The human amygdala is sensitive to the valence of pictures and sounds irrespective of arousal: An fMRI study

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 233-243

  Anders, Silke ^a,d   Eippert, Falk ^a   Weiskopf, Nikolaus ^a,b   Veit, Ralf ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LÜBECK   (Germany)

Author keywords

Amygdala; Arousal; Auditory; Emotion dimensions; Skin conductance response; Startle reflex; Valence; Visual

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; AUDITORY STIMULATION; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN REGION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMOTIONALITY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM; STARTLE REFLEX; STIMULUS RESPONSE; VISUAL STIMULATION;

ACOUSTIC STIMULATION; ADULT; AMYGDALA; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; AROUSAL; AUDITORY PERCEPTION; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PHOTIC STIMULATION; REFERENCE VALUES; SENSORY GATING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 52249107487     PISSN: 17495016     EISSN: 17495024     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsn017     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Adolphs, R., Russell, J.A., Tranel, D. (1999). A role for the human amygdala in recognizing emotional arousal from unpleasant stimuli. Psychological Science, 10, 167-71.
2. Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., Damasio, A. (1994). Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expressions following bilateral damage to the human amygdala. Nature, 372(6507), 669-72.
3. Amaral, D.G., Price, J.L., Pitkänen, A., Carmichael, S.T. (1992). Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex. In: Aggleton, J., editor. The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory and Mental Dysfunction. New York: Wiley, pp. 1-66.
4. Anders, S., Birbaumer, N., Sadowski, B., Erb, M., Mader, I., Grodd, W., Lotze, M. (2004a). Parietal somatosensory association cortex mediates affective blindsight. Nature Neuroscience, 7(4), 339-40.
5. Anders, S., Lotze, M., Erb, M., Grodd, W., Birbaumer, N. (2004b). Brain activity underlying emotional valence and arousal: A response-related fMRI study. Human Brain Mapping, 23(4), 200-9.
6. Anders, S., Weiskopf, N., Lule, D., Birbaumer, N. (2004c). Infrared oculography-validation of a new method to monitor startle eyeblink amplitudes during fMRI. NeuroImage, 22(2), 767-70.
7. Anderson, A.K., Christoff, K., Stappen, I., et al. (2003). Dissociated neural representations of intensity and valence in human olfaction. Nature Neuroscience, 6(2), 196-202.
8. Anderson, A.K., Sobel, N. (2003). Dissociating intensity from valence as sensory inputs to emotion. Neuron, 39(4), 581-3.
9. Baumgart, F., Kaulisch, T., Tempelmann, C., et al. (1998). Electrodynamic headphones and woofers for application in magnetic resonance imaging scanners. Medicine and Physics, 25(10), 2068-70.
10. Bensafi, M., Rouby, C., Farget, V., Bertrand, B., Vigouroux, M., Holley, A. (2002). Psychophysiological correlates of affects in human olfaction. Neurophysiologie Clinique, 32(5), 326-32.
11. Berg, W.K., Balaban, M.T. (1999). Startle elicitation: Stimulus parameters, recording techniques, and quantification. In: Dawson, M.E., Schell, A.E., Boehmelt, A.H., editors. Startle Modification: Implications for Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, and Clinical Science Cambridge-Cambridge University Press.
12. Bradley, M.M., Lang, P.J, (1999). International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS): Stimuli, Instruction Manual and Affective Ratings. Technical Report B-2. FL: University of Florida, The Center for Research in Psychopysiology.
13. Bradley, M.M., Lang, P.J. (1994). Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(1), 49-59.
14. Bradley, M.M., Lang, P.J. (2000). Affective reactions to acoustic stimuli. Psychophysiology, 37(2), 204-15.
15. Breiter, H.C., Etcoff, N.L., Whalen, P.J., et al. (1996). Response and habituation of the human amygdala during visual processing of facial expression. Neuron, 17(5), 875-87.
16. Cacioppo, J., Bernston, G. (1994). Relationship between attitudes and evaluative space: A critical review with emphasis on the separability of positive and negative substrates. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 401-23.
17. Cunningham, W.A., Raye, C.L., Johnson, M.K. (2004). Implicit and explicit evaluation: FMRI correlates of valence, emotional intensity, and control in the processing of attitudes. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16(10), 1717 29.
18. Davis, M. (1992). The role of the amygdala in fear and anxiety. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 15, 353-75.
19. Dolcos, F., LaBar, K.S., Cabeza, R. (2004). Dissociable effects of arousal and valence on prefrontal activity indexing emotional evaluation and subsequent mernory: An event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage, 23 1), 64-74.
20. Ehrlichman, H., Bastone, L. (1992). Olfaction and emotion. In: Serby, M., Chobor, K.L. editors. Science of Olfaction. New york: springer, pp. 410-38.
21. Feldman Barrett, L., Russell, J.A. (1999). The structure of current affect: Controversies and emerging consensus. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 10-14.
22. Fontaine, J.R. Scherer, K.R., Roesch, E.B., Ellsworth, P.C. (2007). The world of emotions is not two-dimensional. Psycholocical Science, 18 12), 1050-7.
23. Friston, K.J., Penny, W.D., Glaser, D.E. (2005). Conjunction revisited. Neuroimage, 25(3), 661-7.
24. Garavan, H., Pendergrass, J.C., Ross, T.J., Stein, E.A,, Risinger, R.C. (2001). Amygdala response to both positively and negatively valenced stimuli. Neuroreport, 12(12), 2779-83.
25. Glascher, J., Adolphs, R. (2003). Processing of the arousal of subliminal and supraliminal emotional stimuli by the human amygdala. Journal of Neuroscience, 23(32), 10274-82.
26. Grill-Spector, K., Malach, R. (2001). fMR-adaptation: A tool for studying the functional properties of human cortical neurons. Acta Psychologica, 107(1-3), 293-321.
27. Hamann, S. (2003). Nosing in on the emotional brain. Nature Neurosci, 6(2), 106-8.
28. Hamann, S., Mao, H. (2002). Positive and negative emotional verbal stimuli elicit activity in the left amygdala. Neuroreport, 13(1), 15-9.
29. Hamann, S.B., Ely, T.D., Hoffman, J.M., Kilts, C.D. (2002). Ecstasy and agony: Activation of the human amygdala in positive and negative emotion. Psychological Science, 13(2), 135-41.
30. Hamm, A.O., Weike, A.I., Schupp, H.T., Treig, T., Dressel, A., Kessler, C. (2003). Affective blindsight: Intact fear conditioning to a visual cue in a cortically blind patient. Brain, 126(Pt 2), 267-75.
31. Hariri, A.R., Bookheimer, S.Y., Mazziotta, J.C. (2000). Modulating emotional responses: Effects of a neocortical network on the limbic system. Neuroreport, 11(1), 43-8.
32. Hariri, A.R., Mattay, V.S., Tessitore, A., Fera, F., Weinberger, D.R. (2003). Neocortical modulation of the amygdala response to fearful stimuli. Biological Psychiatry, 53(6), 494-501.
33. Jancke, L., Shah, N.J., Posse, S., Grosse-Ryuken, M., Muller-Gartner, H.W. (1998). Intensity coding of auditory stimuli: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 36(9), 875-83.
34. Junghofer, M., Bradley, M.M., Elbert, T.R., Lang, P.J. (2001). Fleeting images: A new look at early emotion discrimination. Psychophysiology, 38(2), 175-8.
35. Kensinger, E.A., Corkin, S. (2004). Two routes to emotional memory: distinct neural processes for valence and arousal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 101(9), 3310-5.
36. Lang, P. (1980). Behavioral treatment and bio-behavioral assessment: computer applications. In Sidowski, J.B., Johnsons, J.H., Wlliams, T.A., editors. Technology in Mental Health Care Delivery Systems. New Jersey: Alex Publishing, pp. 119-137.
37. Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M., Cuthbert, B.N. (1997). International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Technical Manual and Affective Ratings NIMH Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention.
38. LeDoux, J.E. (1995). Emotion: Clues from the brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 209-35.
39. LeDoux, J.E. (1996). The Emotional Brain. New York: Simon & Schuster.
40. Lewis, P.A., Critchley, H.D., Rotshtein, P., Dolan, R.J. (2007). Neural correlates of processing valence and arousal in affective words. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 742-8.
41. Liberzon, I., Phan, K.L., Decker, L.R., Taylor, S.F. (2003). Extended amygdala and emotional salience: A PET activation study of positive and negative affect. Neuropsychopharmacology, 28(4), 726-33.
42. McDonald, A.J. (1998). Cortical pathways to the mammalian amygdala. Progress in Neurobiology, 55(3), 257-332.
43. Mohamed, F.B., Pinus, A.B., Faro, S.H., Patel, D., Tracy, J.I. (2002). BOLD fMRI of the visual cortex: Quantitative responses measured with a graded stimulus at 1.5 Tesla. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 16(2), 128-36.
44. Morris, J.S., DeGelder, B., Weiskrantz, L., Dolan, R.J. (2001). Differential extrageniculostriate and amygdala responses to presentation of emotional faces in a cortically blind field. Brain, 124(Pt 6), 1241-52.
45. Morris, J.S., Frith, C.D., Perrett, D.I., et al. (1996). A differential neural response in the human amygdala. to fearful and happy facial expressions. Nature, 383(6603), 812-5.
46. Mourao-Miranda, I., Volchan, E., Moll, J., et al. (2003). Contributions of stimulus valence and arousal to visual activation during emotional perception. Neuroimage, 20(4), 1955-63.
47. Nichols, T., Brett, M., Andersson, J., Wager, T., Poline, J.B. (2005). Valid conjunction inference with the minimum statistic. Neuroimage, 25(3), 653-60.
48. Phan, K.L., Taylor, S.F., Welsh, R.C., et al. (2003). Activation of the medial prefrontal cortex and extended amygdala by individual ratings of emotional arousal: A fMRI study. Biological Psychiatry, 53(3), 211-5.
49. Phan, K.L., Taylor, S.F., Welsh, R.C., Ho, S.H., Britton, J.C., Liberzon, I. (2004). Neural correlates of individual ratings of emotional salience: A trial-related fMRI study. Neuroimage, 21(2), 768-80.
50. Phan, K.L., Wager, T., Taylor, S.F., Liberzon, I. (2002). Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. Neuroimage, 16(2), 331-48.
51. Robinson, M.D. (1998). Running from William James' bear: A review of preattentive mechanisms and their contributions to emotional experience. Cognition and Emotion, 12(5), 667-96.
52. Royet, J.P., Zald, D., Versace, R., et al. (2000). Emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant olfactory, visual, and auditory stimuli: A positron emission tomography study. Journal of Neuroscience, 20 20), 7752-9.
53. Russell, J.A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(6), 1161-78.
54. Sabatinelli, D., Bradley, M.M., Fitzsimmons, J.R., Lang, P.J. (2005). Parallel amygdala and inferotemporal activation reflect emotional intensity and fear relevance. Neuroimage, 24(4), 1265-70.
55. Schiffman, S.S. (1974), Physicochemical correlates of olfactory quality. Science, 185(146), 112-7.
56. Small, D.M., Gregory, M.D., Mak, Y.E., Gitelman, D., Mesulam, M.M., Parrish, T. (2003). Dissociation of neural representation of intensity and affective valuation in human gustation. Neuron, 39(4), 701-11.
57. Swanson, L.W., Petrovich, G.D. (1998). What is the amygdala? Trends in Neurosciences, 21(8), 323-31.
58. Taylor, S.F., Liberzon, I., Koeppe, R.A. (2000). The effect of graded aversive stimuli on limbic and visual activation. Neuropsychologia, 38(10), 1415-25.
59. Taylor, S.F., Phan, K.L., Decker, L.R., Liberzon, I. (2003). Subjective rating of emotionally salient stimuli modulates neural activity. Neuroimage, 18(3), 650-9.
60. Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Landeau, B., Papathanassiou, D., et al. (2002). Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain. Neuroimage, 15(1), 273-89.
61. Vrana, S.R., Spence, E.L., Lang, P.J. (1988). The startle probe response: A new measure of emotion? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97(4), 487-91.
62. Williams, L.M., Liddell, B.J., Rathjen, J., et al. (2004a). Mapping the time course of nonconscious and conscious perception of fear: An integration of central and peripheral measures. Human Brain Mapping, 21(2), 64-74.
63. Williams, M.A., Mattingley, J.B. (2004b). Unconscious perception of non-threatening facial emotion in parietal extinction. Experimental Brain Research, 154(4), 403-6.
64. Williams, M.A., McGlone, F., Abbott, D.F., Mattingley, J.B. (2005). Differential amygdala responses to happy and fearful facial expressions depend on selective attention. Neuroimage, 24(2), 417-25.
65. Winston, J.S., Gottfried, J.A., Kilner, J.M., Dolan, R.J. (2005). Integrated neural representations of odor intensity and affective valence in human amygdala. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(39), 8903-7.
66. Wundt, W. (1913). Grundriss der Psychologie. Leipzig: Alfred Kr_fdoner.
67. Yang, T.T., Menon, V., Eliez, S., et al. (2002). Amygdalar activation associated with positive and negative facial expressions. Neuroreport, 13(14), 1737-41.
68. Yik, M.S.M., Russell, J.A. (1999). Structure of self-reported current affect: Integration and beyond. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 600-9.
69. Zald, D.H. (2003). The human amygdala and the emotional evaluation of sensory stimuli. Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews, 41(1), 88-123.