Postconflict disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of former combatants in Southern Africa

International Studies Perspectives

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 73-89

  Dzinesa, Gwinyayi A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Demobilization; Disarmament; Reintegration; Weapons

Indexed keywords

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS; PEACEKEEPING; POLITICAL CONFLICT; WEAPON;

AFRICA; ANGOLA; MOZAMBIQUE; NAMIBIA; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ZIMBABWE;

EID: 33846276951     PISSN: 15283577     EISSN: 15283585     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-3585.2007.00270.x     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Anan, Kofi. (1998) The Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa, (UNS/1998/318), April 13.
2. Angola Peace Monitor Issue No.2, Vol.III. Available at (http://www.reliefweb.int Accessed on October 30, 1996.)
3. Anstee, Margaret. (1996) Orphan of the Cold War. The Inside Story of the Collapse of the Angolan Peace Process. London: Macmillan.
4. Bernard, B, Belinda. Bernard, B. Brewer, S. Dharmapuri, E. Dobor, A. Hansen, and S. Nelson. (2003) Assessment of the Situation of Women and Children in the Liberian Post-Conflict Period and Recommendations for Reintegration. (USAID/Development Alternative.)
5. Boulden, Jane. (1996) Rules of Engagement, Force Structure and Composition in UN Disarmament Operations. In Disarmament and Conflict Resolution Project: Managing Arms in Peace Processes: The Issues, edited by UNIDIR. Geneva: UNIDIR.
6. CAII/USAID. (2001) Youth Reintegration and Training and Education for Peace (YRTEP) Program: Summary of findings.
7. Campbell, Horace. (2003) Reclaiming Zimbabwe: The Exhaustion of the Patriarchal Model of Liberation. South Africa: New Africa Books.
8. Chetty, Robert., ed. (2000) Firearm Use and Distribution in South Africa. Pretoria: National Crime Prevention Centre Firearm Programme.
9. Cliffe, Lionel Cliffe, R. Bush, J. Lindsay, B. Mokopakgosi, D. Pankhurst, and B. Tsie. (1994) The Transition to Independence in Namibia. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
10. Colleta Nat, J. Markus Kostner, and Ingo Wiedohofer. (1996) The Transition from War to Peace in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington: World Bank.
11. Dzinesa, Gwinyayi A. (Winter 2004) A Comparative Perspective of UN Peacekeeping in Angola and Namibia. International Peacekeeping 11(4): 644-663.
12. Farr, Vanessa. (2000) Gendering Demobilization as a Peace Building Tool. Bonn: BICC.
13. Farr, Vanessa. (2003) The Importance of a Gender Perspective to Successful Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Processes. Disarmament Forum, (4): 25-35.
14. Gamba, Virginia. (November 1999) Small Arms in Southern Africa: Reflections on the Extent of the Problem and its Management Potential. ISS Monograph 42. Pretoria: ISS.
15. George, Mluleki. (2004) Opening Address of The Deputy Minister of Defence at the occasion of A Symposium On Military Veterans, University Of South Africa.
16. Ghali, Boutros-Boutros. (1994) An Agenda for Development, Report of the Secretary General, A/48/935 New York, United Nations.
17. Ginifer, Jeremy. (1995) Managing Arms in Peace Processes: Rhodesia/ Zimbabwe. New York: UNIDR.
18. Hitchcock, Nicky. (2004) Disarmament, Demobilization & Reintegration: The Case of Angola. Conflict Trends 1: 36-40.
19. Howard, L. M. (Spring 2002) UN Peace Implementation in Namibia: The Causes of Success. International Peacekeeping 9(1): 99-132.
20. Khumalo Interview. (2005) Interview with SAPS Deputy Provincial Commissioner Africa Khumalo, Ex-MK Commander, April 25, 2005, Johannesburg.
21. Kingma, Kees. (2002) Demobilization, Reintegration and Peacebuilding in Africa. International Peacekeeping 9(2): 181-201.
22. Kingma, Kees., ed. (2000) Demobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa; The Development and the Security Impacts. U.K.: Macmillan Press.
23. Liebenberg, Ian, and Marlene Roefs. (August 2001) Demobilisation and its Aftermath II: Economic Reinsertion of South Africa's Demobilised Military Personnel, ISS Monograph 61. Pretoria: ISS.
24. Lundin, Irae Baptista, M. Chachiua, A. Gaspar, H. Guebuza, and G. Mbilana. (2000) Reducing Costs through an "Expensive Exercise": The Impact of Demobilization in Mozambique. In Demobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Development and the Security Impacts, edited by Kees Kingma. Houndmills: Macmillan Press.
25. MacQueen, Norrie. (1998) Peacekeeping by Attrition: The United Nations in Angola. Journal of Modern African Studies 36(3): 399-422.
26. Mashike, Lephophotho. (2004) "You are a time bomb..." Ex-combatants in post-conflict South Africa. Society in Transition 35(1): 87-104.
27. Matlosa, Khabele. (1999) Angola: Can Structural Adjustment Lead to Peace. In Recovery from Armed Conflict in Developing Countries, edited by Geoff Harris. London: Routledge.
28. Mazarire, Gerald, and Martin R. Rupiya. (2000) Two Wrongs Do Not Make a Right: A Critical Assessment of Zimbabwe's Demobilization and Reintegration Programmes, 1980-2000. Journal of Peace, Conflict and Military Studies 1(1): 69-80.
29. McMullin, Jaremey. (Winter 2004) Reintegration of Combatants: Were the Right Lessons Learned in Mozambique? International Peacekeeping 11(4): 625-643.
30. Motumi Interview. (2005) Interview with Tsepe Motumi, Chief of Policy and Planning, Department of Defence, April 5, 2005, Pretoria.
31. Motumi, Tsepe, and Penny McKenzie. (1998) After the War: Demobilisation in South Africa. In From Defence to Development, edited by Jacklyn Cock and Penny McKenzie. Cape Town: David Philip.
32. Motumi, Tsepe, and Andrew Hudson. (1995) Rightsizing: The Challenges of Demobilisation and Social Reintegration in South Africa. In Dismissed: Demobilisation and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Africa, edited by Jackie Cilliers. South Africa: IDP.
33. Musemwa, Muchaparara. (1995) The Ambiguities of Democracy: The Demobilization of Zimbabwean Ex-Combatants and the Ordeal of Rehabilitation 1980-1983. In Dismissed: Demobilisation and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Africa, edited by Jackie Cilliers. South Africa: IDP.
34. Rice, Susan.E. (1990) The Commonwealth Initiative in Zimbabwe, 1979-1980: Implications for International Peacekeeping D. Phil thesis, New College, Oxford University.
35. Rupiya, Martin. (1995) Demobilisation and Integration: "Operation Merger" and the Zimbabwe National Defence Forces, 1980-1987. In Dismissed: Demobilisation and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Africa, edited by Jackie Cilliers. South Africa: IDP.
36. Shivute Interview. (2004) Interview with Peter Shivute, Permanent Secretary Ministry of Defence, Windhoek, November 12, 2004.
37. The Star. (29 July 1993) Amnesty for Arms Gets Poor Response.
38. The Sunday Mail. (11 August 1996) Why ZNA Being Downsized.
39. Thornberry, Cedric. (2004) A Nation is Born: The Inside Story of Namibia's Independence. Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan Publishers.
40. United Nations. (1999) Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-combatants in a Peacekeeping Environment. New York: United Nations Dept. of Peacekeeping Operations.
41. Werbner, Richard. (1998) Smoke from the Barrel of a Gun: Post-wars of the Dead, Memory and Reinscription in Zimbabwe. In Memory and the Post-Colony, edited by Richard Werbner. London: Zed Books.
42. Wilkinson, Adrian, and J. Hughes-Wilson. (2001) Safe and Efficient Small Arms Collection and Destruction Programmes: A Proposal for Practical Technical Measures. New York: UNDP.
43. W orld B ank. (2002) Greater Great Lakes Regional Strategy for Demobilization and Reintegration, Report No 23869-AFR, March 25.
44. Zimbabwe Parliamentary Debates, House of Assembly, Vol. 1, 1980 May 14 to June 26, 1980 and July 23 to August 15, 1980.