A functional neuroimaging analysis of the Trail Making Test-B: Implications for clinical application

Behavioural Neurology

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 159-171

  Allen, Mark D ^a   Owens, Tyler E ^a   Fong, Alina K ^b   Richards, Douglas R ^a  

^a BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UTAH VALLEY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

clinical fMRI; cognitive assessment; fMRI; neuropsychological assessment; Trail Making

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN REGION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; MALE; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST;

EID: 79959245263     PISSN: 09534180     EISSN: 18758584     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/BEN-2011-0278     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. E. Abraham, B.N. Axelrod and J.H. Ricker, Application of the oral trail making test to a mixed clinical sample, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 11 (1996), 697-701. (Pubitemid 27016921)
2. M.D. Allen and A. Fong, Clinical application of standardized cognitive assessment using fMRI. I. Matrix Reasoning, Behavioural Neurology 20 (2009a), 127-140.
3. M.D. Allen and A. Fong, Clinical application of standardized cognitive assessment using fMRI. II. Verbal Fluency, Behavioural Neurology 20 (2009b), 141-152.
4. C.V. Anderson, E.D. Bigler and D.D. Blatter, Frontal lobe lesions, diffuse damage, and neuropsychological functioning in traumatic brain-injured patients, Journal of Clinical Experimental Neuropsychology 17 (1995), 900-908. (Pubitemid 26020990)
5. J.R. Anderson, M.V. Albert and J.M. Fincham, Tracing problem solving in real time: fMRI analysis of the subject-paced Towerof Hanoi, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17 (2005), 1261-1274. (Pubitemid 41209219)
6. S. Basho, E. Palmer, M. Rubio, B. Wulfeck and R-A., Muller, Effects of generation mode in fMRI adaptations of semantic fluency: Paced production and overt speech, Neuropsycholo-gia 45 (2007), 1697-1706. (Pubitemid 46386123)
7. J.A. Bobholz, S.M. Rao, A.J. Saykin and N. Pliskin, Clinical use of functional magnetic resonance imaging: Reflections on the new CPT codes, Neuropsychology Review 17 (2007), 189-191. (Pubitemid 46889564)
8. G. Brown, Functional magnetic resonance imaging in clinical practice: Look before you leap, Neuropsychology Review 17 (2007), 103-106. (Pubitemid 46894681)
9. J.W. Brown and T.S. Braver, Learned predictions of error likelihood in the anterior cingulate cortex, Science 307 (2005), 1118-1121. (Pubitemid 40262119)
10. G. Bush, P. Luu and M.I. Posner, Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (2000), 215-222. (Pubitemid 30332147)
11. C.S. Carter, T.S. Braver, D.M. Barch, M.M. Botvinick, D.Noll and J.D. Cohen, Anterior cingulate cortex, error detection, and the online monitoring of performance, Science 280 (1998), 747-749. (Pubitemid 28243351)
12. F. Cazalis, R. Valabregue, M. Pelegrini-Issac, S. Asloun, T.W. Robbins and S. Granon, Individual differences in prefrontal cortical activation on the Tower of London planning task: Implication for effortful processing, European Journal of Neuro-science 17 (2003), 2219-2225. (Pubitemid 36717171)
13. S. Costafreda, C.H.Y. Fu, L. Lee., B. Everitt, M. Brammer and A. David, A systematic review and quantitative appraisal of fMRI studies of verbal fluency: Role of the left inferior frontal gyrus, Human Brian Mapping 27 (2006), 799-810. (Pubitemid 44522568)
14. J.M. Fincham, C.S. Carter, V. van Veen, V.A. Stenger and J.R. Anderson, Neural mechanisms of planning: a computational analysis using event-related fMRI, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (2002), 3346-3351. (Pubitemid 34240634)
15. C.L. Garn, M.D. Allen and J.D. Larsen, An fMRI study of sex differences in brain activation during object naming, Cortex 45 (2009), 610-618.
16. J. Hart, S.M. Rao and M. Nuwer, Clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology 20 (2007), 141-144. (Pubitemid 350195179)
17. R.L. Heilbronner, G.K. Henry, P. Buck, R.L. Adams and T. Fogle, Lateralized brain damage and performance on trail making A andB, Digit Span Forward and Backward, and TPT Memory and Location, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 6 (1991), 251-258.
18. R. Hester, J. J. Foxe, S. Molholm, M. Shpaner and H. Garavan, Neural mechanisms involved in error processing: a comparison of errors made with and without awareness, Neuroimage 27 (2005), 602-608. (Pubitemid 41139932)
19. S. Huettel, A. Song and G. McCarthy, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sunderland, MA: Sinauer, 2004.
20. J.G. Kerns, J.D. Cohen, A.W. MacDonald, R.Y. Cho, V.A. Stenger andC.S. Carter, Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control, Science 303 (2004), 1023-1026. (Pubitemid 38209708)
21. S. Konishi, M. Kawazu, I. Uchida, H. Kikyo, I. Asakura and Y. Miyashita, Contribution of working memory to transient activation in human inferior prefrontal cortex during performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Cerebral Cortex 9 (1999), 745-753. (Pubitemid 29514104)
22. C. Lamm, C. Windischberger, E. Moser and H. Bauer, The functional role of dorso-lateral premotor cortex during mental rotation: An event-related fMRI study separating cognitive processing steps using a novel task paradigm, Neuroimage 36 (2007), 1374-1386. (Pubitemid 47001736)
23. C.H. Lie, K. Specht, J.C. Marshall and G.R. Fink, Using fMRI to decompose the neural processes underlying the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Neuroimage 30 (2006), 1038-1049.
24. M.D. Lezak, Neuropsychological Assessment, Fourth Edition, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
25. T.T. Liu, Efficiency, power, and entropy in event-related fM-RI with multiple trial types: part II, Design of experiments, NeuroImage 21 (2004), 401-413. (Pubitemid 38115030)
26. T.T. Liu, L.R. Frank, E.C. Wong and R.B. Buxton, Detection power, estimation efficiency, and predictability in event-related fMRI, NeuroImage 13 (2001), 759-773. (Pubitemid 34184997)
27. A.W. MacDonald, J.D. Cohen, V.A. Stenger and C.S. Carter, Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control, Science 288 (2000), 1835-1838. (Pubitemid 30399023)
28. G. McCarthy, M. Luby, J. Gore and P. Goldman-Rakic, Infrequent events transiently activate human prefrontal and parietal cortex as measured by functional MRI, Journal of Neurophys-iology 77 (1997), 1630-1634. (Pubitemid 27137054)
29. M. Mitrushina, K. Boone, J. Razani and L. D'Elia, Handbook of Normative Data for Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
30. J. Moll, R. de Oliveira-Souza, F.T. Moll, I.E. Bramati and P.A. Andreiuolo, The cerebral correlates of set-shifting: an fMRI study of the trail making test, Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 60 (2002), 900-905. (Pubitemid 35439729)
31. D.J. Moser, R.E. Jorge, F. Manes, S. Paradiso, M.L. Benjamin and R.G. Robinson, Improved executive functioning following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, Neurology 58 (2002), 1288-1290. (Pubitemid 34411879)
32. O. Monchi, M. Petrides, V. Petre, K. Worsley and A. Dagher, Wisconsin card sorting revisited: Distinct neural circuits participating in different stages of the dask identified by event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, Journal of Neuroscience 21 (2001), 7733-7741. (Pubitemid 32904972)
33. C. Moritz, S. Johnson, K. McMillan, V. Haughton and E. Meyerland, Functional MRI neuroanatomic correlates of the Hooper Visual Organization Test, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 10 (2004), 939-947.
34. P. Nachev, C. Kennard and M. Husain, Functional role of the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas, Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9 (2008), 856-869.
35. S.D.Newman, P.A. Carpenter, S. VarmaandM.A.Just, Frontal and parietal participation in problem solving in the Tower of London: fMRI and computational modeling of planning and high-level perception, Neuropsychologia 41 (2003), 1668-1682. (Pubitemid 36900360)
36. S.D. Newman, J.A. Greco and D. Lee, An fMRI study of the Tower of London: a look at problem structure differences, Brain Research 1286 (2009), 123-132.
37. R.C. Oldfield, The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventory, Neuropsychologia 9 (1971), 97-113.
38. W.D. Penny, A.P. Holmes and K.J. Friston, Random effects analysis, In: R.S.J. Frackowiak, K.J. Friston, C. Frith, R. Dolan, K.J. Friston, C.J. Price, S. Zeki, Z. Ashburner and W.D. Penny, eds, Human Brain Function (2nd ed.), Academic Press, 2003.
39. V. Prabhakaran, J.A.L. Smith, J.E. Desmond, G.H. Glover and J.D. E. Gabrieli, Neural substrates of fluid reasoning: An fMRI study of neocortical activation during performance of the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test, Cognitive Psychology 33 (1997), 43-63. (Pubitemid 127384737)
40. R.M. Reitan and D. Wolfson, The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsy-chological Test Battery, Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychology Press, 1985.
41. R.M. Reitan and D. Wolfson, Consistency of responses on retesting among head-injured subjects in litigation versus head-injured subjects not in litigation, Appled Neuropsychol-ogy 2 (1995), 67-71.
42. W. Richter, R. Somorjai, R. Summers, M. Jarmasz, R.S. Menon, J.S. Gati, A.P. Georgopoulos, C. Tegeler, K. Ugurbil and S.G. Kim, Motor area activation during mental rotation studied by time-resolved single-trial fMRI, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 122 (2000), 310-320. (Pubitemid 30229562)
43. K.R. Ridderinkhof, M. Ullsperger, E.A. Crone and S. Nieuwenhuis, The role of the medial frontal cortex incognitive control, Science 306 (2004), 443-447. (Pubitemid 39372436)
44. K.R. Ridderinkhof, W.P. van den Wildenberg, S.J. Segalowitz and C.S. Carter, Neurocognitive mechanisms ofcognitive control: the role of prefrontal cortex in action selection, response inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based learning, Brain and Cognition 56 (2004), 129-140. (Pubitemid 39423876)
45. R. Schlosser, M.Hutchinson, S. Joseffer, H.Rusinek, A.Saari-maki, J. Stevenson, S.L. Dewey and J.D. Brodie, Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity in a verbal fluency task, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 64 (1998), 492-498. (Pubitemid 28195951)
46. S.J. Segalowitz, A. Unsal and J. Dywan, CNV evidence for the distinctiveness of frontal and posterior neural processes in a traumatic brain-injured population, Journal of Clinical Experimental Neuropsychology 14 (1992), 545-565.
47. M.L. Seghier, F. Lazeyras, A.J. Pegna, J.M. Annoni and A. Khateb, Group analysis and the subject factor in functional magnetic resonance imaging: analysis of fifty right-handed healthy subjects in a semantic language task, Human Brain Mapping 29 (2008), 461-477. (Pubitemid 351522139)
48. T.J. Silk, A. Vance, N. Rinehart, J.L. Bradshaw and R. Cunnington, Dysfunction in the fronto-parietal network in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): An fMRI study, Brain Imaging and Behavior 2 (2008), 123-131.
49. W.G. Snow, Aphasia Screening Test performance in patients with lateralized brain damage, Journal of Clinical Psychology 43 (1987), 266-271. (Pubitemid 17085228)
50. C. Stark and L. Squire, When zero is not zero: The problem of ambiguous baseline conditions in fMRI, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 98 (2001), 12760-12766.
51. E. Strauss, E. Sherman and O. Spreen, A Compendium of Neu-ropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary (3rd ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
52. D.T. Stuss, D.F. Benson, E.F. Kaplan, W.S. Weir and C. Della Malva, Leucotomized and nonleucotomized schizophrenics: comparison on tests of attention, Biological Psychiatry 16 (1981), 1085-1100. (Pubitemid 12242752)
53. D.T. Stuss, S.M. Bisschop, M.P. Alexander, B. Levine, D.Katz and D. Izukawa, The Trail Making Test: a study in focal lesion patients, Psychological Assessment 13 (2001), 230-239. (Pubitemid 32552945)
54. S.F. Taylor, E.R. Stern and W.J. Gehring, Neural systems for error monitoring: recent findings and theoretical perspectives, Neuroscientist 13 (2007), 160-172. (Pubitemid 46524318)
55. T.N. Tombaugh, Trail Making Test A and B: normative data stratified by age and education, Archives of Clinical Neuropsy-chology 19 (2004), 203-214. (Pubitemid 38316871)
56. N. Tzourio-Mazoyer, B. Landeau, D. Papathanassiou, F. Criv-ello, O. Etard, N. Delcroix, B. Mazoyer and M. Joliot, Automated anatomical labeling of activation in SPMusing a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain, Neuroimage 15 (2002), 273-289. (Pubitemid 34852226)
57. P. Weber, J. Lutschg and H. Fahnenstich, Cerebral hemody-namic changes in response to an executive function task in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 26 (2005), 105-111. (Pubitemid 40590547)
58. B. Yochim, J. Baldo, A. Nelson and D.C. Delis, D-KEFS Trail Making Test performance in patients with lateral prefrontal cortex lesions, Journal of the International Neuropsychologi-cal Society 13 (2007), 704-709. (Pubitemid 350017945)
59. K. Zakzanis, R. Mraz and S. Graham, An fMRI study of the Trail Making Test, Neuropsychologia 43 (2005), 1878-1886. (Pubitemid 41317404)