Whose "No Borders"? Achieving border liberalization for the right reasons

Refuge

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 107-120

  Gill, Nick ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IDEOLOGY; LIBERALIZATION; LIVING STANDARD; LOW INCOME POPULATION; MIGRATION; SOCIAL MOVEMENT; WELFARE IMPACT;

EID: 79958854572     PISSN: 02295113     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. William Hawkins and Erin Anderson, The Open Borders Lobby and the Nation's Security after 9/11 (Los Angeles: Center for the Study of Popular Culture, 2004).
2. The distinction between Open Borders and No Borders is, briefly, that Open Borders advocates argue for a world in which nation-states move towards freer border controls, while No Borders advocates occupy the more radical position that nation-state controls over borders are undesirable even if they are loosened. This distinction, however, is sometimes not clear in the literature and for this reason, although this paper uses "No Borders" the arguments made here can be equally well applied to an Open Borders discussion.
3. David Horowitz, foreword to The Open Borders Lobby and the Nations Security after 9/11, by William Hawkins and Erin Anderson (Los Angeles: Center for the Study of Popular Culture, 2004), 5.
4. Ash Amin and Nigel Thrift, "What's Left? Just the future" Antipode 37 (2005): 220.
5. David Turton, "Conceptualising Forced Migration" (working paper D, Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, 2003).
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7. MORI, Britain Today: Are We a Tolerant Nation" Attitudes to Race, Migration and Asylum Seeking Today. A Survey among the General Public for Reader's Digest Magazine (MORI: London, 2000);
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9. Horowitz, 6.
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11. Lisa Schuster, The Use and Abuse of Political Asylum in Britain and Germany (London: Frank Cass, 2003);
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13. Stephen Castles, "Why Migration Policies Fail" Ethnic and Racial Studies 27 (2004): 205.
14. Stephen Castles, Ethnic and Racial Studies Ibid., 207.
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18. See Gibney.
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24. Andrew Green, opinion in "Viewpoints: Should borders be open?" BBC News, April 13,2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/l/ hi/world/3512992.stm#Green.
25. Teresa Hayter, Open Borders: The Case against Migration Controls (London: Pluto Press, 2004).
26. Teresa Hayter, Open Borders: The Case against Migration Controls Ibid., 20.
27. Wayne Cornelius, "Controlling 'Unwanted' Migration: Lessons from the United States, 1993-2004" Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31 (2005): 775.
28. Jan Kunz and Mari Leinonen, "Europe without Borders: Rhetoric, Reality or Utopia?" in Migration without Borders, 137-160.
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30. Nicola Gilpin et al., The Impact of Free Movement of Workers from Central and Eastern Europe on the UK Labour Market Ibid., 48.
31. Joseph Carens, "The Philosopher and the Policymaker: Two Perspectives on the Ethics of Migration with Special Attention to the Problem of Restricting Asylum" in Migration Admissions: The Search for Workable Policies in Germany and the United States, ed. Joseph Carens (Providence: Berghahn Books, 1998), 3-50.
32. David Miller, "The Nation-State: A Modest Defence" in Political Restructuring in Europe: Ethical Perspectives, ed. David Miller (London: Routledge, 1994), 137-162.
33. Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defence of Pluralism and Equality (New York: Basic Books, 1983).
34. See Han Etzinger, "Open Borders and the Welfare State" in Migration without Borders, 119-136.
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36. Immigration Policy Centre, "The Disparity between Immigrant Workers and Unemployed Natives: Untying the Knot" Special Report, Part 3 of 3, produced by Rob Paral and Associates (2009), http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/ sites/default/files/docs/Part%203%20-%20Unemployed %20Natives%2008-17-09.pdf (accessed 7 January 2010).
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40. Charles Briggs and Clara Mantini-Briggs, Stories in the Time of Cholera: Racial Profiling During a Medical Nightmare (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003).
41. Alan Ingram, "Domopolitics and Disease: HIV/AIDS, Migration, and Asylum in the UK" Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 26 (2008): 875.
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44. Hamilton and Smith, 33.
45. David Smith, "Open Borders and Free Population Movement: A Challenge to Liberalism" in Spaces of Democracy: Geographical Persepctives on Citizenship, Participation and Representation, ed. Clive Barnett and Murray Low (London: Sage, 2004), 113-127.
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47. Joseph Nevins, "Dying for a Cup of Coffee? Migrant Deaths in the US-Mexico Border Region in a Neoliberal Age" Geopolitics 12 (2007): 228.
48. Joseph Nevins, Geopolitics Ibid., 229.
49. Donald Carter and Heather Merrill, "Bordering Humanism: Life and Death on the Margins of Europe" Geopolitics 12 (2007): 248.
50. Liz Fekete, "Death at the Border - Who is to Blame?" European Race Bulletin 44 (2003): 2-3.
51. Scarpellino (see note 41), 39.
52. See Gordon Myers and Yorgos Papageorgiou, "Towards a Better System for Migration Control" Journal of Regional Science 42 (2002): 51.
53. Paul Krugman, Geography and Trade (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993).
54. Peter Taylor, World City Network: A Global Urban Analysis (London: Routledge, 2004).
55. Ian Gordon and Philip McCann, "Industrial Clusters: Complexes, Agglomeration and/or Social Networks?" Urban Studies 37 (2000): 513.
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57. John O'Loughlin, "The Political Geography of Conflict: Civil Wars in the Hegemonic Shadow" in The Geographies of War, ed. Colin Flint (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 85-110.
58. Mary Kaldor, New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2004).
59. See Bob Jessop, State Theory: Putting Capitalist States in Their Place (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990).
60. Jason Riley, Let Them In: The Case for Open Borders (New York: Gotham Books, 2008).
61. Jason Riley, Let Them In: The Case for Open Borders Ibid., 69.
62. For a detailed examination of the under-utilization of refugee doctors' skills in the UK, for example, see Emma Stewart, A Bitter Pill to Swallow: Obstacles Facing Refugee Doctors in the UK (Geneva: UNHCR, 2003).
63. See Wendy Lamer, "Expatriate Experts and Globalising Governmentalities: The New Zealand Diaspora Strategy" Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 32 (2007): 331.
64. Riley (see note 55), 67-68.
65. Bonnie Honig, Democracy and the Foreigner (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003).
66. This point is also discussed at length in Ghassan Hage, White Nation: Fantasies of White Supremacy in a Multicultural Society (New York: Roudedge, 2000).
67. Riley, (see note 55), 216 and 224.
68. I use the word "incumbent" here to communicate occupation of a place without reference to any right to that occupation, which might be conveyed if I were to use "native" for example. Incumbent is a term taken from economics (the firm(s) that occupies a market is the incumbent, those that consider or seek to enter it are the newcomers). It is therefore intended to describe the fact of presence, without making a judgment about the naturalness of that presence.
69. See, for example, Kevin Hannam et al., "Editorial: Mobilities, Immobilities and Moorings" Mobilities 1 (2006): 1;
70. Alison Blunt, "Cultural Geographies of Migration: Mobility, Transnationality and Diaspora" Progress in Human Geography 31 (2007): 684.
71. Nadje Al-Ali and Khalid Koser, "Transnationalism, International Migration and Home" in New Approaches to Migration? Transnational Communities and the Transformation of Home, ed. Nadje Al-Ali and Khalid Koser (London: Routledge, 2002), 1-14;
72. Nicholas Van Hear, New Diasporas: The Mass Exodus, Dispersal and Regrouping of Migrant Communities (London: University College London Press, 1998).
73. Richard Sennett, The Corrosion of Character: The Personal Consequences of Work in the New Capitalism (New York: Norton, 1998).
74. Miranda Joseph, Against the Romance of Community (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2002).
75. Adrian Favell, Eurostars and Eurocities: Free Movement and Mobility in an Integrating Europe (Oxford: Blackwell, 2008).
76. Adrian Favell, Eurostars and Eurocities: Free Movement and Mobility in an Integrating Europe Ibid., 113.
77. Bob Sutcliffe, "Migration and Citizenship: Why Can Birds, Whales, Butterflies and Ants Cross International Frontiers More Easily Than Cows, Dogs and Human Beings?" in Migration and Mobility: The European Context, ed. Subrata Ghatak and Anne Showstack Sassoon (New York: Palgrave, 2001).
78. As Mimi Sheller and John Urry write, "Sedentarism treats as normal stability, meaning, and place, and treats as abnormal distance, change, and placelessness"; p. 208 in
79. "The New Mobilities Paradigm" Environment and Planning A 38 (2006): 207-226.
80. UNHCR, 1979, Chapter 1, Article 39, quoted in Migration without Borders, 16.
81. Jürgen Habermas and Seyla Ben-Habib, "Modernity versus Postmodernity" New German Critique 22 (1981): 5.
82. Slavoj Žižek, "Against Human Rights" New Left Review 34 (2005): 131.
83. Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001).
84. David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989), 344.
85. Catherine MacKinnon, Towards a Feminist Theory of the State (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989).
86. See Mollard;
87. Nissa Finney and Vaughan Robinson, "Local Press Negotiation and Contestation of National Discourses on Asylum Seeker Dispersal" Social and Cultural Geography 9 (2007): 397;
88. Carolynne Coole, "A Warm Welcome? Scottish and UK Media Reporting of an Asylum-Seeker Murder" Media, Culture and Society 24 (2002): 839.
89. Nicholas Van Hear, "'I Went as Far as My Money Would Take Me": Conflict, Forced Migration and Class" Working Paper 6, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS) (Oxford: University of Oxford, 2004).
90. Stephen Castles and Mark Miller, The Age of Migration (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003);
91. Stephen Castles, "Guestworkers in Europe: A Resurrection?" International Migration Institute 40 (2006): 741.