메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 139, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1419-1446

Composite analysis of north atlantic extratropical cyclones in NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data

Author keywords

Air sea interaction; Extratropical cyclones; North Atlantic Ocean; Synoptic climatology; Winter cool season

Indexed keywords

AIR SEA INTERACTIONS; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; WINTER/COOL SEASON;

EID: 79958763050     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2010MWR3294.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (95)

References (105)
  • 1
    • 0014857654 scopus 로고
    • A new method of interpolation and smooth curve fitting based on local procedures
    • Akima, H., 1970: A new method of interpolation and smooth curve fitting based on local procedures. J. Assoc. Comput. Mach., 17, 589-602.
    • (1970) J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. , vol.17 , pp. 589-602
    • Akima, H.1
  • 2
    • 0031427264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface flux variability over the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans
    • Alexander, M. A., and J. D. Scott, 1997: Surface flux variability over the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. J. Climate, 10, 2963-2978.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 2963-2978
    • Alexander, M.A.1    Scott, J.D.2
  • 3
    • 18844480306 scopus 로고
    • Wintertime air-sea interaction processes across the Gulf Stream
    • Bane, J. M., Jr., and K. E. Osgood, 1989: Wintertime air-sea interaction processes across the Gulf Stream. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 755-772.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 755-772
    • Bane Jr., J.M.1    Osgood, K.E.2
  • 4
    • 33646438835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of enhanced integrated water vapor bands associated with extratropical cyclones: Their formation and connection to tropical moisture
    • Bao, J.-W., S. A. Michelson, P. J. Neiman, F. M. Ralph, and J. M. Wilczak, 2006: Interpretation of enhanced integrated water vapor bands associated with extratropical cyclones: Their formation and connection to tropical moisture. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 1063-1080.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 1063-1080
    • Bao, J.-W.1    Michelson, S.A.2    Neiman, P.J.3    Ralph, F.M.4    Wilczak, J.M.5
  • 5
    • 33644666458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composite analysis of winter cyclones in a GCM: Influence on climatological humidity
    • Bauer, M., and A. D. Del Genio, 2006: Composite analysis of winter cyclones in a GCM: Influence on climatological humidity. J. Climate, 19, 1652-1672.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 1652-1672
    • Bauer, M.1    Del Genio, A.D.2
  • 6
    • 8744265038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the ERA40 reanalysis to the observing system: Determination of the global atmospheric circulation from reduced observations
    • Bengtsson, L., K. I. Hodges, and S. Hagemann, 2004: Sensitivity of the ERA40 reanalysis to the observing system: Determination of the global atmospheric circulation from reduced observations. Tellus, 56A, 456-471.
    • (2004) Tellus , vol.56 A , pp. 456-471
    • Bengtsson, L.1    Hodges, K.I.2    Hagemann, S.3
  • 7
    • 66849119215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will extratropical storms intensify in a warmer climate?
    • Bengtsson, L., K. I. Hodges, and N. Keenlyside, 2009: Will extratropical storms intensify in a warmer climate? J. Climate, 22, 2276-2301.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 2276-2301
    • Bengtsson, L.1    Hodges, K.I.2    Keenlyside, N.3
  • 8
    • 33646883679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing 20 years of precipitation estimates from different sources over the World Ocean
    • Béranger, K., B. Barnier, S. Gulev, and M. Crépon, 2006: Comparing 20 years of precipitation estimates from different sources over the World Ocean. Ocean Dyn., 56, 104-138.
    • (2006) Ocean Dyn , vol.56 , pp. 104-138
    • Béranger, K.1    Barnier, B.2    Gulev, S.3    Crépon, M.4
  • 9
    • 68949207911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new air-sea interaction gridded dataset from ICOADS with uncertainty
    • Berry, D. I., and E. C. Kent, 2009: A new air-sea interaction gridded dataset from ICOADS with uncertainty. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 90, 645-656.
    • (2009) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.90 , pp. 645-656
    • Berry, D.I.1    Kent, E.C.2
  • 10
    • 0030815057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of cyclone track regimes in the North Atlantic
    • Blender, R., K. Fraedrich, and F. Lunkeit, 1997: Identification of cyclone track regimes in the North Atlantic. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 727-741.
    • (1997) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.123 , pp. 727-741
    • Blender, R.1    Fraedrich, K.2    Lunkeit, F.3
  • 11
    • 27744501070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The North Atlantic Oscillation signal in a regional climate simulation for the European region
    • Bojariu, R., and F. Giorgi, 2005: The North Atlantic Oscillation signal in a regional climate simulation for the European region. Tellus, 57A, 641-653.
    • (2005) Tellus , vol.57 A , pp. 641-653
    • Bojariu, R.1    Giorgi, F.2
  • 12
    • 42549117882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional weather patterns during anomalous air-sea fluxes at the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO)
    • Bond, N. A., and M. F. Cronin, 2008: Regional weather patterns during anomalous air-sea fluxes at the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO). J. Climate, 21, 1680-1697.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 1680-1697
    • Bond, N.A.1    Cronin, M.F.2
  • 13
    • 41949113718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential vorticity (PV) thinking in operations: The utility of nonconservation
    • Brennan, M. J., G. M. Lackmann, and K. M. Mahoney, 2008: Potential vorticity (PV) thinking in operations: The utility of nonconservation. Wea. Forecasting, 23, 168-182.
    • (2008) Wea. Forecasting , vol.23 , pp. 168-182
    • Brennan, M.J.1    Lackmann, G.M.2    Mahoney, K.M.3
  • 14
    • 0001926665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale aspects of extratropical cyclones: An observational perspective
    • M. A. Shapiro and S. Gronås, Eds., Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Browning, K. A., 1999: Mesoscale aspects of extratropical cyclones: An observational perspective. The Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones, M. A. Shapiro and S. Gronås, Eds., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 265-283.
    • (1999) The Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones , pp. 265-283
    • Browning, K.A.1
  • 16
    • 1442291063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid-Latitude Weather Systems
    • Carlson, T. N., 1998: Mid-Latitude Weather Systems. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 507 pp.
    • (1998) Amer. Meteor. Soc. , pp. 507
    • Carlson, T.N.1
  • 17
    • 0023524796 scopus 로고
    • Observed dynamic structure of an intense oceanic cyclone
    • Chang, C.-B., D. J. Perkey, and W.-D. Chen, 1987: Observed dynamic structure of an intense oceanic cyclone. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1127-1139.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 1127-1139
    • Chang, C.-B.1    Perkey, D.J.2    Chen, W.-D.3
  • 18
    • 33645978767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seasonal cycles in the distribution of precipitation around cyclones in the western North Pacific and Atlantic
    • Chang, E. K. M., and S. Song, 2006: The seasonal cycles in the distribution of precipitation around cyclones in the western North Pacific and Atlantic. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 815-839.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 815-839
    • Chang, E.K.M.1    Song, S.2
  • 19
    • 0027072603 scopus 로고
    • An air-sea interaction model for cold-air outbreaks
    • Chao, S.-Y., 1992: An air-sea interaction model for cold-air outbreaks. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 821-842.
    • (1992) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.22 , pp. 821-842
    • Chao, S.-Y.1
  • 20
    • 64149101353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of North Atlantic cyclones
    • Dacre, H. F., and S. L. Gray, 2009: The spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of North Atlantic cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 99-115.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 99-115
    • Dacre, H.F.1    Gray, S.L.2
  • 21
    • 0141788203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes: Updates and verification for the COARE algorithm
    • Fairall, C. W., E. F. Bradley, J. E. Hare, A. A. Grachev, and J. B. Edson, 2003: Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes: Updates and verification for the COARE algorithm. J. Climate, 16, 571-591.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 571-591
    • Fairall, C.W.1    Bradley, E.F.2    Hare, J.E.3    Grachev, A.A.4    Edson, J.B.5
  • 22
    • 33846935190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation and cloud structure in midlatitude cyclones
    • Field, P. R., and R. Wood, 2007: Precipitation and cloud structure in midlatitude cyclones. J. Climate, 20, 233-254.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 233-254
    • Field, P.R.1    Wood, R.2
  • 23
    • 60749112093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midlatitude cyclone compositing to constrain climate model behavior using satellite observations
    • Field, P. R., A. Gettelman, R. B. Neale, R. Wood, P. J. Rasch, and H. Morrison, 2008: Midlatitude cyclone compositing to constrain climate model behavior using satellite observations. J. Climate, 21, 5887-5903.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 5887-5903
    • Field, P.R.1    Gettelman, A.2    Neale, R.B.3    Wood, R.4    Rasch, P.J.5    Morrison, H.6
  • 24
    • 0026276835 scopus 로고
    • Latent heat release in an extratropical cyclone that developed explosively over the southeastern United States
    • Fosdick, E. K., and P. J. Smith, 1991: Latent heat release in an extratropical cyclone that developed explosively over the southeastern United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 193-207.
    • (1991) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.119 , pp. 193-207
    • Fosdick, E.K.1    Smith, P.J.2
  • 25
    • 0035883259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of the North Atlantic cyclone activity in winter analyzed from NCEP-NCAR re-analysis data
    • Geng, Q., and M. Sugi, 2001: Variability of the North Atlantic cyclone activity in winter analyzed from NCEP-NCAR re-analysis data. J. Climate, 14, 3863-3873.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 3863-3873
    • Geng, Q.1    Sugi, M.2
  • 26
    • 0035359606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of cyclogenesis to sea surface temperature in the northwestern Atlantic
    • Giordani, H., and G. Caniaux, 2001: Sensitivity of cyclogenesis to sea surface temperature in the northwestern Atlantic. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1273-1295.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 1273-1295
    • Giordani, H.1    Caniaux, G.2
  • 27
    • 0033754339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of frontal cyclone surface and 300-hPa geostrophic kinetic energy distribution and scale change
    • Grotjahn, R., and C. Castello, 2000: A study of frontal cyclone surface and 300-hPa geostrophic kinetic energy distribution and scale change. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2865-2874.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 2865-2874
    • Grotjahn, R.1    Castello, C.2
  • 28
    • 0034834037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extratropical cyclone variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data
    • Gulev, S. K., O. Zolina, and S. Grigoriev, 2001: Extratropical cyclone variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. Climate Dyn., 17, 795-809.
    • (2001) Climate Dyn , vol.17 , pp. 795-809
    • Gulev, S.K.1    Zolina, O.2    Grigoriev, S.3
  • 29
    • 0037091246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual and seasonal variability in the intensities of synoptic-scale processes in the North Atlantic midlatitudes from the NCEP-NCAR re-analysis data
    • Gulev, S. K., T. Jung, and E. Ruprecht, 2002: Interannual and seasonal variability in the intensities of synoptic-scale processes in the North Atlantic midlatitudes from the NCEP-NCAR re-analysis data. J. Climate, 15, 809-828.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 809-828
    • Gulev, S.K.1    Jung, T.2    Ruprecht, E.3
  • 30
    • 33846898007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the impact of sampling errors in the VOS observations on air-sea fluxes. Part I: Uncertainties in climate means
    • Gulev, S. K., T. Jung, and E. Ruprecht, 2007: Estimation of the impact of sampling errors in the VOS observations on air-sea fluxes. Part I: Uncertainties in climate means. J. Climate, 20, 279-301.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 279-301
    • Gulev, S.K.1    Jung, T.2    Ruprecht, E.3
  • 31
    • 84981677041 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms influencing the distribution of precipitation within baroclinic disturbances
    • Harrold, T. W., 1973: Mechanisms influencing the distribution of precipitation within baroclinic disturbances. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 99, 232-251.
    • (1973) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.99 , pp. 232-251
    • Harrold, T.W.1
  • 32
    • 33645307092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synoptic composites of the extratropical transition life cycle of North Atlantic tropical cyclones: Factors determining posttransition evolution
    • Hart, R. E., J. L. Evans, and C. Evans, 2006: Synoptic composites of the extratropical transition life cycle of North Atlantic tropical cyclones: Factors determining posttransition evolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 553-578.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 553-578
    • Hart, R.E.1    Evans, J.L.2    Evans, C.3
  • 33
    • 0000316389 scopus 로고
    • Stochastic climate models, Part 1: Theory
    • Hasselmann, K., 1976: Stochastic climate models, Part 1: Theory. Tellus, 28, 473-485.
    • (1976) Tellus , vol.28 , pp. 473-485
    • Hasselmann, K.1
  • 34
    • 0034351717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial surface pressure trends in the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica
    • Hines, K. M., D. H. Bromwich, and G. J. Marshall, 2000: Artificial surface pressure trends in the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica. J. Climate, 13, 3940-3952.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 3940-3952
    • Hines, K.M.1    Bromwich, D.H.2    Marshall, G.J.3
  • 35
    • 0028572982 scopus 로고
    • A general method for tracking analysis and its application to meteorological data
    • Hodges, K. I., 1994: A general method for tracking analysis and its application to meteorological data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2573-2586.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 2573-2586
    • Hodges, K.I.1
  • 36
    • 0141906313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of recent reanalysis datasets using objective feature tracking: Storm tracks and tropical easterly waves
    • Hodges, K. I., B. J. Hoskins, J. Boyle, and C. Thorncroft, 2003: A comparison of recent reanalysis datasets using objective feature tracking: Storm tracks and tropical easterly waves. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2012-2037.
    • (2003) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.131 , pp. 2012-2037
    • Hodges, K.I.1    Hoskins, B.J.2    Boyle, J.3    Thorncroft, C.4
  • 37
    • 0025589806 scopus 로고
    • On the existence of storm tracks
    • Hoskins, B. J., and P. J. Valdes, 1990: On the existence of storm tracks. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1854-1864.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 1854-1864
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    Valdes, P.J.2
  • 38
    • 0036326746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New perspectives on the Northern Hemisphere winter storm tracks
    • Hoskins, B. J., and K. I. Hodges, 2002: New perspectives on the Northern Hemisphere winter storm tracks. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1041-1061.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 1041-1061
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    Hodges, K.I.2
  • 39
    • 79958700357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the significance of sensible heat supply from the ocean in the maintenance of mean baro-clinicity along storm tracks
    • in press
    • Hotta, D., and H. Nakamura, 2011: On the significance of sensible heat supply from the ocean in the maintenance of mean baro-clinicity along storm tracks. J. Climate, in press.
    • (2011) J. Climate
    • Hotta, D.1    Nakamura, H.2
  • 40
    • 24944510282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Combined effects of Gulf Stream-induced baroclinicity and upper-level vorticity on U.S. east coast extratropical cyclogenesis
    • Jacobs, N. A., G. M. Lackmann, and S. Raman, 2005: The Combined effects of Gulf Stream-induced baroclinicity and upper-level vorticity on U.S. east coast extratropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 2494-2501.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 2494-2501
    • Jacobs, N.A.1    Lackmann, G.M.2    Raman, S.3
  • 41
    • 33750105999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of extratropical cyclone characteristics to horizontal resolution in the ECMWF model
    • Jung, T., S. K. Gulev, I. Rudeva, and V. Soloviov, 2006: Sensitivity of extratropical cyclone characteristics to horizontal resolution in the ECMWF model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 132, 1839-1857.
    • (2006) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.132 , pp. 1839-1857
    • Jung, T.1    Gulev, S.K.2    Rudeva, I.3    Soloviov, V.4
  • 42
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Re-analysis Project
    • Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Re-analysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 44
    • 0042092646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP-NCAR 50-Year Reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation
    • Kistler, R., and Coauthors, 2001: The NCEP-NCAR 50-Year Reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 247-267.
    • (2001) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.82 , pp. 247-267
    • Kistler, R.1
  • 45
    • 0027876913 scopus 로고
    • Objective identification of cyclones in GCM simulations
    • König, W., R. Sausen, and F. Sielmann, 1993: Objective identification of cyclones in GCM simulations. J. Climate, 6, 2217-2231.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 2217-2231
    • König, W.1    Sausen, R.2    Sielmann, F.3
  • 46
    • 0036326218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold-frontal potential vorticity maxima, the low-level jet, and moisture transport in extratropical cyclones
    • Lackmann, G. M., 2002: Cold-frontal potential vorticity maxima, the low-level jet, and moisture transport in extratropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 59-74.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 59-74
    • Lackmann, G.M.1
  • 47
    • 0012284538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planetary- and synoptic-scale characteristics of explosive wintertime cyclogenesis over the western North Atlantic Ocean
    • Lackmann, G. M., L. F. Bosart, and D. Keyser, 1996: Planetary- and synoptic-scale characteristics of explosive wintertime cyclogenesis over the western North Atlantic Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2672-2702.
    • (1996) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.124 , pp. 2672-2702
    • Lackmann, G.M.1    Bosart, L.F.2    Keyser, D.3
  • 48
    • 0031268962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A characteristic life cycle of upper-tropospheric cyclogenetic precursors during the Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA)
    • Lackmann, G. M., L. D. Keyser, and F. Bosart, 1997: A characteristic life cycle of upper-tropospheric cyclogenetic precursors during the Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA). Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2729-2758.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 2729-2758
    • Lackmann, G.M.1    Keyser, L.D.2    Bosart, F.3
  • 49
    • 67649159670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global climatology of an interannually varying air-sea flux data set
    • Large, W. G., and S. G. Yeager, 2009: The global climatology of an interannually varying air-sea flux data set. Climate Dyn., 33, 341-364.
    • (2009) Climate Dyn , vol.33 , pp. 341-364
    • Large, W.G.1    Yeager, S.G.2
  • 50
    • 0000314972 scopus 로고
    • A satellite view of the synoptic-scale organization of cloud properties in midlatitude and tropical circulation systems
    • Lau, N.-C., and M. W. Crane, 1995: A satellite view of the synoptic-scale organization of cloud properties in midlatitude and tropical circulation systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1984-2006.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 1984-2006
    • Lau, N.-C.1    Crane, M.W.2
  • 51
    • 0036734583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explosive cyclone development in the Southern Hemisphere and a comparison with Northern Hemisphere events
    • Lim, E.-P., and I. Simmonds, 2002: Explosive cyclone development in the Southern Hemisphere and a comparison with Northern Hemisphere events. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2188-2209.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 2188-2209
    • Lim, E.-P.1    Simmonds, I.2
  • 52
    • 0001494499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of mesoscale circulations within extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic Ocean during ERICA
    • Liu, C.-H., R. M. Wakimoto, and F. Roux, 1997: Observations of mesoscale circulations within extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic Ocean during ERICA. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 341-364.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 341-364
    • Liu, C.-H.1    Wakimoto, R.M.2    Roux, F.3
  • 53
    • 50449101414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclone life cycle characteristics over the Northern Hemisphere in coupled GCMs
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0355-5
    • Löptien, U., O. Zolina, S. K. Gulev, M. Latif, and V. Soloviov, 2008: Cyclone life cycle characteristics over the Northern Hemisphere in coupled GCMs. Climate Dyn., 31, doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0355-5.
    • (2008) Climate Dyn. , vol.31
    • Löptien, U.1    Zolina, O.2    Gulev, S.K.3    Latif, M.4    Soloviov, V.5
  • 54
    • 0027009208 scopus 로고
    • A diagnosis of the explosive development of two extratropical cyclones
    • Lupo, A. R., P. J. Smith, and P. Zwack, 1992: A diagnosis of the explosive development of two extratropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1490-1523.
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 1490-1523
    • Lupo, A.R.1    Smith, P.J.2    Zwack, P.3
  • 55
    • 0036565667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface cyclolysis in the North Pacific Ocean. Part II: Piecewise potential vorticity analysis of a rapid cyclolysis event
    • Martin, J. E., and N. Marsili, 2002: Surface cyclolysis in the North Pacific Ocean. Part II: Piecewise potential vorticity analysis of a rapid cyclolysis event. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1264-1281.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 1264-1281
    • Martin, J.E.1    Marsili, N.2
  • 56
    • 0035302520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface cyclolysis in the North Pacific Ocean. Part I: A synoptic climatology
    • Martin, J. E., R. D. Grauman, and N. Marsili, 2001: Surface cyclolysis in the North Pacific Ocean. Part I: A synoptic climatology. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 748-765.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 748-765
    • Martin, J.E.1    Grauman, R.D.2    Marsili, N.3
  • 57
    • 0036794246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface cyclolysis in the North Pacific Ocean. Part III: Composite local energetics of tropospheric-deep cyclone decay associated with rapid surface cyclolysis
    • McLay, J. G., and J. E. Martin, 2002: Surface cyclolysis in the North Pacific Ocean. Part III: Composite local energetics of tropospheric-deep cyclone decay associated with rapid surface cyclolysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2507-2529.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 2507-2529
    • Mclay, J.G.1    Martin, J.E.2
  • 58
    • 40749126156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the Gulf Stream on the troposphere
    • doi:10.1038/nature06690
    • Minobe, S., A. Kuwano-Yoshida, N. Komori, S.-P. Xie, and R. J. Small, 2008: Influence of the Gulf Stream on the troposphere. Nature, 452, 206-209, doi:10.1038/nature06690.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.452 , pp. 206-209
    • Minobe, S.1    Kuwano-Yoshida, A.2    Komori, N.3    Xie, S.-P.4    Small, R.J.5
  • 59
    • 0036693049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the surface turbulent heat fluxes from the NCEP-NCAR re-analysis over the western boundary currents
    • Moore, G. W. K., and I. A. Renfrew, 2002: An assessment of the surface turbulent heat fluxes from the NCEP-NCAR re-analysis over the western boundary currents. J. Climate, 15, 2020-2037.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 2020-2037
    • Moore, G.W.K.1    Renfrew, I.A.2
  • 60
    • 0026360287 scopus 로고
    • A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part I: Development and operation of the scheme
    • Murray, R. J., and I. Simmonds, 1991: A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part I: Development and operation of the scheme. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 39, 155-166.
    • (1991) Aust. Meteor. Mag. , vol.39 , pp. 155-166
    • Murray, R.J.1    Simmonds, I.2
  • 61
    • 64049096046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant anomaly patterns in the near-surface baroclinicity and accompanying anomalies in the atmosphere and oceans. Part I: North Atlantic basin
    • Nakamura, M., and S. Yamane, 2009: Dominant anomaly patterns in the near-surface baroclinicity and accompanying anomalies in the atmosphere and oceans. Part I: North Atlantic basin. J. Climate, 22, 880-904.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 880-904
    • Nakamura, M.1    Yamane, S.2
  • 62
    • 0027870317 scopus 로고
    • The life cycle of an extratropical marine cyclone. Part II: Mesoscale structure and diagnostics
    • Neiman,P. J.,M. A. Shapiro, and L. S.Fedor, 1993: The life cycle of an extratropical marine cyclone. Part II: Mesoscale structure and diagnostics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2177-2199.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.121 , pp. 2177-2199
    • Neiman, P.J.1    Shapiro, M.A.2    Fedor, L.S.3
  • 63
    • 30144434489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Pacific cloud feedbacks inferred from synoptic-scale dynamic and thermody-namic relationships
    • Norris, J. R., and S. F. Iacobellis, 2005: North Pacific cloud feedbacks inferred from synoptic-scale dynamic and thermody-namic relationships. J. Climate, 18, 4862-4878.
    • (2005) J. Climate , vol.18 , pp. 4862-4878
    • Norris, J.R.1    Iacobellis, S.F.2
  • 64
    • 66149184542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Satellite-based midlatitude cyclone statistics over the Southern Ocean: 1. Scatterometer-derived pressure fields and storm tracking
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD010873
    • Patoux, J., X. Yuan, and C. Li, 2009: Satellite-based midlatitude cyclone statistics over the Southern Ocean: 1. Scatterometer-derived pressure fields and storm tracking. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D04105, doi:10.1029/2008JD010873.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Patoux, J.1    Yuan, X.2    Li, C.3
  • 65
    • 0000218064 scopus 로고
    • The Norwegian cyclone models in relation to heat and cold sources
    • Petterssen, S., D. L. Bradbury, and K. Pedersen, 1962: The Norwegian cyclone models in relation to heat and cold sources. Geophys. Norv., 24, 243-280.
    • (1962) Geophys. Norv. , vol.24 , pp. 243-280
    • Petterssen, S.1    Bradbury, D.L.2    Pedersen, K.3
  • 66
    • 33646072474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivities of cyclone detection and tracking algorithm: Individual tracks and climatology
    • Pinto, J. G., T. Spangehl, U. Ulbrich, and P. Speth, 2005: Sensitivities of cyclone detection and tracking algorithm: Individual tracks and climatology. Meteor. Z., 14, 823-838.
    • (2005) Meteor. Z. , vol.14 , pp. 823-838
    • Pinto, J.G.1    Spangehl, T.2    Ulbrich, U.3    Speth, P.4
  • 67
    • 42649099927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclones: A comparison of detection and tracking methods and different re-analyses
    • Raible, C. C., P. Della-Marta, C. Schwierz, H. Wernli, and R. Blender, 2008: Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclones: A comparison of detection and tracking methods and different re-analyses. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 880-897.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 880-897
    • Raible, C.C.1    Della-Marta, P.2    Schwierz, C.3    Wernli, H.4    Blender, R.5
  • 68
    • 0021551980 scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis and updated climatology of explosive cyclones
    • Roebber, P. J., 1984: Statistical analysis and updated climatology of explosive cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1577-1589.
    • (1984) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 1577-1589
    • Roebber, P.J.1
  • 69
    • 0024907896 scopus 로고
    • On the statistical analysis of cyclone deepening rates
    • Roebber, P. J., 1989: On the statistical analysis of cyclone deepening rates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2293-2298.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 2293-2298
    • Roebber, P.J.1
  • 70
    • 0022848981 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of explosively deepening oceanic cyclones
    • Rogers, E., and L. F. Bosart, 1986: An investigation of explosively deepening oceanic cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 702-718.
    • (1986) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 702-718
    • Rogers, E.1    Bosart, L.F.2
  • 71
    • 0031177753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Atlantic storm track variability and its association to the North Atlantic Oscillation and climate variability of northern Europe
    • Rogers, J. C., 1997: North Atlantic storm track variability and its association to the North Atlantic Oscillation and climate variability of northern Europe. J. Climate, 10, 1635-1647.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 1635-1647
    • Rogers, J.C.1
  • 72
    • 34547689213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatology of cyclone size characteristics and their changes during the cyclone life cycle
    • Rudeva, I., and S. K. Gulev, 2007: Climatology of cyclone size characteristics and their changes during the cyclone life cycle. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2568-2587.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 2568-2587
    • Rudeva, I.1    Gulev, S.K.2
  • 73
    • 0036946582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The North Atlantic Oscillation and the water transport over Europe
    • Ruprecht, E., S. S. Schroeder, and S. Ubl, 2002: The North Atlantic Oscillation and the water transport over Europe. Meteor. Z., 11, 395-401.
    • (2002) Meteor. Z. , vol.11 , pp. 395-401
    • Ruprecht, E.1    Schroeder, S.S.2    Ubl, S.3
  • 74
    • 0019172179 scopus 로고
    • Synoptic-dynamic climatology of the "bomb", Mon
    • Sanders, F., and J. R. Gyakum, 1980: Synoptic-dynamic climatology of the "bomb." Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1589-1606.
    • (1980) Wea. Rev. , vol.108 , pp. 1589-1606
    • Sanders, F.1    Gyakum, J.R.2
  • 75
    • 77249131208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radius-depth model for midlatitude cyclones in re-analysis data and simulations
    • Schneidereit, A., R. Blender, and K. Fraedrich, 2010: Radius-depth model for midlatitude cyclones in re-analysis data and simulations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 50-60.
    • (2010) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.136 , pp. 50-60
    • Schneidereit, A.1    Blender, R.2    Fraedrich, K.3
  • 76
    • 21844511746 scopus 로고
    • Climatological aspects of cyclone development and decay in the Arctic
    • Serreze, M. C., 1995: Climatological aspects of cyclone development and decay in the Arctic. Atmos.-Ocean, 33, 1-23.
    • (1995) Atmos.-Ocean , vol.33 , pp. 1-23
    • Serreze, M.C.1
  • 77
    • 6944256693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Icelandic low cyclone activity: Climatological features, linkages with the NAO, and relationships with the recent changes in the Northern Hemisphere circulation
    • Serreze, M. C., F. Carse, R. G. Barry, and J. C. Rogers, 1997: Icelandic low cyclone activity: Climatological features, linkages with the NAO, and relationships with the recent changes in the Northern Hemisphere circulation. J. Climate, 10, 453-464.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 453-464
    • Serreze, M.C.1    Carse, F.2    Barry, R.G.3    Rogers, J.C.4
  • 78
    • 77954358342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air-sea fluxes over the Gulf Stream region: Atmospheric controls and trends
    • Shaman, J., R. M. Samelson, and E. Skyllingstad, 2010: Air-sea fluxes over the Gulf Stream region: Atmospheric controls and trends. J. Climate, 23, 2651-2670.
    • (2010) J. Climate , vol.23 , pp. 2651-2670
    • Shaman, J.1    Samelson, R.M.2    Skyllingstad, E.3
  • 79
    • 0343798547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed winter cyclone tracks in the Northern Hemisphere in re-analysed ECMWF data
    • Sickmöller, M., R. Blender, and K. Fraedrich, 2000: Observed winter cyclone tracks in the Northern Hemisphere in re-analysed ECMWF data. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 591-620.
    • (2000) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.126 , pp. 591-620
    • Sickmöller, M.1    Blender, R.2    Fraedrich, K.3
  • 80
    • 0034463680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size changes over the life of sea level cyclones in the NCEP reanalysis
    • Simmonds, I., 2000: Size changes over the life of sea level cyclones in the NCEP reanalysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 4118-4125.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 4118-4125
    • Simmonds, I.1
  • 81
    • 0033938129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone behavior in the 40-Year NCEP-NCAR re-analysis
    • Simmonds, I., and K. Keay, 2000a: Mean Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone behavior in the 40-Year NCEP-NCAR re-analysis. J. Climate, 13, 873-885.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 873-885
    • Simmonds, I.1    Keay, K.2
  • 82
    • 0034144674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone behavior, 1958-97
    • Simmonds, I., and K. Keay, 2000b: Variability of Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone behavior, 1958-97. J. Climate, 13, 550-561.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 550-561
    • Simmonds, I.1    Keay, K.2
  • 83
    • 72049131796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraordinary September Arctic sea ice reductions and their relationships with storm behavior over 1979-2008
    • doi:10.1029/2009GL039810
    • Simmonds, I., and K. Keay, 2009: Extraordinary September Arctic sea ice reductions and their relationships with storm behavior over 1979-2008. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19715, doi:10.1029/2009GL039810.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Simmonds, I.1    Keay, K.2
  • 84
    • 0031225180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective identification of cyclones and their circulation, intensity, and climatology
    • Sinclair, M. R., 1997: Objective identification of cyclones and their circulation, intensity, and climatology. Wea. Forecasting, 12, 591-608.
    • (1997) Wea. Forecasting , vol.12 , pp. 591-608
    • Sinclair, M.R.1
  • 85
    • 0033501201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective assessment of extra-tropical weather systems in simulated climates
    • Sinclair, M. R., and I. G. Watterson, 1999: Objective assessment of extra-tropical weather systems in simulated climates. J. Climate, 12, 3467-3485.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 3467-3485
    • Sinclair, M.R.1    Watterson, I.G.2
  • 86
    • 0034029352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification and composite diagnosis of extratropical cyclogenesis events in the southwest Pacific
    • Sinclair, M. R., and M. J. Revell, 2000: Classification and composite diagnosis of extratropical cyclogenesis events in the southwest Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 1089-1105.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 1089-1105
    • Sinclair, M.R.1    Revell, M.J.2
  • 87
    • 42549169621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal cyclone variability at 70°N and its impact on moisture transport into the Arctic
    • Sorteberg, A., and J. E. Walsh, 2008: Seasonal cyclone variability at 70°N and its impact on moisture transport into the Arctic. Tellus, 60A, 570-586.
    • (2008) Tellus , vol.60 A , pp. 570-586
    • Sorteberg, A.1    Walsh, J.E.2
  • 88
    • 77649284878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of the Kuroshio/Oyashio extensions on air-sea heat exchanges and storm-track activity as revealed in regional atmospheric model simulations for the 2003/04 cold season
    • Taguchi, B., H. Nakamura, M. Nonaka, and S. P. Xie, 2009: Influences of the Kuroshio/Oyashio extensions on air-sea heat exchanges and storm-track activity as revealed in regional atmospheric model simulations for the 2003/04 cold season. J. Climate, 22, 6536-6560.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 6536-6560
    • Taguchi, B.1    Nakamura, H.2    Nonaka, M.3    Xie, S.P.4
  • 89
    • 0032824373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric moisture recycling: Role of advection and local evaporation
    • Trenberth, K. E., 1999: Atmospheric moisture recycling: Role of advection and local evaporation. J. Climate, 12, 1368-1381.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 1368-1381
    • Trenberth, K.E.1
  • 91
    • 32444438149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatology and interannual variability of storm-tracks in the Euro-Atlantic sector: A comparison between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses
    • Trigo, I. F., 2006: Climatology and interannual variability of storm-tracks in the Euro-Atlantic sector: A comparison between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. Climate Dyn., 26, 127-143.
    • (2006) Climate Dyn. , vol.26 , pp. 127-143
    • Trigo, I.F.1
  • 92
    • 64749102736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extra-tropical cyclones in the present and future climate: A review
    • doi:10.1007/s00704-008-0083-8
    • Ulbrich, U., G. C. Leckebusch, and J. G. Pinto, 2009: Extra-tropical cyclones in the present and future climate: A review. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 96, 117-131, doi:10.1007/s00704-008-0083-8.
    • (2009) Theor. Appl. Climatol. , vol.96 , pp. 117-131
    • Ulbrich, U.1    Leckebusch, G.C.2    Pinto, J.G.3
  • 93
    • 27144554835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-40 Re-Analysis
    • Coauthors
    • Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 Re-Analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 2961-3012
    • Uppala, S.M.1
  • 94
    • 0035359347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A composite study of explosive cyclogenesis in different sectors of the North Atlantic. Part I: Cyclone structure and evolution
    • Wang, C.-C., and J. C. Rogers, 2001: A composite study of explosive cyclogenesis in different sectors of the North Atlantic. Part I: Cyclone structure and evolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1481-1499.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 1481-1499
    • Wang, C.-C.1    Rogers, J.C.2
  • 95
    • 33646001780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed changes in cyclone activity in Canada and their relationships to major circulation regimes
    • Wang, X. L., H. Wan, and Val R. Swail, 2006: Observed changes in cyclone activity in Canada and their relationships to major circulation regimes. J. Climate, 19, 896-915.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 896-915
    • Wang, X.L.1    Wan, H.2    Swail, V.R.3
  • 96
    • 33750590707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface cyclones in the ERA40 data set (1958-2001). Part I: Novel identification method and global climatology
    • Wernli, H., and C. Schwierz, 2006: Surface cyclones in the ERA40 data set (1958-2001). Part I: Novel identification method and global climatology. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2486-2507.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 2486-2507
    • Wernli, H.1    Schwierz, C.2
  • 97
    • 0006533718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WGASF Group, Final Rep. of the Joint WCRP/SCOR Working Group on Air-Sea Fluxes, WMO, Geneva, Switzerland
    • WGASF Group, 2000: Intercomparison and validation of ocean- atmosphere energy flux fields. Final Rep. of the Joint WCRP/SCOR Working Group on Air-Sea Fluxes, WMO, Geneva, Switzerland, 305 pp. [Available online at http://www.soc.soton.ac.uk/JRD/MET/WGASF.]
    • (2000) Intercomparison and validation of ocean- atmosphere energy flux fields , pp. 305
  • 98
    • 0002502024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis
    • Reading, United Kingdom, WMO/TD 985, Geneva, Switzerland
    • White, G., 2000: Long-term trends in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Second Int. Conf. on Reanalyses, Reading, United Kingdom, WMO/TD 985, Geneva, Switzerland, 54-57.
    • (2000) Second Int. Conf. on Reanalyses , pp. 54-57
    • White, G.1
  • 99
    • 71949090924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of atmosphere-ocean interactions along North Atlantic extra-tropical storm tracks
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD008854
    • Yao, Y., W. Perrie, W. Zhang, and J. Jiang, 2008: Characteristics of atmosphere-ocean interactions along North Atlantic extra-tropical storm tracks. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14124, doi:10.1029/2007JD008854.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Yao, Y.1    Perrie, W.2    Zhang, W.3    Jiang, J.4
  • 100
    • 0002175434 scopus 로고
    • Synoptic aspects and physical processes in the rapidly intensifying cyclone of 6-8 March 1986
    • 1446 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 139
    • Yau, M. K., and M. Jean, 1989: Synoptic aspects and physical processes in the rapidly intensifying cyclone of 6-8 March 1986. Atmos.-Ocean, 27, 59-86. 1446 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 139
    • (1989) Atmos.-Ocean , vol.27 , pp. 59-86
    • Yau, M.K.1    Jean, M.2
  • 101
    • 2442678803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structures and environment of explosively developing extratropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific region
    • Yoshida, A., and Y. Asuma, 2004: Structures and environment of explosively developing extratropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific region. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1121-1142.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 1121-1142
    • Yoshida, A.1    Asuma, Y.2
  • 102
    • 34249073743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objectively analyzed air-sea heat fluxes for the global ice-free oceans (1981-2005)
    • Yu, L., and R. A. Weller, 2007: Objectively analyzed air-sea heat fluxes for the global ice-free oceans (1981-2005). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 527-539.
    • (2007) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.88 , pp. 527-539
    • Yu, L.1    Weller, R.A.2
  • 103
    • 66149189451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Satellite-based midlatitude cyclone statistics over the Southern Ocean: 2. Tracks and surface fluxes
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD010874.
    • Yuan, X., J. Patoux, and C. Li, 2009: Satellite-based midlatitude cyclone statistics over the Southern Ocean: 2. Tracks and surface fluxes. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D04106, doi:10.1029/2008JD010874.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Yuan, X.1    Patoux, J.2    Li, C.3
  • 104
    • 0036509439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving accuracy of mapping cyclone numbers and frequencies
    • Zolina, O., and S. K. Gulev, 2002: Improving accuracy of mapping cyclone numbers and frequencies. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 748-759.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 748-759
    • Zolina, O.1    Gulev, S.K.2
  • 105
    • 0141744834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synoptic variability of ocean-atmosphere turbulent fluxes associated with atmospheric cyclones
    • Zolina, O., and S. K. Gulev, 2003: Synoptic variability of ocean-atmosphere turbulent fluxes associated with atmospheric cyclones. J. Climate, 16, 2717-2734.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 2717-2734
    • Zolina, O.1    Gulev, S.K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.