메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 12, 1999, Pages 3467-3485

Objective assessment of extratropical weather systems in simulated climates

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; CARBON DIOXIDE; PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION; STORMS; VORTEX FLOW; WEATHER FORECASTING; WIND;

EID: 0033501201     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<3467:OAOEWS>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (64)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0022170727 scopus 로고
    • Systematic errors in the behaviour of cyclones in the ECMWF operational models
    • Akyildiz, V., 1985: Systematic errors in the behaviour of cyclones in the ECMWF operational models. Tellus, 37A, 297-308.
    • (1985) Tellus , vol.37 A , pp. 297-308
    • Akyildiz, V.1
  • 2
    • 0024880779 scopus 로고
    • A 15-year climatology of Northern Hemisphere 500 mb closed cyclone and anticyclone centers
    • Bell, G. D., and L. F. Bosart, 1989: A 15-year climatology of Northern Hemisphere 500 mb closed cyclone and anticyclone centers. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2142-2163.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 2142-2163
    • Bell, G.D.1    Bosart, L.F.2
  • 3
    • 0021641006 scopus 로고
    • Horizontal structure of 500 mb height fluctuations with long, intermediate and short time scales
    • Blackmon, M. L., Y.-H. Lee, and J. M. Wallace, 1984: Horizontal structure of 500 mb height fluctuations with long, intermediate and short time scales. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 961-979.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 961-979
    • Blackmon, M.L.1    Lee, Y.-H.2    Wallace, J.M.3
  • 4
    • 0030815057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of cyclone-track regimes in the North Atlantic
    • Blender, R., K. Fraedrich, and F. Lunkeit, 1997: Identification of cyclone-track regimes in the North Atlantic. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 727-741.
    • (1997) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.123 , pp. 727-741
    • Blender, R.1    Fraedrich, K.2    Lunkeit, F.3
  • 5
    • 0018717026 scopus 로고
    • A synoptic climatology of satellite-observed extratropical cyclone activity for the Southern Hemisphere winter
    • Carleton, A. M., 1979: A synoptic climatology of satellite-observed extratropical cyclone activity for the Southern Hemisphere winter. Arch. Meteor. Geophys. Bioklimatol., 27B, 265-279.
    • (1979) Arch. Meteor. Geophys. Bioklimatol. , vol.27 B , pp. 265-279
    • Carleton, A.M.1
  • 7
    • 0000791134 scopus 로고
    • An operational objective analysis system
    • Cressman, G. P., 1959: An operational objective analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 87, 367-374.
    • (1959) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.87 , pp. 367-374
    • Cressman, G.P.1
  • 8
    • 0000661986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa trough merger and fracture: A climatology and case study
    • Dean, D. B., and L. F. Bosart, 1996: Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa trough merger and fracture: A climatology and case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2644-2671.
    • (1996) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.124 , pp. 2644-2671
    • Dean, D.B.1    Bosart, L.F.2
  • 9
    • 0027085408 scopus 로고
    • AMIP: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project
    • Gates, W. L., 1992: AMIP: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1962-1970.
    • (1992) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.73 , pp. 1962-1970
    • Gates, W.L.1
  • 10
    • 0002642530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the results of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP 1)
    • _, and Coauthors, 1999: An overview of the results of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP 1), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 29-55.
    • (1999) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.80 , pp. 29-55
  • 11
    • 0001257667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient climate change in the CSIRO coupled model with dynamic sea ice
    • Gordon, H. B., and S. P. O'Farrell, 1997: Transient climate change in the CSIRO coupled model with dynamic sea ice. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 875-907.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 875-907
    • Gordon, H.B.1    O'Farrell, S.P.2
  • 12
    • 0024812411 scopus 로고
    • North Pacific cold season surface cyclone activity: 1975-1983
    • Gyakum, J. R., J. R. Anderson, R. H. Grumm, and E. L. Gruner, 1989: North Pacific cold season surface cyclone activity: 1975-1983. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1141-1155.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 1141-1155
    • Gyakum, J.R.1    Anderson, J.R.2    Grumm, R.H.3    Gruner, E.L.4
  • 14
    • 0000456421 scopus 로고
    • Mean monthly North American anticyclone frequencies, 1950-79
    • Harman, J. R., 1987: Mean monthly North American anticyclone frequencies, 1950-79. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2840-2848.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 2840-2848
    • Harman, J.R.1
  • 15
    • 0028572982 scopus 로고
    • A general method for tracking analysis and its application to meteorological data
    • Hodges, K. I., 1994: A general method for tracking analysis and its application to meteorological data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2573-2586.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 2573-2586
    • Hodges, K.I.1
  • 16
    • 0000037302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spherical nonparametric estimators applied to the UGAMP model integration for AMIP
    • _, 1996: Spherical nonparametric estimators applied to the UGAMP model integration for AMIP. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2914-2932.
    • (1996) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.124 , pp. 2914-2932
  • 17
    • 0031423487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Southern African climate change simulated by the GENESIS GCM
    • Hudson, D. A., 1997: Southern African climate change simulated by the GENESIS GCM. S. Afr. J. Sci., 93, 389-408.
    • (1997) S. Afr. J. Sci. , vol.93 , pp. 389-408
    • Hudson, D.A.1
  • 18
    • 0031465104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid-latitude cyclones south of Africa in the GENESIS GCM
    • _, and B. C. Hewitson, 1997: Mid-latitude cyclones south of Africa in the GENESIS GCM. Int. J. Climatol., 17, 459-473.
    • (1997) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.17 , pp. 459-473
    • Hewitson, B.C.1
  • 19
    • 0242622375 scopus 로고
    • J. T. Houghton, L. G. Meira Filho, B. A. Callander, N Harris, A. Kattenburg, and K. Maskell, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 572 pp.
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1995: Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. J. T. Houghton, L. G. Meira Filho, B. A. Callander, N Harris, A. Kattenburg, and K. Maskell, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 572 pp.
    • (1995) Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change
  • 20
    • 0027802524 scopus 로고
    • A climatology of Southern Hemisphere extratropical cyclones
    • Jones, D. A., and I. Simmonds, 1993: A climatology of Southern Hemisphere extratropical cyclones. Climate Dyn., 9, 131-145.
    • (1993) Climate Dyn. , vol.9 , pp. 131-145
    • Jones, D.A.1    Simmonds, I.2
  • 21
    • 0028668927 scopus 로고
    • A climatology of Southern Hemisphere anticyclones
    • _, and _, 1994: A climatology of Southern Hemisphere anticyclones. Climate Dyn., 10, 333-348.
    • (1994) Climate Dyn. , vol.10 , pp. 333-348
  • 22
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
    • Kalnay, E. M., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.M.1
  • 23
    • 0030403523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GCM simulations of eastern Australian cutoff lows
    • Katzfey, J. J., and K. L. McInnes, 1996: GCM simulations of eastern Australian cutoff lows. J. Climate, 9, 2337-2355.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 2337-2355
    • Katzfey, J.J.1    McInnes, K.L.2
  • 24
    • 0027876913 scopus 로고
    • Objective identification of cyclones in GCM simulations
    • König, W., R. Sausen, and F. Sielmann, 1993: Objective identification of cyclones in GCM simulations. J. Climate, 6, 2217-2231.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 2217-2231
    • König, W.1    Sausen, R.2    Sielmann, F.3
  • 25
    • 0001215713 scopus 로고
    • A cyclone climatology of the Canadian Climate Centre General Circulation Model
    • Lambert, S. J., 1988: A cyclone climatology of the Canadian Climate Centre General Circulation Model. J. Climate, 1, 109-115.
    • (1988) J. Climate , vol.1 , pp. 109-115
    • Lambert, S.J.1
  • 26
    • 0029537410 scopus 로고
    • The effect of enhanced greenhouse warming on winter cyclone frequencies and strengths
    • _, 1995: The effect of enhanced greenhouse warming on winter cyclone frequencies and strengths. J. Climate, 8, 1447-1452.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1447-1452
  • 27
    • 0000088252 scopus 로고
    • Variability of the observed midlatitude storm tracks in relation to low-frequency changes in the circulation pattern
    • Lau, N.-C., 1988: Variability of the observed midlatitude storm tracks in relation to low-frequency changes in the circulation pattern. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2718-2743.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 2718-2743
    • Lau, N.-C.1
  • 28
    • 0029509548 scopus 로고
    • An objective climatology of mobile troughs in the Northern Hemisphere
    • Lefevre, R. J., and J. W. Nielsen-Gammon, 1995: An objective climatology of mobile troughs in the Northern Hemisphere. Tellus, 47A, 638-655.
    • (1995) Tellus , vol.47 A , pp. 638-655
    • Lefevre, R.J.1    Nielsen-Gammon, J.W.2
  • 29
    • 0028895320 scopus 로고
    • Transient response of the Hadley Centre Coupled Model to increasing carbon dioxide. Part I: Control climate and flux adjustment
    • Murphy, J. M., 1995: Transient response of the Hadley Centre Coupled Model to increasing carbon dioxide. Part I: Control climate and flux adjustment. J. Climate, 8, 36-56.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 36-56
    • Murphy, J.M.1
  • 30
    • 0026360287 scopus 로고
    • A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part I: Development and operation of the scheme
    • Murray, R. J., and I. Simmonds, 1991a: A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part I: Development and operation of the scheme. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 39, 155-166.
    • (1991) Aust. Meteor. Mag. , vol.39 , pp. 155-166
    • Murray, R.J.1    Simmonds, I.2
  • 31
    • 0026360289 scopus 로고
    • A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part II: Application to January and July general circulation model simulations
    • _ and _ 1991b: A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part II: Application to January and July general circulation model simulations. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 39, 167-180.
    • (1991) Aust. Meteor. Mag. , vol.39 , pp. 167-180
  • 32
    • 0028895240 scopus 로고
    • Responses of climate and cyclones to reductions in Arctic sea ice
    • _ and _, 1995: Responses of climate and cyclones to reductions in Arctic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 100 (C), 4791-4806.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.C , pp. 4791-4806
  • 34
    • 0021551980 scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis and updated climatology of explosive cyclones
    • Roebber, P. J., 1984: Statistical analysis and updated climatology of explosive cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1577-1589.
    • (1984) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 1577-1589
    • Roebber, P.J.1
  • 35
    • 0019172179 scopus 로고
    • Synoptic-dynamic climatology of the "bomb."
    • Sanders, F., and J. R. Gyakum, 1980: Synoptic-dynamic climatology of the "bomb." Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1589-1606.
    • (1980) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.108 , pp. 1589-1606
    • Sanders, F.1    Gyakum, J.R.2
  • 36
    • 0007650717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The climatology of explosive cyclogenesis in two general circulation models
    • _, and S. L. Mullen, 1996: The climatology of explosive cyclogenesis in two general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1943-1954.
    • (1996) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.124 , pp. 1943-1954
    • Mullen, S.L.1
  • 37
    • 0029435416 scopus 로고
    • The dependence of climate sensitivity on the horizontal resolution of a GCM
    • Senior, C. A., 1995: The dependence of climate sensitivity on the horizontal resolution of a GCM. J. Climate, 8, 2860-2880.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 2860-2880
    • Senior, C.A.1
  • 38
    • 0027846059 scopus 로고
    • Cyclone behaviour response to changes in winter Southern Hemisphere sea ice concentration
    • Simmonds, I., and X. Wu, 1993: Cyclone behaviour response to changes in winter Southern Hemisphere sea ice concentration. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 1121-1148.
    • (1993) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.119 , pp. 1121-1148
    • Simmonds, I.1    Wu, X.2
  • 39
    • 0028668914 scopus 로고
    • An objective cyclone climatology for the Southern Hemisphere
    • Sinclair, M. R., 1994: An objective cyclone climatology for the Southern Hemisphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2239-2256.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 2239-2256
    • Sinclair, M.R.1
  • 40
    • 0001224580 scopus 로고
    • A climatology of cyclogenesis for the Southern Hemisphere
    • _, 1995: A climatology of cyclogenesis for the Southern Hemisphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1601-1619.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 1601-1619
  • 41
    • 0000152567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A climatology of anticyclones and blocking for the Southern Hemisphere
    • _, 1996: A climatology of anticyclones and blocking for the Southern Hemisphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 245-263.
    • (1996) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.124 , pp. 245-263
  • 42
    • 0031225180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective identification of cyclones and their circulation intensity, and climatology
    • _, 1997: Objective identification of cyclones and their circulation intensity, and climatology. Wea. Forecasting, 12, 591-608.
    • (1997) Wea. Forecasting , vol.12 , pp. 591-608
  • 43
    • 84981670052 scopus 로고
    • A synoptic climatology of satellite observed cloud vortices over the Southern Hemisphere
    • Streten, N. A., and A. J. Troup, 1973: A synoptic climatology of satellite observed cloud vortices over the Southern Hemisphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 99, 56-72.
    • (1973) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.99 , pp. 56-72
    • Streten, N.A.1    Troup, A.J.2
  • 44
    • 0001592726 scopus 로고
    • Development, distribution and movement of cyclones and anticyclones in the Southern Hemisphere during the IGY
    • Taljaard, J. J., 1967: Development, distribution and movement of cyclones and anticyclones in the Southern Hemisphere during the IGY. J. Appl. Meteor., 6, 973-987.
    • (1967) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.6 , pp. 973-987
    • Taljaard, J.J.1
  • 45
    • 0022849642 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of biases in traditional cyclone frequency maps
    • Taylor, K. E., 1986: An analysis of biases in traditional cyclone frequency maps. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1481-1490.
    • (1986) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 1481-1490
    • Taylor, K.E.1
  • 46
    • 0026278746 scopus 로고
    • Storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere
    • Trenberth, K. E., 1991: Storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2159-2178.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 2159-2178
    • Trenberth, K.E.1
  • 47
    • 0024191590 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between cyclone tracks, anticyclone tracks and baroclinic waveguides
    • Wallace, J. M., G.-H. Lim, and M. L. Blackmon, 1988: Relationship between cyclone tracks, anticyclone tracks and baroclinic waveguides. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 439-462.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 439-462
    • Wallace, J.M.1    Lim, G.-H.2    Blackmon, M.L.3
  • 48
    • 0031391474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical cyclone-like vortices in a limited area model: Comparison with observed climatology
    • Walsh, K., and I. G. Watterson, 1997: Tropical cyclone-like vortices in a limited area model: Comparison with observed climatology. J. Climate, 10, 2240-2259.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 2240-2259
    • Walsh, K.1    Watterson, I.G.2
  • 49
    • 0032572999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 climates simulated by the CSIRO general circulation model
    • 2 climates simulated by the CSIRO general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 23113-23129
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 23113-23129
    • Watterson, I.G.1
  • 51
    • 0030831472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy and water transport in climates simulated by a general circulation model that includes dynamic sea ice
    • _, S. P. O'Farrell, and M. R. Dix, 1997: Energy and water transport in climates simulated by a general circulation model that includes dynamic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 11027-11037.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 11027-11037
    • O'Farrell, S.P.1    Dix, M.R.2
  • 52
    • 0021560643 scopus 로고
    • Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone activity for four mid-season months
    • Whittaker, L. M., and L. H. Horn, 1984: Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone activity for four mid-season months. J. Climatol., 4, 297-310.
    • (1984) J. Climatol. , vol.4 , pp. 297-310
    • Whittaker, L.M.1    Horn, L.H.2
  • 53
    • 0031177131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model-simulated northern winter cyclone and anticyclone activity under a greenhouse warming scenario
    • Zhang, Y., and W.-C. Wang, 1997: Model-simulated northern winter cyclone and anticyclone activity under a greenhouse warming scenario. J. Climate, 10, 1616-1634.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 1616-1634
    • Zhang, Y.1    Wang, W.-C.2
  • 54
    • 0019206616 scopus 로고
    • The climatology of cyclones and anticyclones over North America and surrounding ocean environs for January and July, 1950-77
    • Zishka, K. M., and P. J. Smith, 1980: The climatology of cyclones and anticyclones over North America and surrounding ocean environs for January and July, 1950-77. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 387-401.
    • (1980) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.108 , pp. 387-401
    • Zishka, K.M.1    Smith, P.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.