메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 149-155

Sarah Palin, A Nation Object(ifie)s: The Role of Appearance Focus in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election

Author keywords

Dehumanization; Election results; Objectification; Sarah Palin

Indexed keywords


EID: 79959792602     PISSN: 03600025     EISSN: 15732762     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11199-010-9901-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 36749054078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting political elections from rapid and unreflective face judgments
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0705435104
    • Ballew, C. C., & Todorov, A. (2007). Predicting political elections from rapid and unreflective face judgments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 17948-17593. doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 0705435104.
    • (2007) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.104 , pp. 17593-17948
    • Ballew, C.C.1    Todorov, A.2
  • 6
    • 33745584605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Character counts? Honesty and fairness in election 2000
    • doi:10.1093/poq/nfj016
    • Bishin, B. G., Stevens, D., & Wilson, C. (2006). Character counts? Honesty and fairness in election 2000. Public Opinion Quarterly, 70, 232-248. doi: 10. 1093/poq/nfj016.
    • (2006) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.70 , pp. 232-248
    • Bishin, B.G.1    Stevens, D.2    Wilson, C.3
  • 7
    • 21844524177 scopus 로고
    • Beauty or the beast? The effects of appearance, personality, and issue information on evaluations of political candidates
    • doi:10.1177/0146167294204001
    • Budesheim, T. L., & DePaola, S. J. (1994). Beauty or the beast? The effects of appearance, personality, and issue information on evaluations of political candidates. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 339-348. doi: 10. 1177/0146167294204001.
    • (1994) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.20 , pp. 339-348
    • Budesheim, T.L.1    Depaola, S.J.2
  • 8
    • 1842764943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of objectification theory: The effect of the male gaze on appearance concerns in college women
    • doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2004.00118.x
    • Calogaro, R. M. (2005). A test of objectification theory: The effect of the male gaze on appearance concerns in college women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28, 16-21. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 2004. 00118. x.
    • (2005) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.28 , pp. 16-21
    • Calogaro, R.M.1
  • 9
    • 57149137843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of self-interest and competence in attitudes toward politicians
    • Cislak, A., & Wojciszke, B. (2006). The role of self-interest and competence in attitudes toward politicians. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 37, 203-212.
    • (2006) Polish Psychological Bulletin , vol.37 , pp. 203-212
    • Cislak, A.1    Wojciszke, B.2
  • 10
    • 84872995139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cnn.com
    • Cnn. com. (2008a). Election center 2008 results. Retrieved from http://www. cnn. com/ELECTION/2008/results/president.
    • (2008) Election center 2008 results
  • 11
    • 84872994567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cnn.com
    • Cnn. com. (2008b). Raw exit poll data. Retrieved from http://www. cnn. com/ELECTION/2008/results/polls/#USP00p1.
    • (2008) Raw exit poll data
  • 14
    • 0002354835 scopus 로고
    • Resume evaluations and cosmetics sue: When more is not better
    • doi:10.1007/BF00287847
    • Cox, C. L., & Glick, W. H. (1986). Resume evaluations and cosmetics sue: When more is not better. Sex Roles, 14, 51-58. doi: 10. 1007/BF00287847.
    • (1986) Sex Roles , vol.14 , pp. 51-58
    • Cox, C.L.1    Glick, W.H.2
  • 15
    • 67949107173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • August 31, Retrieved from
    • Dowd, M. (2008, August 31). Vice in go-go boots? Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2008/08/31/opinion/31dowd. html.
    • (2008) Vice in go-go boots?
    • Dowd, M.1
  • 16
    • 85036165718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from status and competition
    • doi:10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.878
    • Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 878-902. doi: 10. 1037//0022-3514. 82. 6. 878.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 878-902
    • Fiske, S.T.1    Cuddy, A.J.C.2    Glick, P.3    Xu, J.4
  • 17
    • 33846691536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universal dimensions of social perception: Warmth and competence
    • doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005
    • Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social perception: Warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Science, 11, 77-83. doi: 10. 1016/j. tics. 2006. 11. 005.
    • (2007) Trends in Cognitive Science , vol.11 , pp. 77-83
    • Fiske, S.T.1    Cuddy, A.J.C.2    Glick, P.3
  • 18
    • 0031165748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks
    • doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
    • Fredrickson, B., & Roberts, T.-A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173-206. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 1997. tb00108. x.
    • (1997) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 173-206
    • Fredrickson, B.1    Roberts, T.-A.2
  • 20
    • 0033607509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interacting minds-a biological basis
    • Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (1999). Interacting minds-a biological basis. Science, 286, 1692-1695.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1692-1695
    • Frith, C.D.1    Frith, U.2
  • 21
    • 77957243853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • My body or my mind: The impact of state and trait objectification on women's cognitive resources
    • doi:10.1002/ejsp. 731
    • Gay, R. K., & Castano, E. (2010). My body or my mind: The impact of state and trait objectification on women's cognitive resources. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 695-703. doi: 10. 1002/ejsp. 731.
    • (2010) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 695-703
    • Gay, R.K.1    Castano, E.2
  • 24
    • 30344488756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluations of sexy women in low and high status jobs
    • doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00238.x
    • Glick, P., Larsen, S., Johnson, C., & Branstiter, H. (2005). Evaluations of sexy women in low and high status jobs. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 389-395. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 2005. 00238. x.
    • (2005) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.29 , pp. 389-395
    • Glick, P.1    Larsen, S.2    Johnson, C.3    Branstiter, H.4
  • 25
    • 0004099348 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Harvard University Press
    • Goffman, E. (1979). Gender advertisements. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    • (1979) Gender Advertisements
    • Goffman, E.1
  • 26
    • 33750801270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: Neuro-imaging responses to extreme outgroups
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-
    • Harris, L. T., & Fiske, S. T. (2006). Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: Neuro-imaging responses to extreme outgroups. Psychological Science, 17, 847-853. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1467-.
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , pp. 847-853
    • Harris, L.T.1    Fiske, S.T.2
  • 27
    • 28244486056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attributions on the brain: Neuro-imaging dispositional inferences, beyond theory of mind
    • doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.021
    • Harris, L. T., Todorov, A., & Fiske, S. T. (2005). Attributions on the brain: Neuro-imaging dispositional inferences, beyond theory of mind. NeuroImage, 28, 763-769. doi: 10. 1016/j. neuroimage. 2005. 05. 021.
    • (2005) NeuroImage , vol.28 , pp. 763-769
    • Harris, L.T.1    Todorov, A.2    Fiske, S.T.3
  • 28
    • 33748463442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehumanization: An integrative review
    • doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_4
    • Haslam, N. (2006). Dehumanization: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 252-264. doi: 10. 1207/s15327957pspr1003_4.
    • (2006) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.10 , pp. 252-264
    • Haslam, N.1
  • 29
    • 30544443079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More human than you: Attributing humanness to self and others
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.937
    • Haslam, N., Bain, P., Douge, L., Lee, M., & Bastian, B. (2005). More human than you: Attributing humanness to self and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 937-950. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 89. 6. 937.
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 937-950
    • Haslam, N.1    Bain, P.2    Douge, L.3    Lee, M.4    Bastian, B.5
  • 30
    • 64049119517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objectifying Sarah Palin: Evidence that objectification causes women to be perceived as less competent and less fully human
    • doi:10.1016/j.jesp. 2009.02.008
    • Heflick, N. A., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2009). Objectifying Sarah Palin: Evidence that objectification causes women to be perceived as less competent and less fully human. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 598-601. doi: 10. 1016/j. jesp. 2009. 02. 008.
    • (2009) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 598-601
    • Heflick, N.A.1    Goldenberg, J.L.2
  • 32
    • 0006925014 scopus 로고
    • Being attractive, advantage or disadvantage? Performance based evaluations and recommended personnel actions as a function of appearance, sex and job type
    • doi:10.1016/0749-5978(85)90035-4
    • Heilman, M. E., & Stopeck, M. H. (1985). Being attractive, advantage or disadvantage? Performance based evaluations and recommended personnel actions as a function of appearance, sex and job type. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35, 202-212. doi: 10. 1016/0749-5978(85)90035-4.
    • (1985) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.35 , pp. 202-212
    • Heilman, M.E.1    Stopeck, M.H.2
  • 33
    • 84873000173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Huffingtonpost.com
    • Huffingtonpost. com. (2008, December). Obama shirtless in Hawaii (Photos). Retrieved from http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2008/12/22/obama-shirtless-in-hawaii_n_152873. html.
    • (2008) Obama shirtless in Hawaii (Photos)
  • 35
    • 31644431942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When appearance concerns make women look bad: Solo status and body image concerns diminish women's academic performance
    • doi:10.1016/j.jesp. 2004.12.004
    • Kiefer, A., Sekaquaptewa, D., & Barczyk, A. (2006). When appearance concerns make women look bad: Solo status and body image concerns diminish women's academic performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 78-86. doi: 10. 1016/j. jesp. 2004. 12. 004.
    • (2006) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 78-86
    • Kiefer, A.1    Sekaquaptewa, D.2    Barczyk, A.3
  • 36
    • 0030305976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of hair color and cosmetic use on perceptions of a female's ability
    • doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00311
    • Kyle, D. J., & Mahler, H. I. M. (1996). The effects of hair color and cosmetic use on perceptions of a female's ability. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20, 447-455. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 1996. tb00311.
    • (1996) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.20 , pp. 447-455
    • Kyle, D.J.1    Mahler, H.I.M.2
  • 37
    • 34548836295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group virtue: The importance of morality (versus competence and sociality) in the positive evaluations of ingroups
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.2.234
    • Leach, C. W., Ellemers, N., & Barreto, M. (2007). Group virtue: The importance of morality (versus competence and sociality) in the positive evaluations of ingroups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 234-249. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 93. 2. 234.
    • (2007) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.93 , pp. 234-249
    • Leach, C.W.1    Ellemers, N.2    Barreto, M.3
  • 38
    • 77955274223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objectification leads to depersonalization: The denial of mind and moral concern to objectified others
    • doi:10.1002/ejsp.755
    • Loughnan, S., Haslam, N., Murnane, T., Vaes, J., Reynolds, C., & Suitner, C. (2010). Objectification leads to depersonalization: The denial of mind and moral concern to objectified others. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 709-717. doi: 10. 1002/ejsp. 755.
    • (2010) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 709-717
    • Loughnan, S.1    Haslam, N.2    Murnane, T.3    Vaes, J.4    Reynolds, C.5    Suitner, C.6
  • 39
    • 79955711287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • August 31
    • Marquardt, A. (2008, August 31). Biden: Palin is good-looking. Retrieved from http://politicalticker. blogs. cnn. com/2008/08/31/biden-palins-good-looking.
    • (2008) Biden: Palin is good-looking
    • Marquardt, A.1
  • 40
    • 84937293706 scopus 로고
    • Inspected by #1184063113: The influence of incumbents' competence and integrity in US house elections
    • McCurley, C., & Mondak, J. J. (1995). Inspected by #1184063113: The influence of incumbents' competence and integrity in US house elections. American Journal of Political Science, 39, 864-885.
    • (1995) American Journal of Political Science , vol.39 , pp. 864-885
    • McCurley, C.1    Mondak, J.J.2
  • 41
    • 55849114567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objectification theory and psychology of women: A decade of advances and future directions
    • doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00452.x
    • Moradi, B., & Huang, Y. P. (2008). Objectification theory and psychology of women: A decade of advances and future directions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32, 377-398. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 2008. 00452. x.
    • (2008) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.32 , pp. 377-398
    • Moradi, B.1    Huang, Y.P.2
  • 42
    • 77958405944 scopus 로고
    • Visual pleasure and narrative cinema
    • Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual pleasure and narrative cinema. Screen, 16, 6-18.
    • (1975) Screen , vol.16 , pp. 6-18
    • Mulvey, L.1
  • 46
    • 33645067932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The disruptive effect of self-objectification on performance
    • doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00262.x
    • Quinn, D. M., Kallen, R. W., Twenge, J. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2006). The disruptive effect of self-objectification on performance. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 59-64. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 2006. 00262. x.
    • (2006) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.30 , pp. 59-64
    • Quinn, D.M.1    Kallen, R.W.2    Twenge, J.M.3    Fredrickson, B.L.4
  • 47
    • 3042731866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mere exposure: Gender differences in the negative effect of priming a state of self-objectification
    • doi: 10. 1023/B: SERS. 0000032306. 20462. 22
    • Roberts, T.-A., & Gettman, J. Y. (2002). Mere exposure: Gender differences in the negative effect of priming a state of self-objectification. Sex Roles, 17-27. doi: 10. 1023/B: SERS. 0000032306. 20462. 22.
    • (2002) Sex Roles , pp. 17-27
    • Roberts, T.-A.1    Gettman, J.Y.2
  • 48
    • 77952691283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the vote through implicit and explicit attitudes: A field research
    • doi: 10. 1111/j. 1467-9221. 2009. 00751
    • Rocatto, M., & Zogmaister, C. (2010). Predicting the vote through implicit and explicit attitudes: A field research. Political Psychology, 249-274. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1467-9221. 2009. 00751.
    • (2010) Political Psychology , pp. 249-274
    • Rocatto, M.1    Zogmaister, C.2
  • 49
    • 21844482915 scopus 로고
    • The afterglow of construct accessibility: The behavioral consequences of priming men to view women as sex objects
    • doi:10.1006/jesp. 1995.1022
    • Rudman, L. A., & Borgida, E. (1995). The afterglow of construct accessibility: The behavioral consequences of priming men to view women as sex objects. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 493-517. doi: 10. 1006/jesp. 1995. 1022.
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 493-517
    • Rudman, L.A.1    Borgida, E.2
  • 52
    • 20444390980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes
    • doi:10.1126/science.1110589
    • Todorov, A., Mandisodza, A. N., Goren, A., & Hall, C. C. (2005). Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes. Science, 308, 1623-1626. doi: 10. 1126/science. 1110589.
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , pp. 1623-1626
    • Todorov, A.1    Mandisodza, A.N.2    Goren, A.3    Hall, C.C.4
  • 54
    • 33947276902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spent resources: Self-regulatory resource availability affects impulse buying
    • doi:10.1086/510228
    • Vohs, K. D., & Faber, R. J. (2007). Spent resources: Self-regulatory resource availability affects impulse buying. Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 537-547. doi: 10. 1086/510228.
    • (2007) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.13 , pp. 537-547
    • Vohs, K.D.1    Faber, R.J.2
  • 55
    • 17044411261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-regulation and self-presentation: Regulatory resource depletion impairs impression management and effortful self-presentation depletes regulatory resources
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.632
    • Vohs, K. D., Baumeister, R. F., & Ciarocco, N. (2005). Self-regulation and self-presentation: Regulatory resource depletion impairs impression management and effortful self-presentation depletes regulatory resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 632-657. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 88. 4. 632.
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 632-657
    • Vohs, K.D.1    Baumeister, R.F.2    Ciarocco, N.3
  • 56
    • 43249121628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: A limited resource account of decision making, self-regulation and action initiation
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.883
    • Vohs, K. D., Baumeister, R., Schmeichel, B., Twenge, J. M., Nelson, N. M., & Tice, D. M. (2008). Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: A limited resource account of decision making, self-regulation and action initiation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 883-898. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 94. 5. 883.
    • (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.94 , pp. 883-898
    • Vohs, K.D.1    Baumeister, R.2    Schmeichel, B.3    Twenge, J.M.4    Nelson, N.M.5    Tice, D.M.6
  • 57
    • 20444465415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moral and competence-related traits in political perception
    • Wojciszke, B., & Klusek, B. (1996). Moral and competence-related traits in political perception. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 27, 319-324.
    • (1996) Polish Psychological Bulletin , vol.27 , pp. 319-324
    • Wojciszke, B.1    Klusek, B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.