Statins for prevention of diabetic-related blindness: A new treatment option?

Expert Review of Ophthalmology

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 269-272

  El Azab, Mona F ^a,b,c   Mysona, Barbara A ^a,b   El Remessy, Azza B ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^c SUEZ CANAL UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

Author keywords

diabetic macular edema; diabetic retinopathy; inflammation; oxidative stress; statin

Indexed keywords

ATORVASTATIN; FENOFIBRATE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MEVINOLIN; PLACEBO; PRAVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN;

BLINDNESS; DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RESPONSE; EYE PROTECTION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 79959805203     PISSN: 17469899     EISSN: 17469902     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/eop.11.36     Document Type: Review

References (35)

1. Ali TK, El-Remessy AB. Diabetic retinopathy: current management and experimental therapeutic targets. Pharmacotherapy 29(2), 182-192 (2009
2. Klein BE, Moss SE, Klein R, Surawicz TS. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy XIII. Relationship of serum cholesterol to retinopathy and hard exudate. Ophthalmology 98(8), 1261-1265 (1991
3. Chew EY, Klein ML, Ferris FL 3rd et al. Association of elevated serum lipid levels with retinal hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report 22. Arch. Ophthalmol. 114(9), 1079-1084 (1996
4. Van Leiden HA, Dekker JM, Moll AC et al. Blood pressure, lipids, and obesity are associated with retinopathy: the Hoorn study. Diabetes Care 25(8), 1320-1325 (2002 (Pubitemid 41071139)
5. Zhou Q, Liao JK. Pleiotropic effects of statins - basic research and clinical perspectives. Circ. J. 74(5), 818-826 (2010
6. Athyros VG, Papageorgiou AA, Symeonidis AN et al. Early benefit from structured care with atorvastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Angiology 54(6), 679-690 (2003 (Pubitemid 37463265)
7. Athyros VG, Papageorgiou AA, Elisaf M, Mikhailidis DP. Statins and renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 19(7), 615-617 (2003 (Pubitemid 37288068)
8. Gotz AK, Boger CA, Hirschmann C, Schmitz G, Riegger GA, Kramer BK. Effect of HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors on survival in Type 2 diabetes patients with end stage diabetic nephropathy. Eur. J. Med. Res. 10(4), 155-160 (2005 (Pubitemid 40584985)
9. Gordon B, Chang S, Kavanagh M et al. The effects of lipid lowering on diabetic retinopathy. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 112(4), 385-391 (1991
10. Sen K, Misra A, Kumar A, Pandey RM. Simvastatin retards progression of retinopathy in diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 56(1), 1-11 (2002 (Pubitemid 34170743)
11. Gupta A, Gupta V, Thapar S, Bhansali A. Lipid-lowering drug atorvastatin as an adjunct in the management of diabetic macular edema. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 137(4), 675-682 (2004 (Pubitemid 38446682)
12. Panagiotoglou TD, Ganotakis ES, Kymionis GD et al. Atorvastatin for diabetic macular edema in patients with diabetes mellitus and elevated serum cholesterol. Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging 41(3), 316-322 (2010
13. Ozkiris A, Erkilic K, Koc A, Mistik S. Effect of atorvastatin on ocular blood flow velocities in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 91(1), 69-73 (2007 (Pubitemid 46094012)
14. Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in Type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 364(9435), 685-696 (2004 (Pubitemid 39140624)
15. Knopp RH, D'emden M, Smilde JG, Pocock SJ. Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in the prevention of cardiovascular end points in subjects with Type 2 diabetes: the Atorvastatin Study for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Endpoints in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (ASPENDiabetes Care 29(7), 1478-1485 (2006
16. Chew EY, Ambrosius WT, Davis MD et al. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in Type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 363(3), 233-244 (2010
17. Caldwell RB, Bartoli M, Behzadian MA et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and diabetic retinopathy: role of oxidative stress. Curr. Drug Targets 6(4), 511-524 (2005 (Pubitemid 40916276)
18. Al-Shabrawey M, Bartoli M, El-Remessy AB et al. Role of NADPH oxidase and Stat3 in statin-mediated protection against diabetic retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49(7), 3231-3238 (2008
19. Zheng Z, Chen H, Wang H et al. Improvement of retinal vascular injury in diabetic rats by statins is associated with the inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species pathway mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1a. Diabetes 59(9), 2315-2325 (2010
20. Li J, Wang JJ, Yu Q, Chen K, Mahadev K, Zhang SX. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species by Lovastatin downregulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression and ameliorates blood-retinal barrier breakdown in db/db mice: role of NADPH oxidase 4. Diabetes 59(6), 1528-1538 (2010
21. Ali TK, Al-Gayyar MM, Matragoon S et al. Diabetes-induced peroxynitrite impairs the balance of pro-nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor, and causes neurovascular injury. Diabetologia 54(3), 657-668 (2011
22. Miyahara S, Kiryu J, Yamashiro K et al. Simvastatin inhibits leukocyte accumulation and vascular permeability in the retinas of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Am. J. Pathol. 164(5), 1697-1706 (2004 (Pubitemid 38529772)
23. Li J, Wang JJ, Chen D et al. Systemic administration of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor protects the blood-retinal barrier and ameliorates retinal inflammation in Type 2 diabetes. Exp. Eye Res. 89(1), 71-78 (2009
24. Gustavsson C, Agardh CD, Hagert P, Agardh E. Inflammatory markers in nondiabetic and diabetic rat retinas exposed to ischemia followed by reperfusion. Retina 28(4), 645-652 (2008 (Pubitemid 351589575)
25. Kowluru RA. Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the development of diabetic retinopathy and its regulation by H-Ras. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51(8), 4320-4326 (2010
26. Zhang W, Wu J, Zhou L, Xie HY, Zheng SS. Fluvastatin, a lipophilic statin, induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through mitochondria-operated pathway. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 48(12), 1167-1174 (2010
27. Okamoto T, Yamagishi S, Inagaki Y et al. Angiogenesis induced by advanced glycation end products and its prevention by cerivastatin. FASEB J. 16(14), 1928- 1930 (2002
28. Bartoli M, Al-Shabrawey M, Labazi M et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statin) prevents retinal neovascularization in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 50(10), 4934-4940 (2009
29. Medina RJ, O'Neill CL, Devine AB, Gardiner TA, Stitt AW. The pleiotropic effects of simvastatin on retinal microvascular endothelium has important implications for ischaemic retinopathies. PLoS One 3(7), e2584 (2008
30. Zambarakji HJ, Nakazawa T, Connolly E et al. Dose-dependent effect of pitavastatin on VEGF and angiogenesis in a mouse model of choroidal neovascularization. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47(6), 2623-2631 (2006 (Pubitemid 351639850)
31. Boucher K, Siegel CS, Sharma P, Hauschka PV, Solomon KR. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors induce apoptosis in pericytes. Microvasc. Res. 71(2), 91-102 (2006
32. Nakazawa T, Takahashi H, Nishijima K et al. Pitavastatin prevents NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell death by suppressing leukocyte recruitment. J. Neurochem. 100(4), 1018-1031 (2007 (Pubitemid 46213926)
33. Kawaji T, Inomata Y, Takano A et al. Pitavastatin: protection against neuronal retinal damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Curr. Eye Res. 32(11), 991-997 (2007 (Pubitemid 350135716)
34. Wu H, Mahmood A, Lu D et al. Attenuation of astrogliosis and modulation of endothelial growth factor receptor in lipid rafts by simvastatin after traumatic brain injury. J. Neurosurg. 113(3), 591-597 (2010
35. Lindberg C, Crisby M, Winblad B, Schultzberg M. Effects of statins on microglia. J. Neurosci. Res. 82(1), 10-19 (2005) (Pubitemid 41604793)