Neuroimaging social emotional processing in women: fMRI study of script-driven imagery

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 375-392

  Frewen, Paul A ^a   Dozois, David J A ^a   Neufeld, Richard W J ^a   Densmore, Maria ^a   Stevens, Todd K ^a,b   Lanius, Ruth A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^b ROBARTS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Amygdala; Medial prefrontal cortex; Social emotion; Temporal pole; Temporoparietal junction; Valence

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; CINGULATE GYRUS; EMOTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MIDDLE AGED; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARIETAL LOBE; PHYSIOLOGY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; TEMPORAL LOBE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMYGDALA; CEREBRAL CORTEX; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; GYRUS CINGULI; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MIDDLE AGED; PARIETAL LOBE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; TEMPORAL LOBE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79958776842     PISSN: 17495016     EISSN: 17495024     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsq047     Document Type: Article

References (128)

1. Anders, S., Eipper, F., Weiskopf, N., Veit, R. (2008). The human amygdala is sensitive to the valence of pictures and sounds irrespective of arousal: an fMRI study. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 3, 233-43.
2. Amin, Z., Constable, R.T., Canli, T. (2004). Attentional bias for valenced stimuli as a function of personality in the dot-probe task. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 15-23.
3. Amodio, D. M., Frith, C. D. (2006). Meeting of minds: the medial frontal cortex and social cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 268-77.
4. Anders, S., Lotze, M., Erb, M., Grodd, W., Birbaumer, N. (2004). Brain activity underlying emotional valence and arousal: a response-related fMRI study. Human Brain Mapping, 23, 200-9.
5. Arnone, D., Horder, J., Cowen, P.J., Harmer, C.J. (2009). Early effects of mirtazapine on emotional processing. Psychopharmacology, 203, 685-91.
6. Baas, D., Aleman, A., Kahn, R.S. (2004). Lateralization of amygdala activation: a systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies. Brain Research Reviews, 45, 96-103.
7. Baer, R.A., Smith, G.T., Allen, K.B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self report: the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11, 191-206.
8. Bagby, R.M., Parker, J.D.A., Taylor, G.J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-I: item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 23-32.
9. Bar, M. (2004). Visual objects in context. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 617-629.
10. Bar, M., Aminoff, E. (2003). Cortical analysis of visual context. Neuron, 38, 347-358.
11. Barrett, K.C., Campos, J.J. (1987). Perspectives on emotional development II: a functionalist approach to emotions. In: Osofsky, J.D., editor. Handbook of Infant Development, 2nd edn. Wiley Series on Personality Processes. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 555-78.
12. Barrett, L.F. (2006a). Emotions as natural kinds? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 28-58.
13. Barrett, L.F. (2006b). Solving the emotion paradox: categorization and the experience of emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 20-46.
14. Barrett, L.F. (2009). The future of psychology: connecting mind to brain. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 4, 326-39.
15. Berthoz, S., Armony, J.L., Blair, R.J.R., Dolan, R.J. (2002). An fMRI study of intential and unintentional (embarrassing) violations of social norms, metaperceptions of bias in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 92, 286-306.
16. Blakemore, S.-J., Winston, J., Frith, U. (2004). Social cognitive neuroscience: where are we heading? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 216-222.
17. Britton, J.C., Phan, K.L., Taylor, S.F., Welsh, R.C., Berridge, K.C., Liberzon, I. (2006a). Neural correlates of social and nonsocial emotions: an fMRI study. NeuroImage, 31, 397-409.
18. Britton, J.C., Taylor, S.F., Berridge, K.C., Mikels, J.A., Liberzon, I. (2006b). Differential subjective and psychophysiological responses to socially and nonsocially generated emotional stimuli. Emotion, 6, 150-5.
19. Buchheim, A., Erk, S., George, C., et al. (2008). Neural correlates of attachment trauma in borderline personality disorder: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 163, 223-35.
20. Buckner, R.L., Andrews-Hanna, J.R., Schacter, D.L. (2008). The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. In: Kingstone, A., Miller, M.B., editors. The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience 2008. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 1-38.
21. Cacioppo, J.T., Berntson, G.G., Larsen, J.T., Poehlmann, K.M., Ito, T.A. (2000). The psychophysiology of emotion. In: Lewis, M., Haviland-Jones, J.M., editors. Handbook of Emotions, 2nd edn. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 173-91.
22. Canli, T., Amin, Z., Haas, B., Omura, K., Constable, R.T. (2004). A double dissociation between mood states and personality traits in the anterior cingulate. Behavioral Neuroscience, 118, 897-904.
23. Canli, T., Zhao, Z., Desmond, J.E., Kang, E., Gross, J., Gabrieli, J.D.E. (2001). An fMRI study of personality influences on brain reactivity to emotional stimuli. Behavioral Neuroscience, 115, 33-42.
24. Carmona, J.E., Holland, A.K., Harrison, D.W. (2009). Extending the functional cerebral systems theory of emotion to the vestibular modality: a systematic and integrative approach. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 286-302.
25. Costafreda, S.G., Brammer, M.J., David, A.S., Fu, C.H.Y. (2008). Predictors of amygdala activation during the processing of emotional stimuli: a meta-analysis of 385 PET and fMRI studies. Brain Research Reviews, 58, 57-70.
26. Damasio, A.R. (1999). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers.
27. Damasio, A.R., Grabowski, T.J., Bechara, A., et al. (2000). Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 1049-56.
28. David, N., Aumann, C., Santos, N.S., et al. (2008). Differential involvement of the posterior temporal cortex in mentalizing but not perspective taking. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 3, 279-89.
29. Dunn, B.D., Stefanovitch, I., Buchan, K., Lawrence, A.D., Dalgleish, T. (2009). A reduction in positive self-judgment bias in uniquely related to the anhedonic symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 47, 374-81.
30. Eisenberger, N.I., Lieberman, M.D., Satpute, A.B. (2005). Personality from a controlled processing perspective: an fMRI study of neuroticism, extraversion, and self-consciousness. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 5, 169-81.
31. Eiser, J.R., Stafford, T., Fazio, R.H. (2008). Expectany confirmation in attitude learning: a connectionist account. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 1023-32.
32. Etkin, A., Wager, T.D. (2007). Functional neuroimaging of anxiety: a meta-analysis of emotional processing in PTSD, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1476-88.
33. Frewen, P.A., Dozois, D.J.A. (2006). Self-worth appraisal of life events and Beck's congruency model of depression vulnerability. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. Special Issue: Positive Psychology, 20(2), 231-40.
34. Frewen, P.A., Dozois, D.J.A., Joanisse, M.A., Neufeld, R.W.J. (2008). Selective attention to rewarding and threatening stimuli: neural-network modeling of probe detection-latency research. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 308-38.
35. Frewen, P.A., Lanius, R.A. (2006). Toward a psychobiology of posttraumatic self dysregulation: re-experiencing, hyperarousal, dissociation, and emotional numbing. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1071, 110-24.
36. Frewen, P.A., Dozois, D.J.A., Neufeld, R.W.J., et al. (2010). Social emotions & emotional valence during imagery in women with PTSD: affective and neural correlates. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, & Policy, 2, 145-57.
37. Forman, S.D., Cohen, J.D., Fitzgerald, M., Eddy, W.F., Mintun, M.A., Noll, D.C. (1995). Improved assessment of significant activation in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): use of a cluster-size threshold. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 33, 636-47.
38. Fotopoulou, A., Conway, M.A., Solms, M., Tyrer, S., Kopelman, M. (2008). Self-serving confabulation in prose recall. Neuropsychologia, 46(5), 1429-41.
39. Frith, U., Frith, C.D. (2003). Development and neurophysiology of mentalising. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences, 358, 459-73.
40. Frith, C. D., Frith, U. (2006). How we predict what other people are going to do? Brain Research, 1079(1), 36-46.
41. Fusar-Poli, P., Placentino, A., Carletti, F., et al. (2009). Functional atlas of emotional faces processing: a voxel-based meta-analysis of 105 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 34, 418-32.
42. Geday, J., Gjedde, A. (2009). Attention, emotion, and deactivation of default activity in inferior medial prefrontal cortex. Human Brain Mapping, 69, 344-52.
43. Genovese, C.R., Lazar, N.A., Nichols, T.E. (2002). Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate. NeuroImage, 15, 870-8.
44. Gilbert, S.J., Spengler, S., Simons, J.S., et al. (2006). Functional specialization within rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10): a meta-analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 932-48.
45. Gilbert, S.J., Williamson, I.D.M., Dumontheil, I., Simons, J.S., Frith, C.D., Burgess, P.W. (2007). Distinct regions of medial rostral prefrontal cortex supporting social and nonsocial functions. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 2, 217-26.
46. Gillihan, S.J., Farah, M.J. (2005). Is the self special? A critical review of evicence from experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 76-97.
47. Gratz, K. L., Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology & Behavioural Assessment, 26, 41-54.
48. Haas, B.W., Omura, K., Amin, Z., Constable, R.T., Canli, T. (2006). Functional connectivity with the anterior cingulate is associated with extraversion during the emotional Stroop task. Social Neuroscience, 1, 16-24.
49. Hareli, S., Parkinson, B. (2008). What's social about emotions? Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 38, 131-56.
50. Harenski, C.L., Antonenko, O., Shane, M.S., Kiehl., K.A. (2008). Gender differences in neural mechanisms underlying moral sensitivity. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 3, 313-21.
51. Heinzel, A., Bermpohl, F., Niese, R., et al. (2005). How do we modulate our emotions? Parametric fMRI reveals cortical midline structures as regions specifically involved in the processing of emotional valences. Cognitive Brain Research, 25, 348-58.
52. Holmes, E.A., Matthews, A. (2005). Mental imagery and emotion: a special relationship? Emotion, 5, 489-97.
53. Holmes, E. A., Matthews, A., Mackintosh, B., Dalgleish, T. (2008). The causal effect of mental imagery on emotion assessed using picture-word cues. Emotion, 8, 395-409.
54. Hooker, C.I., Verosky, S.C., Germine, L.T., Knight, R.T., D'E' sposito, M. (2008a). Mentalizing about emotion and its relationship to empathy. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 3, 204-17.
55. Hooker, C.I., Verosky, S.C., Miyakawa, A., Knight, R.T., D'E' sposito, M. (2008b). The influence of personality on neural mechanisms of observational fear and reward learning. Neuropsychologia, 46, 2709-24.
56. Hutcherson, C.A., Goldin, P.R., Ramel, W., McRae, K., Gross, J.J. (2008). Attention and emotion influence the relationship between extraversion and neural response. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 3, 71-9.
57. Kédia, G., Berthoz, S., Wessa, M., Hilton, M., Hilton, D., Martinot, J.C. (2008). An agent harms a victim: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on specific moral emotions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 1788-98.
58. Kensinger, E.A., Schacter, D.L. (2006). Processing emotional pictures and words: effects of valence and arousal. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 6, 110-26.
59. Kober, H., Feldman-Barrett, L., Joseph, J., Bliss-Moreau, E., Lindquist, K., Wager, T.D. (2008). Functional grouping and cortical-subcortical interactions in emotion: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. NeuroImage, 42, 998-1031.
60. Kringelbach, M.L., Rolls, E.T. (2004). The functional neuroanatomy of the human orbitofrontal cortex: evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychology. Progress in Neurobiology, 72, 341-72.
61. Kumari, V., Ffytche, D.H., Williams, S.C.R., Gray, J.A. (2004). Personality predicts brain responses to cognitive demands. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 10636-41.
62. Lane, R., Fink, G., Chua, M-L., Dolan, R. (1997). Neural activation during selective attention to subjective emotional responses. NeuroReport, 8, 3969-72.
63. Lane, R.D., McRae, K. (2004). Neural substrates of conscious emotional experience: A cognitive-neuroscientific perspective. In: Beauregard, M., editor. Consciousness, Emotional Self-regulation and the Brain. Amsterdam, Netherlands, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 87-112.
64. Larsen, J.T., Berntson, G.G., Poehlmann, K.M., Ito, T.A., Cacioppo, M.J. (2008). The psychophysiology of emotion. In: Lewis, M., Haviland-Jones, J.M., Barrett, L.F., editors. Handbook of Emotion, 3rd edn. New York, NY: Guilford Press, pp. 180-95.
65. Legrand, D., Ruby, P. (2009). What is self-specific? Theoretical investigation and critical review of neuroimaging results. Psychological Review, 116, 252-82.
66. Lewis, P.A., Critchley, H.D., Rothstein, P., Dolan, R.J. (2007). Neural correlates of processing valence and arousal in affective words. Cerebral Cortex, 17(3), 742-8.
67. Lewis, M.D., Todd, R.M. (2005). Getting emotional: a neural perspective on emotion, intention, and consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, Special Issue: Emotion Experience, 12(8-10), 210-35.
68. Liberzon, I., Martis, B. (2006). Neuroimaging studies of emotional responses in PTSD. In: Yehuda, R., editor. Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorders: A Decade of Progress, Vol. 1071. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 87-109.
69. Lieberman, M.D. (2007). Social cognitive neuroscience: a review of core processes. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 259-89.
70. Lovibond, S.H., Lovibond, P.F (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, 2nd edn. Sydney, Australia: The Psychology Foundation of Australia.
71. Mantani, T., Okamoto, Y., Shirao, N., Okada, G., Yamawaki, S. (2005). Reduced activation of posterior cingulate cortex during imagery in subjects with high degrees of alexithymia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 982-90.
72. Marci, C.D., Glick, D.B., Loh, R., Dougherty, D.D. (2007). Autonomic and prefrontal cortex responses to autobiographical recall of emotions. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 243-50.
73. Masten, C.L., Eisenberger, N.I., Borofsky, L.A., et al. (2009). Neural correlates of social exclusion during adolescence: Understanding the distress of peer rejection. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 4, 143-57.
74. McRae, K., Ochsner, K.N., Mauss, I.B., Gabrieli, J.J.D., Gross, J.J. (2008). Gender differences in emotion regulation: an fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 11, 143-162.
75. Mineka, S., c, D., Clark, L.A. (1998). Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 377-412.
76. Moore, M.T., Fresco, D.M. (2007). Depressive realism and attributional style: implications for individuals at risk for depression. Behavior Therapy, 38, 144-54.
77. Morigucchi, Y., Decety, J., Ohnishi, T., Maeda, M., Mori, T., Nemoto, K., Matsuda, H., Komaki, G. (2007). Empathy and judging other's pain: an fMRI study of alexithymia. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 2223-34.
78. Murphy, F.C., Nimmo-Smith, I., Lawrence, A.D. (2003). Functional neuroanatomy of emotions: a meta-analysis. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 3, 207-33.
79. Murphy, S.E., Longhitano, C., Ayres, R.E., Cowen, P.J., Harmer, C.J. (2006). Trytophan supplementation induces a positive bias in the processing of emotional material in healthy female volunteers. Psychopharamcology, 187, 121-30.
80. Naragon-Gainey, K., Watson, D., Markon, K.E. (2009). Differential relations of depression and social anxiety symptoms to the facets of extraversion/positive emotionality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 299-310.
81. Nawa, N.E., Nelson, E.E., Pine, D.S., Ernst, M. (2009). Do you make a difference? Social context in a betting task. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 3, 367-76.
82. Nielsen, A., Balslev, D., Hansen, L.K. (2005). Mining the posterior cingulate: segregation between memory and pain components. NeuroImage, 27, 520-32.
83. Northoff, G., Heinzel, A., de Greck, M., Bermpohl, F., Dobrowolny, H., Panksepp, J. (2006). Self-referential processing in our brain: a meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self. NeuroImage, 31, 440-57.
84. Northoff, G., Schneider, F., Rotte, M., et al. (2009). Differential parametric modulation of self-relatedness and emotions in different brain regions. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 369-82.
85. Oatley, K. (2009). Communications to self and others: emotional experience and its skills. Emotion Review, 1, 206-13.
86. Ochsner, K.N., Gross, J.J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(5), 242-9.
87. Ochsner, K.N., Gross, J.J. (2007). The neural architecture of emotion regulation. In: Gross, J.J., editor. Handbook of Emotion Regulation. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 87-109.
88. Ochsner, K.N., Knierim, K., Ludlow, D.H., et al. (2004). Reflecting upon feelings: an fMRI study of neural systems supporting the attribution of emotion to self and other. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16, 1746-72.
89. Öhman, A., Mineka, S. (2001). Fears, phobias, and preparedness: toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning. Psychological Review, 108(3), 483-522.
90. Onoda, K., Okamoto, Y., Nakashima, K., Nittono, H., Ura, M., Yamawaki, S. (2009). Decreased ventral anterior cingulated cortex activity is associated with reduced social pain during emotional support. Social Neuroscience, 4, 443-54.
91. Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective Neuroscience. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
92. Phan, K.L., Taylor, S.F., Welsh, R.C., et al. (2003). Activation of the medial prefrontal cortex and extended amygdala by individual ratings of emotional arousal: a fMRI study. Biological Psychiatry, 53, 211-5.
93. Phan, K.L., Wager, T., Taylor, S.F., Liberzon, I. (2002). Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: a meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. NeuroImage, 16, 331-48.
94. Posner, J., Russell, J.A., Gerber, A., et al. (2009). The neurophysiological bases of emotion: an fMRI study of the affective circumplex using emotion-denoting words. Human Brain Mapping, 30(3), 883-95.
95. Proverbio, A.M., Adorni, R., Zani, A., Trestianu, L. (2009). Sex differences in the brain response to affective scenes with or without humans. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2374-88.
96. Qin, J., Han, S. (2009). Parsing neural mechanisms of social and physical risk identifications. Human Brain Mapping, 30(4), 1338-51.
97. Ridout, N., Astell, A.J., Reid, I.C., Glen, T., O'Carroll, R.E. (2003). Memory bias for emotional facial expressions in major depression. Cognition & Emotion, 17, 101-22.
98. Rimé, B. (2009). Emotion elicits the social sharing of emotion: theory and empirical review. Emotion Review, 1, 60-85.
99. Roberts, R.C. (2009). Emotional consciousness and personal relationships. Emotion Review, 1, 281-8.
100. Rodebaugh, T.L., Woods, C.M., Thissen, D.M., Heimberg, R.G., Chambless, D.L., Rapee, R.M. (2004). More information from fewer questions: The factor structure and item properties of the original and brief fear of negative evaluation scale. Psychological Assessment, 16, 169-81.
101. Russell, J.A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 39, 1161-78.
102. Russell, J.A. (2003). Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review, 110, 145-72.
103. Salovey, P., Mayer, J.D., Goldman, S.L., Turvey, C., Palfai, T.P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: exploring emotional intelligence using the trait meta-mood scale. In: Pennedbaker, J.W., editor. Emotion, Disclosure, and Health. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 125-54.
104. Saxe, R., Moran, J.M., Scholz, J., Gabrieli, J. (2006). Overlapping and nonoverlapping brain regions for theory of mind and self reflection in individual subjects. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 1, 229-34.
105. Schmahmann, J.D., Sherman, J.C. (1998). The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. Brain, 121, 561-79.
106. Schmahmann, J.D., Weilburg, J., Sherman, J.C. (2007). The neuropsychiatry of the cerebellum: Insights from the clinic. Cerebellum, 6, 254-67.
107. Schmitz, T.W., Johnson, S.C. (2007). Relevance to self: a brief review and framework of neural systems underlying appraisal. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 31, 585-96.
108. Schnell, K., Dietrich, T., Schnitker, R., Daumann, J., Herpertz, S.C. (2007). Processing of autobiographical memory retrieval cues in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 97, 253-9.
109. Segal, Z.V., Gemar, M., Williams, S. (1999). Differential cognitive response to a mood challenge following successful cognitive therapy or pharmacotherapy for unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 3-10.
110. Segal, Z.V., Kennedy, S., Gemar, M., Hood, K., Pedersen, R., Buis, T. (2006). Cognitive reactivity to sad mood provocation and the prediction of depressive relapse. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 749-55.
111. Sheppes, G., Meiran, N., Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Shahar, G. (2008). Cognitive mechanisms underlying implicit negative self concept in dysphoria. Emotion, 8, 386-94.
112. Stanley, D.J., Meyer, J.P. (2009). Two-dimensional affective space: a new approach to orienting the axes. Emotion, 9, 214-37.
113. Stoodley, C.J., Schmahmann, J.D. (2009). The cerebellum and language: evidence from patients with cerebellar degeneration. Brain and Language, 110(3), 489-501.
114. Takahashi, H., Matsuura, M., Koeda, M., et al. (2008). Brain activations during judgments of positive self-conscious emotion and positive basic emotion: pride and joy. Cerebral Cortex, 18, 898-903.
115. Tracy, J.L., Robins, R.W. (2007). Emerging insights into the nature and function of pride. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 147-50.
116. Tracy, J.L., Robins, R.W., Tangney, J.P. (2007). The Self-conscious Emotions: Theory & Research. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
117. Uddin, L.Q., Iacoboni, M., Lange, C., Keenan, J.P. (2007). The self and social cognition: the role of cortical midline structures and mirror neurons. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 153-7.
118. Van Kleef, G.A. (2009). How emotions regulate social life: The emotions as social information (EASI) model. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 184-8.
119. Van Overwalle, F. (2009). Social cognition and the brain: a meta-analysis. Human Brain Mapping, 30(3), 829-58.
120. Vincent, J.L., Kahn, I., Snyder, A.Z., Raichle, M.E., Buckner, R.L. (2008). Evidence for a frontoparietal control system revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity. Journal of Neurophysiology, 100, 3328-42.
121. Wager, T. D., Barrett, L.F., Bliss-Moreau, E., et al. (2008). The neuroimaging of emotion. In: Lewis, M., Haviland-Jones, J.M., Barrett, L.F., editors. Handbook of Emotion, 3rd edn. New York, NY: Guilford Press, pp. 249-71.
122. Wager, T.D., Phan, K.L., Liberzon, I., Taylor, S.F. (2003). Valence, gender, and lateralization of functional brain anatomy in emotion: a meta-analysis of findings from neuroimaging. NeuroImage, 19, 513-31.
123. Watson, D., Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 219-35.
124. Watson, D., Wiese, D., Vaidya, J., Tellegen, A. (1999). The two general activation systems of affect: structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(5), 820-38.
125. Weeks, J.W., Heimberg, R.G., Fresco, D.M., et al. (2005). Empirical validation and psychometric evaluation of the brief fear of negative evaluation scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 17, 179-90.
126. Whitton, S.W., Larson, J.J., Hauser, S.T. (2008). Depressive symptoms and bias in perceived social competence among young adults. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64, 791-805.
127. Williams, J.M.G., Mathews, A., MacLeod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 3-24.
128. Zuroff, D.C., Mongrain, M., Santor, D. (2004). Conceptualizing and measuring personality vulnerability to depression: revisiting issues raised by Coyne and Whiffen (1995). Psychological Bulletin, 130, 489-511.