Relatedness and demography of African forest elephants: Inferences from noninvasive fecal DNA analyses

Journal of Heredity

Volumn 102, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 391-398

  Munshi South, Jason ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

demography; fecal DNA; forest elephants; Gabon; microsatellites; relatedness

Indexed keywords

MICROSATELLITE DNA;

AFRICA; ARTICLE; DEMOGRAPHY; DNA DETERMINATION; ELEPHANT; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; GENE LOCUS; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; LOXODONTA CYCLOTIS; MALE; MITOCHONDRION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; DEMOGRAPHY; DNA PRIMERS; DNA, MITOCHONDRIAL; ELEPHANTS; FECES; FEMALE; GABON; GENETICS, POPULATION; GENOTYPE; HAPLOTYPES; MALE; MICROSATELLITE REPEATS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA; TREES;

ELEPHANTIDAE; LOXODONTA CYCLOTIS;

EID: 79959505952     PISSN: 00221503     EISSN: 14657333     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esr030     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Archie EA, Moss CJ, Alberts SC. 2003. Characterization of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the African Savannah Elephant (Loxodonta africana africana). Mol Ecol Notes. 3:244-246. (Pubitemid 36720156)
2. Archie E, Moss C, Alberts S. 2006. The ties that bind: genetic relatedness predicts the fission and fusion of social groups in wild African elephants. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 273:513-522. (Pubitemid 46768054)
3. Bandelt HJ, Forster P, Rohl A. 1999. Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol. 16:37-48. (Pubitemid 29024937)
4. Blake S. 2004. Do leopards kill forest elephants? Evidence from northern Congo. Mammalia. 68:225-227. (Pubitemid 39455141)
5. Blake S, Inkamba-Nkulu C. 2004. Fruit, minerals, and forest elephant trails: do all roads lead to Rome? Biotropica. 36:392-401. (Pubitemid 39182884)
6. Blanc JJ, Barnes RFW, Craig GC, Dublin HT, Thouless CR, Douglas- Hamilton I, Hart JA. 2007. African elephant status report 2007: an update from the African Elephant Database. Gland (Switzerland): IUCN.
7. Buij R, McShea WJ, Campbell P, Lee ME, Dallmeier F, Guimondou S, Mackaga L, Guisseougou N, Mboumba S, Hines JE, et al. 2007. Patchoccupancy models indicate human activity as major determinant of forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis seasonal distribution in an industrial corridor in Gabon. Biol Conserv. 135:189-201. (Pubitemid 44932149)
8. Cerling TE, Wittemyer G, Rasmussen HB, Vollrath F, Cerling CE, Robinson TJ, Douglas-Hamilton I. 2006. Stable isotopes in elephant hair document migration patterns and diet changes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103:371-373. (Pubitemid 43122407)
9. Comstock KE, Georgiadis N, Pecon-Slattery J, Roca AL, Ostrander EA, OBrien SJ, Wasser SK. 2002. Patterns of molecular genetic variation among African elephant populations. Mol Ecol. 11:2489-2498. (Pubitemid 35436671)
10. Comstock KE, Wasser SK, Ostrander EA. 2000. Polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci identified in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Mol Ecol. 9:1004-1006. (Pubitemid 30466719)
11. Debruyne R. 2005. A case study of apparent conflict between molecular phylogenies: the interrelationships of African elephants. Cladistics. 21:31-50. (Pubitemid 40534293)
12. Douglas-Hamilton I. 1972. On the ecology and behaviour of the African elephant. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press.
13. Eggert L, Eggert J, Woodruff D. 2003. Estimating population sizes for elusive animals: the forest elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana. Mol Ecol. 12:1389-1402. (Pubitemid 36708447)
14. Eggert LS, Ahlering M, Manka S. 2007. Lessons from genetic censuses of forest elephants. In: Olson D, editor. Proceedings of the International Elephant Conservation and Research Symposium. Orlando (FL): International Elephant Foundation. p. 157-164.
15. Eggert LS, Ramakrishnan U, Mundy NI, Woodruff DS. 2000. Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and their use in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Mol Ecol. 9:2223-2225. (Pubitemid 32053386)
16. Eggert LS, Rasner CA, Woodruff DS. 2002. The evolution and phylogeography of the African elephant inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite markers. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 269:1993-2006. (Pubitemid 35177009)
17. Fernando P, Melnick DJ. 2001. Molecular sexing eutherian mammals. Mol Ecol Notes. 1:350-353. (Pubitemid 33691757)
18. Fernando P, Pfrender ME, Encalada SE, Lande R. 2000. Mitochondrial DNA variation, phylogeography and population structure of the Asian elephant. Heredity. 84:362-372. (Pubitemid 30236600)
19. Fishlock V, Lee PC, Breuer T. 2008. Quantifying forest elephant social structure in Central African bai environments. Pachyderm. 44:17-26.
20. Gobush K, Kerr B, Wasser S. 2009. Genetic relatedness and disrupted social structure in a poached population of African elephants. Mol Ecol. 18:722-734.
21. Goudet J. 2002. FSTAT, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices (version 2.9.3.2). Lausanne (Switzerland): Institute of Ecology.
22. Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser. 41:95-98.
23. Hedges S, Lawson D. 2006. Dung survey standards for the MIKE programme. Nairobi (Kenya). CITES MIKE Program.
24. Hood GM. 2004. PopTools version 2.6.2. Available from: http://www.poptools.org.
25. Johnson M, Clifford S, Goossens B, Nyakaana S, Curran B, White L, Wickings E, Bruford M. 2007. Complex phylogeographic history of central African forest elephants and its implications for taxonomy. BMC Evol Biol. 7:e244.
26. Kalinowski ST, Taper ML, Marshall TC. 2007. Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment. Mol Ecol. 16:1099-1106.
27. Kolowski JM, Blake S, Kock MD, Lee ME, Henderson A, Honorez A, Alonso A. 2010. Movements of four forest elephants in an oil concession in Gabon, Central Africa. Afr J Ecol. 48:1134-1138.
28. Laurance WF, Croes BM, Tchignoumba L, Lahm SA, Alonso A, Lee ME, Campbell P, Ondzeano C. 2006. Impacts of roads and hunting on central African rainforest mammals. Conserv Biol. 20:1251-1261. (Pubitemid 44116757)
29. Lynch M, Ritland K. 1999. Estimation of pairwise relatedness with molecular markers. Genetics. 152:1753-1766. (Pubitemid 29370352)
30. Manly BFJ. 2006. Randomization, bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods in biology. London: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
31. Morgan BJ, Lee PC. 2007. Forest elephant group composition, frugivory and coastal use in the Réserve de Faune du Petit Loango, Gabon. Afr J Ecol. 45:519-526. (Pubitemid 47631843)
32. Moss CJ, Poole JH. 1983. Relationships and social structure of African elephants. In: Hinde RA, editor. Primate social relationships: an integrated approach. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific. p. 315-325.
33. Munshi-South J, Tchignoumba L, Brown JL, Abbondanza N, Maldonado JE, Henderson A, Alfonso A. 2008. Physiological indicators of stress in African forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) in relation to petroleum operations in Gabon, Central Africa. Diversity Distrib. 14:993-1001.
34. Nyakaana S, Abe E, Arctander P, Siegismund H. 2001. DNA evidence for elephant social behaviour breakdown in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Anim Conserv. 4:231-237. (Pubitemid 33592286)
35. Nyakaana S, Arctander P. 1998. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. Mol Ecol. 7:1436-1437. (Pubitemid 28472054)
36. Paetkau D, 2003. An empirical exploration of data quality in DNA-based population inventories. Mol Ecol. 12:1375-1387. (Pubitemid 36708446)
37. Park SDE. 2001. Trypanotolerance in West African Cattle and the population genetic effects of selection. [PhD thesis]. Dublin, (Ireland): University of Dublin. Available from: http://animalgenomics.ucd.ie/sdepark/ms- toolkit/.
38. Queller DC, Goodnight KF. 1989. Estimating relatedness using genetic markers. Evolution. 43:258-275.
39. Ritland K, Travis S. 2004. Inferences involving individual coefficients of relatedness and inbreeding in natural populations of Abies. Forest Ecol Manage. 197:171-180. (Pubitemid 39033571)
40. Roca AL, Georgiadis N, OBrien SJ. 2005. Cytonuclear genomic dissociation in African elephant species. Nature Genet. 37:96-100. (Pubitemid 40070946)
41. Roca AL, Georgiadis N, OBrien SJ. 2007. Cyto-nuclear genomic dissociation and the African elephant species question. Quat Int. 169- 170:4-16. (Pubitemid 46979877)
42. Roca AL, Georgiadis N, Pecon-Slattery J, OBrien SJ. 2001. Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa. Science. 293:1473-1477. (Pubitemid 32801548)
43. Rozas J, Sanchez-DelBarrio JC, Messeguer X, Rozas R. 2003. DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods. Bioinformatics. 19:2496-2497. (Pubitemid 38016658)
44. Turkalo A, Fay M. 1995. Studying forest elephants by direct observation: preliminary results from teh Dzanga clearing, Central African Republic. Pachyderm. 20:45-54.
45. Van de Casteele T, Galbusera P, Matthysen E. 2001. A comparison of microsatellite-based pairwise relatedness estimators. Mol Ecol. 10: 1539-1549. (Pubitemid 32526126)
46. Vidya TNC, Sukumar R. 2005. Social organization of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in southern India inferred from microsatellite DNA. J Ethol. 23:205-210. (Pubitemid 41187692)
47. Wang J. 2002. An estimator for pairwise relatedness using molecular markers. Genetics. 160:1203-1215. (Pubitemid 34263480)
48. Wasser SK, Davenport B, Ramage ER, Hunt KE, Parker M, Clarke C, Stenhouse G. 2004. Scat detection dogs in wildlife research and management: application to grizzly and black bears in the Yellowhead Ecosystem, Alberta, Canada. Can J Zool. 82:475-492. (Pubitemid 38893119)
49. Wittemyer G, Douglas-Hamilton I, Getz W. 2005. The socioecology of elephants: analysis of the processes creating multitiered social structures. Anim Behav. 69:1357-1371. (Pubitemid 40793443)