Landscape-Scale Simulation of Heterogeneous Fire Effects on Pyrogenic Carbon Emissions, Tree Mortality, and Net Ecosystem Production

Ecosystems

Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 758-775

  Meigs, Garrett W ^a   Turner, David P ^a   Ritts, William D ^a   Yang, Zhiqiang ^a   Law, Beverly E ^a  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Biome BGC; carbon modeling; disturbance; emission; fire; Landsat; MTBS; net ecosystem production; tree mortality

Indexed keywords

BIOME; CARBON BUDGET; CARBON EMISSION; CARBON FLUX; DEAD WOOD; DECOMPOSITION; DISTURBANCE; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; FIRE BEHAVIOR; IN SITU MEASUREMENT; LANDSAT; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; MORTALITY; NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION; REMOTE SENSING; SUCCESSION; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

METOLIUS BASIN; OREGON; UNITED STATES;

EID: 79960324049     PISSN: 14329840     EISSN: 14350629     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10021-011-9444-8     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Agee JK. 1993. Fire ecology of Pacific Northwest forests. Washington, DC: Island Press.
2. Balshi MS, McGuire AD, Zhuang Q, Melillo J, Kicklighter DW, Kasischke E, Wirth C, Flannigan M, Harden J, Clein JS, Burnside TJ, McAllister J, Kurz WA, Apps M, Shvidenko A. 2007. The role of historical fire disturbance in the carbon dynamics of the pan-boreal region: a process-based analysis. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 112. doi: 10. 1029/2006JG000380.
3. Birdsey RA, Jenkins JC, Johnston M, Huber-Sannwald E, Amiro BD, de Jong B, Barra JDE, French NHF, Garcia-Oliva F, Harmon ME, Heath LS, Jaramillo VJ, Johnsen K, Law BE, Marín-Spiotta E, Masera O, Neilson R, Pan Y, Pregitzer KS. 2007. North American Forests. In: King AW, Dilling L, Zimmerman GP, Fairman DM, Houghton RA, Marland G, Rose AZ, Wilbanks TJ, Eds. The first State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR): The North American carbon budget and implications for the global carbon cycle. A report by the U. S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. Asheville: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center. pp 117-26.
4. Bond-Lamberty B, Peckham SD, Ahl DE, Gower ST. 2007. Fire as the dominant driver of central Canadian boreal forest carbon balance. Nature 450: 89-93.
5. Bork BJ. 1985. Fire history in three vegetation types on the eastern side of the Oregon Cascades. PhD Thesis. Oregon State University. 94 pp.
6. Bormann BT, Homann PS, Darbyshire RL, Morrissette BA. 2008. Intense forest wildfire sharply reduces mineral soil C and N: the first direct evidence. Can J For Res 38: 2771-83.
7. Bowman D, Balch JK, Artaxo P, Bond WJ, Carlson JM, Cochrane MA, D'Antonio CM, DeFries RS, Doyle JC, Harrison SP, Johnston FH, Keeley JE, Krawchuk MA, Kull CA, Marston JB, Moritz MA, Prentice IC, Roos CI, Scott AC, Swetnam TW, van der Werf GR, Pyne SJ. 2009. Fire in the Earth system. Science 324: 481-4.
8. Campbell JL, Sun OJ, Law BE. 2004. Disturbance and net ecosystem production across three climatically distinct forest landscapes. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 18. doi: 10. 1029/2004GB002236.
9. Campbell JL, Donato DC, Azuma DL, Law BE. 2007. Pyrogenic carbon emission from a large wildfire in Oregon, United States. J Geophys Res 112: G04014.
10. Chapin FSIII, Woodwell GM, Randerson JT, Rastetter EB, Lovett GM, Baldocchi DD, Clark DA, Harmon ME, Schimel DS, Valentini R, Wirth C, Aber JD, Cole JJ, Goulden ML, Harden JW, Heimann M, Howarth RW, Matson PA, McGuire AD, Melillo JM, Mooney HA, Neff JC, Houghton RA, Pace ML, Ryan MG, Running SW, Sala OE, Schlesinger WH, Schulze ED. 2006. Reconciling carbon-cycle concepts, terminology, and methods. Ecosystems 9: 1041-50.
11. Cohen WB, Spies TA, Alig RJ, Oetter DR, Maiersperger TK, Fiorella M. 2002. Characterizing 23 years (1972-95) of stand replacement disturbance in western Oregon forests with Landsat imagery. Ecosystems 5: 122-37.
12. Daly C, Gibson WP, Taylor GH, Johnson GL, Pasteris P. 2002. A knowledge-based approach to the statistical mapping of climate. Clim Res 22: 99-113.
13. DAYMET. 2009. Distributed climate data. http://www. daymet. org/.
14. Donato DC, Campbell JL, Fontaine JB, Law BE. 2009. Quantifying char in postfire woody detritus inventories. Fire Ecol 5(2): 104-15.
15. Duane M, Cohen WB, Campbell JL, Hudiburg T, Turner D, Weyermann D. 2010. Implications of alternative field-sampling designs on Landsat-based mapping of stand age and carbon stocks in Oregon forests. For Sci 56(4): 405-16.
16. Eidenshink J, Schwind B, Brewer K, Zhu ZL, Quayle B, Howard S. 2007. A project for monitoring trends in burn severity. Fire Ecol 3: 3-21.
17. Fitzgerald SA. 2005. Fire ecology of ponderosa pine and the rebuilding of fire-resilient ponderosa pine ecosystems. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Ponderosa Pine: Issues, Trends, and Management, 2004 October 18-21, Klamath Falls, OR. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-198. Albany, CA.
18. Franklin SE, Waring RH, McCreight RW, Cohen WB, Fiorella M. 1995. Aerial and satellite sensor detection and classification of western spruce budworm defoliation in a subalpine forest. Can J Remote Sens 21: 299-308.
19. French NHF, Kasischke ES, Hall RJ, Murphy KA, Verbyla DL, Hoy EE, Allen JL. 2008. Using Landsat data to assess fire and burn severity in the North American boreal forest region: an overview and summary of results. Int J Wildl Fire 17: 443-62.
20. French N, de Groot WJ, Jenkins LK, Rogers BM, Alvarado E, Amiro B, de Jong B, Goetz S, Hoy E, Hyer E, Keane R, Law BE, McKenzie D, McNulty SG, Ottmar R, Perez-Salicrup DR, Randerson J, Robertson KM, Turetsky M. 2011. Model comparisons for estimating carbon emissions from North American wildland fire. J Geophys Res Biogeosci. doi: 10. 1029/2010JG001469.
21. Frolking S, Palace MW, Clark DB, Chambers JQ, Shugart HH, Hurtt GC. 2009. Forest disturbance and recovery: a general review in the context of spaceborne remote-sensing of impacts on aboveground biomass and canopy structure. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 114. doi: 10. 1029/2008JG000911.
22. Giglio L, Randerson JT, van der Werf GR, Kasibhatla PS, Collatz GJ, DeFreis RS. 2010. Assessing variability and long-term trends in burned area by merging multiple satellite fire products. Biogeosciences 7: 1171-86.
23. Goetz SJ, Mack MC, Gurney KR, Randerson JT, Houghton RA. 2007. Ecosystem responses to recent climate change and fire disturbance at northern high latitudes: observations and model results contrasting northern Eurasia and North America. Env Res Lett 2: 045031. doi: 10. 1088/1748-9326/2/4/045031.
24. Goward SN, Masek JG, Cohen WB, Moisen G, Collatz GJ, Healey SP, Houghton RA, Huang C, Kennedy RE, Law BE, Powell SL, Turner DP, Wulder MA. 2008. Forest disturbance and North American carbon flux. Eos Trans Am Geophys Union 89: 105-16.
25. Griffith G, Omernik JM. 2009. Ecoregions of Oregon (EPA) In: McGinley M, Cleveland CJ, Eds. Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment. http://www. eoearth. org/article/Ecoregions_of_Oregon_(EPA).
26. Harmon ME, Franklin JF, Swanson FJ, Sollins P, Gregory SV, Lattin JD, Anderson NH, Cline SP, Aumen NG, Sedell JR, Lienkaemper Cromack, Jr K, Cummins KW. 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Adv Ecol Res 15: 133-302.
27. Harmon ME, Fasth B, Sexton JM. 2005. Bole decomposition rates of seventeen tree species in Western U. S. A.: a report prepared for the Pacific Northwest Experiment Station, the Joint Fire Sciences Program, and the Forest Management Service Center of WO Forest Management Staff. http://andrewsforest. oregonstate. edu/pubs/webdocs/reports/decomp/cwd_decomp_web. htm.
28. Hawbaker TJ, Radeloff VC, Syphard AD, Zhu ZL, Stewart SI. 2008. Detection rates of the MODIS active fire product in the United States. Remote Sens Environ 112: 2656-64.
29. Hessburg PF, Salter RB, James KM. 2007. Re-examining fire severity relations in pre-management era mixed conifer forests: inferences from landscape patterns of forest structure. Landsc Ecol 22: 5-24.
30. Hudak AT, Morgan P, Bobbitt MJ, Smith AMS, Lewis SA, Lentile LB, Robichaud PR, Clark JT, McKinley RA. 2007. The relationship of multispectral satellite imagery to immediate fire effects. J Fire Ecol 3: 64-90.
31. Hudiburg T, Law BE, Turner DP, Campbell JL, Donato DC, Duane M. 2009. Carbon dynamics of Oregon and Northern California forests and potential land-based carbon storage. Ecol Appl 19: 163-80.
32. Hurteau MD, Koch GW, Hungate BA. 2008. Carbon protection and fire risk reduction: toward a full accounting of forest carbon offsets. Front Ecol Environ 6: 493-8.
33. IPCC. 2007. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL, Eds. Climate Change 2007: The physical science basis: contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. http://www. ipcc. ch.
34. Irvine J, Law BE, Hibbard KA. 2007. Postfire carbon pools and fluxes in semiarid ponderosa pine in Central Oregon. Glob Change Biol 13: 1748-60.
35. Isaev AS, Korovin GN, Bartalev SA, Ershov DV, Janetos A, Kasischke ES, Shugart HH, French NHF, Orlick BE, Murphy TL. 2002. Using remote-sensing to assess Russian forest fire carbon emissions. Clim Change 55: 235-49.
36. Kagan JS, Hak JC, Csuti B, Kiilsgaard CW, Gaines EP. 1999. Oregon gap analysis project final report: a geographic approach to planning for biological diversity. Portland, OR: Oregon Natural Heritage Program.
37. Kasischke ES, Hyer EJ, Novelli PC, Bruhwiler LP, French NHF, Sukhinin AI, Hewson JH, Stocks BJ. 2005. Influences of boreal fire emissions on Northern Hemisphere atmospheric carbon and carbon monoxide. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 19.
38. Kasischke ES, Verbyla DL, Rupp TS, McGuire AD, Murphy KA, Jandt R, Barnes JL, Hoy EE, Duffy PA, Calef M, Turetsky MR. 2010. Alaska's changing fire regime-implications for the vulnerability of its boreal forests. Can J For Res 40: 1313-24.
39. Keane RE, Burgan R, van Wagtendonk J. 2001. Mapping wildland fuels for fire management across multiple scales: integrating remote-sensing, GIS, and biophysical modeling. Int J Wildl Fire 10: 301-19.
40. Keeley JE, Zedler PH. 2009. Large, high-intensity fire events in southern California shrublands: debunking the fine-grain age patch model. Ecol Appl 19: 69-94.
41. Kennedy RE, Yang Z, Cohen WB. 2010. Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 1. LandTrendr-temporal segmentation algorithms. Remote Sens Environ 114: 2897-910.
42. Key CH, Benson NC. 2006. Landscape assessment: ground measure of severity, the Composite Burn Index; and remote-sensing of severity, the Normalized Burn Ratio. In: FIREMON: Fire effects monitoring and inventory system. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-164-CD. Fort Collins, CO.
43. Körner C. 2003. Slow in, rapid out-carbon flux studies and Kyoto targets. Science 300: 1242-3.
44. Krivtsov V, Vigy O, Legg C, Curt T, Rigolot E, Lecomte I, Jappiot M, Lampin-Maillet C, Fernandes P, Pessatti GB. 2009. Fuel modelling in terrestrial ecosystems: an overview in the context of development of an object-oriented database for wild fire analysis. Ecol Model 220: 2915-26.
45. Law BE, Thornton PE, Irvine J, Anthoni PM, van Tuyl S. 2001. Carbon storage and fluxes in ponderosa pine forests at different developmental stages. Glob Change Biol 7: 755-77.
46. Law BE, Sun OJ, Campbell JL, van Tuyl S, Thornton PE. 2003. Changes in carbon storage and fluxes in a chronosequence of ponderosa pine. Glob Change Biol 9: 510-24.
47. Law BE, Turner D, Campbell JL, Sun OJ, van Tuyl S, Ritts WD, Cohen WB. 2004. Disturbance and climate effects on carbon stocks and fluxes across Western Oregon USA. Glob Change Biol 10: 1429-40.
48. Law BE, Turner DP, Campbell JL, Lefsky M, Guzy M, Sun O, van Tuyl S, Cohen WB. 2006. Carbon fluxes across regions: observational constraints at multiple scales. In: Wu J, Jones B, Li H, Loucks O, Eds. Scaling and uncertainty analysis in ecology: methods and applications. Berlin: Springer. p 167-90.
49. Lentile LB, Holden ZA, Smith AMS, Falkowski MJ, Hudak AT, Morgan P, Lewis SA, Gessler PE, Benson NC. 2006. Remote-sensing techniques to assess active fire characteristics and post-fire effects. Int J Wildl Fire 15: 319-45.
50. Loboda T, O'Neal KJ, Csiszar I. 2007. Regionally adaptable dNBR-based algorithm for burned area mapping from MODIS data. Remote Sens Environ 109: 429-42.
51. Mäkela A, Landsberg J, Ek AR, Burk TE, Ter-Mikaelian M, Ågren GI, Oliver CD, Puttonen P. 2000. Process-based models for forest ecosystem management: current state of the art and challenges for practical implementation. Tree Physiol 20: 289-98.
52. McKenzie D, Raymond CL, Kellogg LKB, Norheim RA, Andreu AG, Bayard AC, Kopper KE, Elman E. 2007. Mapping fuels at multiple scales: landscape application of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System. Can J For Res 37: 2421-37.
53. Meigs GW. 2009. Carbon dynamics following landscape fire: Influence of burn severity, climate, and stand history in the Metolius Watershed, Oregon. M. S. Thesis. Oregon State University. 147 pp.
54. Meigs GW, Donato DC, Campbell JL, Martin JG, Law BE. 2009. Forest fire impacts on carbon uptake, storage, and emission: the role of burn severity in the Eastern Cascades, Oregon. Ecosystems 12: 1246-67.
55. Metsaranta JM, Kurz WA, Neilson ET, Stinson G. 2010. Implications of future disturbance regimes on the carbon balance of Canada's managed forest (2010-2100). Tellus 62: 719-28. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1600-0889. 2010. 00487. x.
56. Michalek JL, French NHF, Kasischke ES, Johnson RD, Colwell JE. 2000. Using Landsat TM data to estimate carbon release from burned biomass in an Alaskan spruce forest complex. Int J Remote Sens 21: 323-38.
57. Mitchell S, Beven K, Freer J, Law B. 2011. Processes influencing model-data mismatch in drought-stressed, fire-disturbed eddy flux sites. J Geophys Res Biogeosci. doi: 10. 1029/2009JG001146.
58. OFRI. 2006. Forests, carbon, and climate change: a synthesis of science findings. Portland (OR): Oregon Forest Resources Institute (OFRI).
59. Omernik JM. 1987. Ecoregions of the conterminous United States. Map (scale 1: 7, 500, 000). Ann Assoc Am Geogr 77: 118-25.
60. Potter C, Tan PN, Steinbach M, Klooster S, Kumar V, Myneni R, Genovese V. 2003. Major disturbance events in terrestrial ecosystems detected using global satellite data sets. Glob Change Biol 9: 1005-21.
61. Quaife T, Lewis P, De Kauwe M, Williams M, Law BE, Disney M, Bowyer P. 2008. Assimilating canopy reflectance data into an ecosystem model with an Ensemble Kalman Filter. Remote Sens Environ 112: 1347-64.
62. Rahmstorf S, Cazenave A, Church JA, Hansen JE, Keeling RF, Parker DE, Somerville RCJ. 2007. Recent climate observations compared to projections. Science 316: 709.
63. Roy DP, Boschetti L, Trigg SN. 2006. Remote-sensing of fire severity: assessing the performance of the normalized burn ratio. Ieee Geosci Remote Sens Lett 3: 112-16.
64. Roy DP, Boschetti L, Justice CO, Ju J. 2008. The collection 5 MODIS burned area product-global evaluation by comparison with the MODIS active fire product. Remote Sens Environ 112: 3690-707.
65. Running SW. 2008. Ecosystem disturbance, carbon, and climate. Science 321: 652-3.
66. Running SW, Coughlan JC. 1988. A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications: 1. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas-exchange and primary production processes. Ecol Model 42: 125-54.
67. Schoennagel T, Veblen TT, Romme WH. 2004. The interaction of fire, fuels, and climate across Rocky Mountain forests. Bioscience 54: 661-76.
68. Schwind B (Compiler). 2008. Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity: Report on the Pacific Northwest and Pacific Southwest fires-1984 to 2005. http://mtbs. gov.
69. Simon SA. 1991. Fire history in the Jefferson Wilderness area of east of the Cascade Crest. A final report to the Deschutes National Forest Fire Staff.
70. Smithwick EAH, Ryan MG, Kashian DM, Romme WH, Tinker DB, Turner MG. 2008. Modeling the effects of fire and climate change on carbon and nitrogen storage in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands. Glob Change Biol 15: 535-48.
71. Soeriaatmadhe RE. 1966. Fire history of the ponderosa pine forests of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation Oregon. Ph. D. Thesis. Oregon State University.
72. Spracklen DV, Mickley LJ, Logan JA, Hudman RC, Yevich R, Flannigan MD, Westerling AL. 2009. Impacts of climate change from 2000 to 2050 on wildfire activity and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in the western United States. J Geophys Res Atmos 114.
73. Swedberg KC. 1973. A transition coniferous forest in the Cascade Mountains of Northern Oregon. Am Midl Nat 89: 1-25.
74. Thomas CK, Law BE, Irvine J, Martin JG, Pettijohn JC, Davis KJ. 2009. Seasonal hydrology explains inter-annual and seasonal variation in carbon and water exchange in a semi-arid mature ponderosa pine forest in Central Oregon. J Geophys Res Biogeosci. doi: 10. 1029/2009JG001010.
75. Thornton PE, Law BE, Gholz HL, Clark KL, Falge E, Ellsworth DS, Golstein AH, Monson RK, Hollinger D, Falk M, Chen J, Sparks JP. 2002. Modeling and measuring the effects of disturbance history and climate on carbon and water budgets in evergreen needleleaf forests. Agric For Meteorol 113: 185-222.
76. Turner DP, Ritts WD, Law BE, Cohen WB, Yang Z, Hudiburg T, Campbell JL, Duane M. 2007. Scaling net ecosystem production and net biome production over a heterogeneous region in the western United States. Biogeosciences 4: 597-612.
77. USDA. 2008. Field instructions for the annual inventory of California, Oregon, and Washington. Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. Portland, OR. http://www. fs. fed. us/pnw/fia/publications/fieldmanuals. shtml.
78. van der Werf GR, Randerson JT, Giglio L, Collatz GJ, Kasibhatla PS, Arellano AF. 2006. Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004. Atmos Chem Phys 6: 3423-41.
79. Vogelmann JE, Howard SM, Yang LM, Larson CR, Wylie BK, van Driel N. 2001. Completion of the 1990 s National Land Cover Data set for the conterminous United States from Landsat Thematic Mapper data and Ancillary data sources. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 67: 650-62.
80. Waddell KL, Hiserote B. 2005. The PNW-FIA integrated database [on CD]. Version 2. 0. Released September 2005. Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Portland, Oregon, USA. http://www. fs. fed. us/pnw/fia/publications/data/data. shtml.
81. Waring RH, Savage T, Cromack K Jr, Rose C. 1992. Thinning and nitrogen fertilization in a grand fir stand infested with western spruce budworm. Part IV: an ecosystem management perspective. For Sci 38: 275-86.
82. Weaver H. 1959. Ecological changes in the ponderosa pine forest of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation in Oregon. J For 57: 15-20.
83. White MA, Thornton PE, Running SW, Nemani RR. 2000. Parameterization and sensitivity analysis of the BIOME-BGC terrestrial ecosystem model: net primary production controls. Earth Interact 4: 1-85.
84. Wiedinmyer C, Quayle B, Geron C, Belote A, McKenzie D, Zhang XY, O'Neill S, Wynne KK. 2006. Estimating emissions from fires in North America for air quality modeling. Atmos Environ 40: 3419-32.
85. Wirth C, Czimczik CI, Schulze ED. 2002. Beyond annual budgets: carbon flux at different temporal scales in fire-prone Siberian Scots pine forests. Tellus Ser B 54: 611-30.