Animal models of obsessive compulsive disorder: Recent findings and future directions

Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery

Volumn 6, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 725-737

  Hoffman, Kurt Leroy ^a  

^a DEPARTAMENTO DE FÍSICA   (Mexico)

Author keywords

animal model; compulsive lever pressing; deer mouse; obsessive compulsive disorder; quinpirole checking; spontaneous alternation

Indexed keywords

CLOMIPRAMINE; CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE; DEXAMPHETAMINE; DYNORPHIN; ENKEPHALIN; FLUOXETINE; HALOPERIDOL; METHYLPHENIDATE; MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR; RISPERIDONE;

AMNESIA; ANXIETY DISORDER; BASAL GANGLION; CONSCIOUSNESS; CONSTRUCT VALIDITY; DRUG RESPONSE; FACE VALIDITY; GROOMING; HUMAN; NESTING; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; OVARY CYCLE; PATHOGENESIS; POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT; PREDICTIVE VALIDITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; STEREOTYPY; UPREGULATION; VERBAL MEMORY; VISUAL MEMORY;

EID: 79959460577     PISSN: 17460441     EISSN: 1746045X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.577772     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Gibbs NA. Nonclinical populations in research on obsessive-compulsive disorder: a critical review. Clin Psychol Rev 1996;8:729-73 (Pubitemid 26427806)
2. Eichstedt JA, Arnold SL. Childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: a tic-related subtype of OCD? Clin Psychol Rev 2001;21:137-58
3. Mataix-Cols D, do Rosario Campos MC, Leckman JF. A multidimensional modelof obsessive-compulsive disorder.Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:228-38
4. Landeros-Weisenberger A, Bloch MH, Kelmendi B, et al. Dimensional predictors of response to SRI pharmacotherapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 2010;121:175-9
5. Summerfeldt LJ. Understanding and treating incompleteness in obsessive compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychol 2004;60:1155-68 (Pubitemid 39392088)
6. Pietrefesa AS, Coles ME. Moving beyond an exclusive focus on harm avoidance in obsessive-compulsive disorder: behavioral validation for the separability of harm avoidance and incompleteness. Behav Ther 2009;40:251-9
7. Ecker W, Gonner S. Incompleteness and harm avoidance in OCD symptom dimensions. Behav Res Ther 2008;46:895-904
8. Szechtman H, Woody E. Obsessive-compulsive disorder as a disturbance of security motivation. Psychol Rev 2004;111:111-27 (Pubitemid 38157078)
9. Miguel EC, do Rosario Campos MC, da Silva Prado H, et al. Sensory phenomena in obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette's disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61:150-6 (Pubitemid 30141652)
10. Bannon S, Gonsalvez CJ, Croft RJ, Boyce PM. Response inhibition deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2002;110:165-74 (Pubitemid 34607612)
11. Moritz S, Hottenrott B, Randjbar S, et al. Perseveration and not strategic deficits underlie delayed alternation impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2009;170:66-9
12. Nielen MM, den Boer JA, Smid HGOM. Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder are impaired in associative learning based on external feedback. Psychol Med 2009;39:1519-26
13. Starcke K, Tuschen-Caffier B, Markowitsch HJ, Brand M. Dissociation of decisions in ambiguous and risky situations in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2010;175:114-20
14. Goldman BL, Martin ED, Calamari JE, et al. Implicit learning, thought focused attention and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a replication and extension. Behav Res Ther 2008;46:48-61
15. Nakao T, Nakagawa A, Nakatani E, et al. Working memory dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a neuropsychological and functional MRI study. J Psychiatr Res 2009;43:784-91
16. Rampacher F, Lennertz L, Vogeley A, et al. Evidence for specific cognitive deficits in visual information processing in patients with OCD compared to patients with unipolar depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010;34:984-91
17. Janeck AS, Calamari JE, Riemann BC, Heffelfinger SK. Too much thinking about thinking? Metacognitive differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2003;17:181-95 (Pubitemid 36279495)
18. Exner C, Kohl A, Zaudig M, et al. Metacognition and episodic memory in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2009;23:624-31
19. Myers SG, Fisher PL, Wells A. Belief domains of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44) and their specific relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. J Anxiety Disord 2008;22:475-84 (Pubitemid 351375352)
20. Hermans D, Engelen U, Grouwels L, et al. Cognitive confidence in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Distrusting perception, attention and memory. Behav Res Ther 2008;46:98-113
21. Myers SG, Fisher PL, Wells A. An empirical test of the metacognitive model of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: fusion beliefs, beliefs about rituals, and stop signals. J Anxiety Disord 2009;23:436-42
22. Maltby N, Tolin DF, Worhunsky P, et al. Dysfunctional action monitoring hyperactivates frontal-striatal circuits in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage 2005;24:495-503 (Pubitemid 41359045)
23. Smith Y, Bevan MD, Shink E, Bolam JP. Microcircuitry of the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia. Neuroscience 1998;86:353-87 (Pubitemid 28293917)
24. Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Kelmendi B, et al. A systematic review: antipsychotic augmentation with treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2006;11:622-32 (Pubitemid 43989810)
25. Graybiel AM. The basal ganglia and chunking of action repertoires. Neurobiol Learn Mem 1998;70:119-36 (Pubitemid 28455587)
26. Korff S, Harvey BH. Animal models of obsessive-compulsive disorder: rationale to understanding psychobiology and pharmacology. Psychiatr Clin N Am 2006;29:371-90 (Pubitemid 44294451)
27. Zor R, Keren H, Hermesh H, et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a disorder of pessimal (non-functional) motor behavior. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009;120:288-98
28. Powell SB, Newman HA, Pendergast JF, Lewis MH. A rodent model of spontaneous stereotypy: initial characterization of developmental, environmental and neurobiological factors. Physiol Behav 1999;66:355-63 (Pubitemid 29206530)
29. Garner JP, Mason GJ. Evidence for a relationship between cage stereotypies and behavioural disinhibition in laboratory rodents. Behav Brain Res 2002;136:83-92 (Pubitemid 35246393)
30. Presti MF, Gibney BC, Lewis MH. Effects of intrastriatal administration of selective dopaminergic ligands on spontaneous stereotypy in mice. Physiol Behav 2004;80:433-9 (Pubitemid 38117018)
31. Vandebroek I, Odberg FO. Effect of apomorphine on the conflict-induced jumping stereotypy in bank voles. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997;57:863-8 (Pubitemid 27334437)
32. Korff S, Stein DJ, Harvey BH. Stereotypic behavior in the deer mouse: Pharmacological validation and relevance for obsessive compulsive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008;32:348-55 (Pubitemid 351178945)
33. Tanimura Y, Yang MC, Lewis MH. Procedural learning and cognitive flexibility in a mouse model of restricted, repetitive behaviour. Behav Brain Res 2008;189:250-6
34. Presti MF, Mikes HM, Lewis MH. Selective blockade of spontaneous motor stereotypy via intrastriatal pharmacological manipulation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;74:833-9 (Pubitemid 36351648)
35. Presti MF, Watson CJ, Kennedy RT, et al. Behavior-related alterations of striatal neurochemistry in a mouse model of stereotyped movement disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004;77:501-7 (Pubitemid 38296809)
36. Korff S, Stein DJ, Harvey BH. Cortico-striatal cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase-4 signalling and stereotypy in the deer mouse: attenuation after chronic fluoxetine treatment. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009;92:514-20
37. Guldenpfennig M, Wolmarans DW, Du Preez JL, et al. Cortico-striatal oxidative status, dopamine turnover and relation with stereotypyin the deer mouse. Physiol Behav 2011;103:404-11
38. Presti MF, Lewis MH. Striatal opioid peptide content in an animal model of spontaneous stereotypic behavior. Behav Brain Res 2005;157:363-8 (Pubitemid 40082579)
39. Tanimura Y, Vaziri S, Lewis MH. Indirect basal ganglia pathway mediation of repetitive behavior: attenuation by adenosine receptor agonists. Behav Brain Res 2010;210:116-22
40. Hollander E, Kim S, Braun A, et al. Cross-cutting issues and future directions for the OCD spectrum. Psychiatry Res 2009;170:3-6
41. Szechtman H, Sulis W, Eilam D. Quinpirole induces compulsive checking behavior in rats: a potential animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav Neurosci 1998;112:1475-85 (Pubitemid 29052635)
42. Eilam D, Szechtman H. Psychostimulant-induced behavior as an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder: an ethological approach to the form of compulsive rituals. CNS Spectr 2005;10:191-202 (Pubitemid 40489289)
43. Szechtman H, Eckert MJ, Tse WS, et al. Compulsive checking behavior of quinpirole-sensitized rats as an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): form and control. BMC Neurosci 2001;2:4
44. Einat H, Szechtman H. Perseveration without hyperlocomotion in a spontaneous alternation task in rats sensitized to the dopamine agonist quinpirole. Physiol Behav 1995;57:55-9
45. Borcherding BG, Keysor CS, Rapoport JL, et al. Motor/vocal tics and compulsive behaviors on stimulant drugs: Is there a common vulnerability? Psychiatry Res 1990;33:83-94 (Pubitemid 20241860)
46. Culver KE, Rosenfeld JM, Szechtman H. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor-induced blockade of locomotor sensitization to quinpirole: role of striatal dopamine uptake inhibition. Neuropharmacology 2002;43:385-93 (Pubitemid 35257930)
47. Culver KE, Szechtman H, Levant B. Altered dopamine D2-like receptor binding in rats with behavioral sensitization to quinpirole: effects of pre-treatment with Ro41-1049 Eur J Pharmacol 2008;592:67-72
48. Levant B. Novel drug interactions at D (2) dopamine receptors: modulation by [3H] quinpirole binding by monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Life Sci 2002;71:2691-700 (Pubitemid 35284135)
49. Perreault ML, Seeman P, Szechtman H. Kappa-opioid receptor stimulation quickens pathogenesis of compulsive checking in the quinpirole sensitization model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCDBehav Neurosci 2007;121:976-91 (Pubitemid 350051300)
50. Perreault ML, Graham D, Scattolon S, et al. Cotreatment with the kappa opioid agonist U69593 enhances locomotor sensitization to the D2/D3 dopamine agonist quinpirole and alters dopamine D2 receptor and prodynorphin mRNA expression in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007;194:485-96 (Pubitemid 47492986)
51. Mundt A, Klein J, Joel D, et al. High frequency stimulation of the nucleus accumbens core and shell reduces quinpirole-induced compulsive checking in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2009;29:2401-7
52. Winter C, Mundt A, Jalali R, et al. High frequency stimulation and temporary inactivation of the subthalamic nucleus reduce quinpirole-induced compulsive checking in rats. Exp Neurol 2008;210:217-28
53. Whishaw IQ, Gharbawie OA, Clark BJ, Lehmann H. The exploratory behavior of rats in an open environment optimizes security. Behav Brain Res 2006;171:230-9 (Pubitemid 43946496)
54. Dvorkin A, Perreault ML, Szechtman H. Development and temporal organization of compulsive checking induced by repeated injections of the dopamine agonist quinpirole in an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav Brain Res 2006;169:303-11
55. Yadin E, Friedman E, Bridger WH. Spontaneous alternation behavior: an animal model for obsessive-compulsive disorder? Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1991;40:311-15
56. Umathe SN, Vaghasiya JM, Jain NS, Dixit PV. Neurosteroids modulate compulsive and persistent behavior in rodents: implications for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Prog NeuroPsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009;33:1161-6
57. Fernandez-Guasti A, Ulloa RE, Nicolini H. Age differences in the sensitivity to clomipramine in an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003;166:195-201 (Pubitemid 36384764)
58. Agrati D, Fernandez-Guasti A, Zuluaga MJ, et al. Compulsive-like behaviour according to the sex and the reproductive stage of female rats. Behav Brain Res 2005;161:313-19 (Pubitemid 40732415)
59. Flaisher-Grinberg S, Albelda N, Gitter L, et al. Ovarian hormones modulate 'compulsive' lever-pressing in female rats. Horm Behav 2009;55:356-65
60. Labad J, Menchon JM, Alonso P, et al. Female reproductive cycle and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:428-35 (Pubitemid 40593570)
61. Joel D, Avisar A. Excessive lever pressing following post-training signal attenuation in rats: a possible model of obsessive-compulsive disorder? Behav Brain Res 2001;123:77-87 (Pubitemid 32506825)
62. Joel D, Doljansky J. Selective alleviation of compulsive lever pressing in rats by D1, but not D2 blockade: possible implications for the involvement of D1 receptors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;28:77-85
63. Flaisher-Grinberg S, Klavir O, Joel D. The role of 5-HT2A and 5HT2C receptors in the signal attenuation rat model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2008;11:811-25
64. Albelda N, Bar-On N, Joel D. The role of NMDA receptors in the signal attenuation rat model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010;210:13-24
65. Schilman EA, Klavir O, Winter C, et al. The role of the striatum in compulsive behavior in intact and orbitofrontal-cortex-lesioned rats: possible involvement of the serotonergic system. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010;35:1026-39
66. Winter C, Flash S, Klavir O, et al. The role of the subthalamic nucleus in 'compulsive' behavior in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2008;27:1902-11 (Pubitemid 351521474)
67. Klavir O, Flash S, Winter C, Joel D. High frequency stimulation and pharmacological inactivation of the subthalamic nucleus reduces 'compulsive' lever-pressing in rats. Exp Neurol 2009;215:101-9
68. Klavir O, Winter C, Joel D. High but not low frequency stimulation of both the globus pallidus and the entopeduncular nucleus reduces 'compulsive' lever-pressing in rats. Behav Brain Res 2011;216:84-93
69. Berridge KC, Fentress JC. Disruption of natural grooming chains after striatopallidal lesions. Psychobiology 1987;15:336-42
70. Berridge KC, Aldridge JW, Houchard KR, Zhuang X. Sequential super-stereotypy of an instinctive fixed action pattern in hyper-dopaminergic mutant mice: a model of obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette's. BMC Biol 2005;3:4
71. Greer JM, Capecchi MR. Hoxb8 is required for normal grooming behavior in mice. Neuron 2002;33:23-34 (Pubitemid 34088176)
72. Welch JM, Lu J, Rodriguiz RM, et al. Cortico-striatal synaptic defects and OCD-like behaviours in Sapap3-mutant mice. Nature 2007;448:894-900 (Pubitemid 47312780)
73. Bienvenu OJ, Wang Y, Shugart YY, et al. Sapap3 and pathological grooming in humans: Results from the OCD collaborative genetics study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009;150B:710-20
74. Zuchner S, Wendland JR, Ashley-Koch AE, et al. Multiple rare SAPAP3 missense variants in trichotillomania and OCD. Mol Psychiatry 2009;14:6-9
75. Shmelkov SV, Hormigo A, Jing D, et al. Slitrk5 deficiency impairs corticostriatal circuitry and leads to obsessive-compulsive-like behaviors in mice. Nat Med 2010;16:598-602
76. Abelson JF, Kwan KY, O'Roak BJ, et al. Sequence variants in SLITRK1 are associated with Tourette's syndrome. Science 2005;310:317-20 (Pubitemid 41457198)
77. Zuchner S, Cuccaro ML, Tran-Viet KN, et al. SLITRK1 mutations in trichotillomania. Mol Psychiatry 2006;11:887-9
78. Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Dombrowski P, et al. Systematic review: pharmacological and behavioral treatment for trichotillomania. Biol Psychiatry 2007;62:839-46 (Pubitemid 47488227)
79. Campbell KM, de Lecea L, Severynse DM, et al. OCD-like behaviors caused by a neuropotentiating transgene targeted to cortical and limbic D1+ neurons. J Neurosci 1999;19:5044-53 (Pubitemid 29270139)
80. Nordstrom EJ, Burton FH. A transgenic model of comorbid Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder circuitry. Mol Psychiatry 2002;7:617-25
81. McGrath MJ, Campbell KM, Parks CR III, Burton FH. Glutamatergic drugs exacerbate symptomatic behavior in a transgenic model of comorbid Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Brain Res 2000;877:23-30
82. Snider LA, Swedo SE. PANDAS: current status and directions for research. Mol Psychiatry 2004;9:900-7 (Pubitemid 39381954)
83. Hoffman KL, Hornig M, Yaddanapudi K, et al. A murine model for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. J Neurosci 2004;24:1780-91 (Pubitemid 38240976)
84. Yaddanapudi K, Hornig M, Serge R, et al. Passive transfer of streptococcus-induced antibodies reproduces behavioral disturbances in a mouse model of pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection. Mol Psychiatry 2010;15:712-26
85. Andersen SL, Greene-Colozzi EA, Sonntag KC. A novel, multiple symptom model of obsessive-compulsive-like behaviors in animals. Biol Psychiatry 2010;68:741-7
86. Feusner J, Hembacher E, Phillips KA. The mouse who couldn't stop washing: Pathologic grooming in animals and humans. CNS Spectr 2009;14:503-13
87. Pertusa A, Frost RO, Fullana MA, et al. Refining the diagnostic boundaries of compulsive hoarding: a critical review. Clin Psychol Rev 2010;30:371-86
88. An SK, Mataix-Cols D, Lawrence NS, et al. To discard or not to discard: the neural basis of hoarding symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2009;14:318-31
89. Hoffman KL, Rueda Morales RI. Toward an understanding of the neurobiology of "just right" perceptions: nest building in the female rabbit as a possible model for compulsive behavior and the perception of task completion. Behav Brain Res 2009;204:182-91
90. Baxter LR Jr, Schwartz JM, Bergman KS, et al. Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:681-9
91. Saxena S, Brody AL, Maidment KM, et al. Localized orbitofrontal and subcortical metabolic changes and predictors of response to paroxetine treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;21:683-93
92. Bhattahcharyya S, Chakraborty K. Glutamatergic dysfunction - Newer targets for anti-obsessional drugs. Rec Patents CNS Drug Discov 2007;2:47-55 (Pubitemid 46729090)
93. Ferre S, Agnati LF, Ciruela F, et al. Neurotransmitter receptor heteromers and their integrative role in 'local modules': the striatal spine module. Brain Res Rev 2007;55:55-67 (Pubitemid 47353823)
94. Hoque KE, Indorkar RP, Sammut S, West AR. Impact of dopamine-glutamate interactions on striatal neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010;207:571-81
95. Bao L, Avshalumov MV, Patel JC, et al. Mitochondria are the source of hydrogen peroxide for dynamic brain-cell signaling. J Neurosci 2009;29:9002-10
96. Atmaca M, Tezcan E, Kuloglu M, Ustundag B. Plasma nitrate values in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2005;59:621-3 (Pubitemid 41765765)
97. Ng F, Berk M, Dean O, Bush AI. Oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders: evidence base and therapeutic implications. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2008;11:851-76
98. Pacher P, Batkai S, Kunos G. The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2006;58:389-462 (Pubitemid 44394908)
99. Schindler F, Anghelescu I, Regen F, Jockers-Sherubl M. Improvement in refractory obsessive compulsive disorder with dronabinol. Am J Psychiatry 2008;165:536-7 (Pubitemid 351694302)
100. Muller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Prevedel H, et al. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective in the treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome: a 6-week randomized trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:459-65 (Pubitemid 36547292)