메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1723-1738

Migration-induced phenotypic divergence: The migration-selection balance of correlated traits

Author keywords

Adaptation; Constraints; Ecological divergence; Gene flow; Genetic correlation; Mutlivariate

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE RADIATION; DIVERGENCE; GENE FLOW; GENETIC ANALYSIS; LOCAL ADAPTATION; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY;

EID: 79958068754     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: 15585646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01248.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 60049087351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much do genetic covariances alter the rate of adaptation?
    • Agrawal, A. F., and Stinchcombe, J. R. 2009. How much do genetic covariances alter the rate of adaptation? Proc. R. Soc. B 276:1183-1191.
    • (2009) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.276 , pp. 1183-1191
    • Agrawal, A.F.1    Stinchcombe, J.R.2
  • 3
    • 0027060065 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on phenotypic evolution
    • Arnold, S. J. 1992. Constraints on phenotypic evolution. Am. Nat. 140:S85-S107.
    • (1992) Am. Nat. , vol.140
    • Arnold, S.J.1
  • 4
    • 0035706455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adaptive landscape as a conceptual bridge between micro- and macroevolution
    • Arnold, S. J., M. E. Pfrender, and A. G. Jones. 2001. The adaptive landscape as a conceptual bridge between micro- and macroevolution. Genetica 112:9-32.
    • (2001) Genetica , vol.112 , pp. 9-32
    • Arnold, S.J.1    Pfrender, M.E.2    Jones, A.G.3
  • 5
    • 0037974219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The constancy of the G matrix through species divergence and the effects of quantitative genetic constraints on phenotypic evolution: a case study in crickets
    • Bégin, M., and D. A. Roff. 2003. The constancy of the G matrix through species divergence and the effects of quantitative genetic constraints on phenotypic evolution: a case study in crickets. Evolution 57:1107-1120.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 1107-1120
    • Bégin, M.1    Roff, D.A.2
  • 6
    • 54049094097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection drives patterns of lake-stream divergence in stickleback foraging morphology
    • Berner, D., D. C. Adams, A.-C. Grandchamp, and A. P. Hendry. 2008. Natural selection drives patterns of lake-stream divergence in stickleback foraging morphology. J. Evol. Biol. 21:1653-1665.
    • (2008) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 1653-1665
    • Berner, D.1    Adams, D.C.2    Grandchamp, A.-C.3    Hendry, A.P.4
  • 7
    • 77955251411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging trait (co)variances in stickleback evolve deterministically and do not predict trajectories of adaptive diversification
    • Berner, D., W. E. Stutz, and D. I. Bolnick. 2010. Foraging trait (co)variances in stickleback evolve deterministically and do not predict trajectories of adaptive diversification. Evolution 64:2265-2277.
    • (2010) Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 2265-2277
    • Berner, D.1    Stutz, W.E.2    Bolnick, D.I.3
  • 8
    • 61849127001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spherical cows grazing in flatland: constraints to selection and adaptations
    • J. VanderWerf, H. U. Graser, R. Frankham, and C. Gondro (eds.), Springer, The Netherlands.
    • Blows, M., and B. Walsh. 2009. Spherical cows grazing in flatland: constraints to selection and adaptations:, Pp. 83-101. In J. VanderWerf, H. U. Graser, R. Frankham, and C. Gondro (eds.), adaptation and fitness in animal populations-evolutionary and breeding perspectives on genetic resource management. Springer, The Netherlands.
    • (2009) adaptation and fitness in animal populations-evolutionary and breeding perspectives on genetic resource management , pp. 83-101
    • Blows, M.1    Walsh, B.2
  • 9
    • 33845703005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tale of two matrices: multivariate approaches in evolutionary biology
    • Blows, M. W. 2007. A tale of two matrices: multivariate approaches in evolutionary biology. J. Evol. Biol. 20:1-8.
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 1-8
    • Blows, M.W.1
  • 10
    • 20444399511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reassessment of genetic limits to evolutionary change
    • Blows, M. W., and A. A. Hoffmann. 2005. A reassessment of genetic limits to evolutionary change. Ecology 86:1371-1384.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1371-1384
    • Blows, M.W.1    Hoffmann, A.A.2
  • 11
    • 34548351727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection in populations subject to a migration load
    • Bolnick, D. I., and P. Nosil. 2007. Natural selection in populations subject to a migration load. Evolution 61:2229-2243.
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 2229-2243
    • Bolnick, D.I.1    Nosil, P.2
  • 12
    • 0027460992 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics of shell form of an intertidal snail-constraints on short-term response to selection
    • Boulding, E. G., and T. K. Hay. 1993. Quantitative genetics of shell form of an intertidal snail-constraints on short-term response to selection. Evolution 47:576-592.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 576-592
    • Boulding, E.G.1    Hay, T.K.2
  • 13
    • 0001126963 scopus 로고
    • Multiple niche polymorphism
    • Bulmer, M. G. 1972. Multiple niche polymorphism. Am. Nat. 106:254-257.
    • (1972) Am. Nat. , vol.106 , pp. 254-257
    • Bulmer, M.G.1
  • 14
    • 76249096493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of selection and genetic constraints to phenotypic divergence
    • Chenoweth, S., H. Rundle, and M. Blows. 2010. The contribution of selection and genetic constraints to phenotypic divergence. Am. Nat. 175:186-196.
    • (2010) Am. Nat. , vol.175 , pp. 186-196
    • Chenoweth, S.1    Rundle, H.2    Blows, M.3
  • 15
    • 53149152599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching habitat choice causes directed gene flow: a neglected dimension in evolution and ecology
    • Edelaar, P., A. M. Siepielski, and J. Clobert. 2008. Matching habitat choice causes directed gene flow: a neglected dimension in evolution and ecology. Evolution 62:2462-2472.
    • (2008) Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 2462-2472
    • Edelaar, P.1    Siepielski, A.M.2    Clobert, J.3
  • 16
    • 38849173888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic integration and conserved covariance structure in calopterygid damselflies
    • Eroukhmanoff, F., and E. I. Svensson. 2008. Phenotypic integration and conserved covariance structure in calopterygid damselflies. J. Evol. Biol. 21:514-526.
    • (2008) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 514-526
    • Eroukhmanoff, F.1    Svensson, E.I.2
  • 17
    • 33846633697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolving the paradox of stasis: models with stabilizing selection explain evolutionary divergence on all timescales
    • Estes, S., and S. J. Arnold. 2007. Resolving the paradox of stasis: models with stabilizing selection explain evolutionary divergence on all timescales. Am. Nat. 169:227-244.
    • (2007) Am. Nat. , vol.169 , pp. 227-244
    • Estes, S.1    Arnold, S.J.2
  • 18
    • 77955418202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary constraint and ecological consequences
    • Futuyma, D. J. 2010. Evolutionary constraint and ecological consequences. Evolution 64:1865-1884.
    • (2010) Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 1865-1884
    • Futuyma, D.J.1
  • 19
    • 11944257192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution driven by differential dispersal within a wild bird population
    • Garant, D., L. Kruuk, T. Wilkin, R. McCleery, and B. Sheldon. 2005. Evolution driven by differential dispersal within a wild bird population. Nature 433:60-65.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.433 , pp. 60-65
    • Garant, D.1    Kruuk, L.2    Wilkin, T.3    McCleery, R.4    Sheldon, B.5
  • 20
    • 34848839490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shared quantitative trait loci underlying the genetic correlation between continuous traits
    • Gardner, K. M., and R. G. Latta. 2007. Shared quantitative trait loci underlying the genetic correlation between continuous traits. Mol. Ecol. 16:4195-4209.
    • (2007) Mol. Ecol. , vol.16 , pp. 4195-4209
    • Gardner, K.M.1    Latta, R.G.2
  • 21
    • 72449158077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic and genetic constraints on evolution
    • Gomulkiewicz, R., and D. Houle. 2009. Demographic and genetic constraints on evolution. Am. Nat. 174:E218-E229.
    • (2009) Am. Nat. , vol.174
    • Gomulkiewicz, R.1    Houle, D.2
  • 22
    • 0037177581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches
    • Grant, P. R., and B. R. Grant. 2002. Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches. Science 296:707-711.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 707-711
    • Grant, P.R.1    Grant, B.R.2
  • 23
    • 34548580621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutral evolution of multiple quantitative characters: a genealogical approach
    • Griswold, C. K., B. Logsdon, and R. Gomulkiewicz. 2007. Neutral evolution of multiple quantitative characters: a genealogical approach. Genetics 176:455-466.
    • (2007) Genetics , vol.176 , pp. 455-466
    • Griswold, C.K.1    Logsdon, B.2    Gomulkiewicz, R.3
  • 24
    • 33749823781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nemo: an evolutionary and population genetics programming framework
    • Guillaume, F., and J. Rougemont. 2006. Nemo: an evolutionary and population genetics programming framework. Bioinformatics 22:2556-2557.
    • (2006) Bioinformatics , vol.22 , pp. 2556-2557
    • Guillaume, F.1    Rougemont, J.2
  • 25
    • 34848880447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of migration on the genetic covariance matrix
    • Guillaume, F., and M. C. Whitlock. 2007. Effects of migration on the genetic covariance matrix. Evolution 61:2398-2409.
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 2398-2409
    • Guillaume, F.1    Whitlock, M.C.2
  • 26
    • 49549087249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring and comparing evolvability and constraint in multivariate characters
    • Hansen, T. F., and D. Houle. 2008. Measuring and comparing evolvability and constraint in multivariate characters. J. Evol. Biol. 21:1201-1219.
    • (2008) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 1201-1219
    • Hansen, T.F.1    Houle, D.2
  • 27
    • 0034924618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population mixing and the adaptive divergence of quantitative traits in discrete populations: a theoretical framework for empirical tests
    • Hendry, A. P., T. Day, and E. B. Taylor. 2001. Population mixing and the adaptive divergence of quantitative traits in discrete populations: a theoretical framework for empirical tests. Evolution 55:459-466.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 459-466
    • Hendry, A.P.1    Day, T.2    Taylor, E.B.3
  • 28
    • 9944247694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual issues in local adaptation
    • Kawecki, T., and D. Ebert. 2004. Conceptual issues in local adaptation. Ecol. Lett. 7:1225-1241.
    • (2004) Ecol. Lett. , vol.7 , pp. 1225-1241
    • Kawecki, T.1    Ebert, D.2
  • 29
    • 0029200742 scopus 로고
    • Color-pattern variation in lake Erie water snakes: the role of gene flow
    • King, R. B., and R. Lawson. 1995. Color-pattern variation in lake Erie water snakes: the role of gene flow. Evolution 49:885-896.
    • (1995) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 885-896
    • King, R.B.1    Lawson, R.2
  • 31
    • 65649116390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of quantitative genetic variation in multiple dimensions
    • Kirkpatrick, M. 2009. Patterns of quantitative genetic variation in multiple dimensions. Genetica 136:271-284.
    • (2009) Genetica , vol.136 , pp. 271-284
    • Kirkpatrick, M.1
  • 32
    • 0030880907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of a species' range
    • Kirkpatrick, M., and N. Barton. 1997. Evolution of a species' range. Am. Nat. 150:1-23.
    • (1997) Am. Nat. , vol.150 , pp. 1-23
    • Kirkpatrick, M.1    Barton, N.2
  • 33
    • 0001288442 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain: body size allometry
    • Lande, R. 1979. Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain: body size allometry. Evolution 33:402-416.
    • (1979) Evolution , vol.33 , pp. 402-416
    • Lande, R.1
  • 34
    • 0001214721 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of selection on correlated characters
    • Lande, R., and S. J. Arnold. 1983. The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution 37:1210-1226.
    • (1983) Evolution , vol.37 , pp. 1210-1226
    • Lande, R.1    Arnold, S.J.2
  • 35
    • 0036532087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and the limits to natural selection
    • Lenormand, T. 2002. Gene flow and the limits to natural selection. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17:183-189.
    • (2002) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 183-189
    • Lenormand, T.1
  • 36
    • 37149022804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration load in plants: role of pollen and seed dispersal in heterogeneous landscapes
    • Lopez, S., F. Rousset, F. H. Shaw, R. G. Shaw, and O. Ronce. 2008. Migration load in plants: role of pollen and seed dispersal in heterogeneous landscapes. J. Evol. Biol. 21:294-309.
    • (2008) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 294-309
    • Lopez, S.1    Rousset, F.2    Shaw, F.H.3    Shaw, R.G.4    Ronce, O.5
  • 37
    • 0031006337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of gene flow in spatially structured populations
    • Lythgoe, K. A. 1997. Consequences of gene flow in spatially structured populations. Genet. Res. 69:49-60.
    • (1997) Genet. Res. , vol.69 , pp. 49-60
    • Lythgoe, K.A.1
  • 38
    • 33747080569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general multivariate extension of Fisher's geometrical model and the distribution of mutation fitness effects across species
    • Martin, G., and T. Lenormand. 2006. A general multivariate extension of Fisher's geometrical model and the distribution of mutation fitness effects across species. Evolution 60:893-907.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 893-907
    • Martin, G.1    Lenormand, T.2
  • 39
    • 13444273207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic divergence along lines of genetic variance
    • McGuigan, K., S. F. Chenoweth, and M. W. Blows. 2005. Phenotypic divergence along lines of genetic variance. Am. Nat. 165:32-43.
    • (2005) Am. Nat. , vol.165 , pp. 32-43
    • McGuigan, K.1    Chenoweth, S.F.2    Blows, M.W.3
  • 40
    • 0035670347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of genetic differentiation at marker loci and quantitative traits
    • Merila, J., and P. Crnokrak. 2001. Comparison of genetic differentiation at marker loci and quantitative traits. J. Evol. Biol. 14:892-903.
    • (2001) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 892-903
    • Merila, J.1    Crnokrak, P.2
  • 41
    • 0029659312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleiotropy causes long-term genetic constraints on life-history evolution in Brassica rapa
    • Mitchell-Olds, T. 1996. Pleiotropy causes long-term genetic constraints on life-history evolution in Brassica rapa. Evolution 50:1849-1858.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 1849-1858
    • Mitchell-Olds, T.1
  • 42
    • 34547691650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the constraining influence of gene flow on adaptive divergence in the lake-stream threespine stickleback system
    • Moore, J. S., J. L. Gow, E. B. Taylor, and A. P. Hendry. 2007. Quantifying the constraining influence of gene flow on adaptive divergence in the lake-stream threespine stickleback system. Evolution 61:2015-2026.
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 2015-2026
    • Moore, J.S.1    Gow, J.L.2    Taylor, E.B.3    Hendry, A.P.4
  • 43
    • 2542431459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How species evolve collectively: implications of gene flow and selection for the spread of advantageous alleles
    • Morjan, C. L., and L. H. Rieseberg. 2004. How species evolve collectively: implications of gene flow and selection for the spread of advantageous alleles. Mol. Ecol. 13:1341-1356.
    • (2004) Mol. Ecol. , vol.13 , pp. 1341-1356
    • Morjan, C.L.1    Rieseberg, L.H.2
  • 44
    • 67649429431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive population divergence in cryptic color-pattern following a reduction in gene flow
    • Nosil, P. 2009. Adaptive population divergence in cryptic color-pattern following a reduction in gene flow. Evolution 63:1902-1912.
    • (2009) Evolution , vol.63 , pp. 1902-1912
    • Nosil, P.1
  • 45
    • 1642268470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does gene flow constrain adaptive divergence or vice versa? A test using ecomorphology and sexual isolation in Timema cristinae walking-sticks
    • Nosil, P., and B. J. Crespi. 2004. Does gene flow constrain adaptive divergence or vice versa? A test using ecomorphology and sexual isolation in Timema cristinae walking-sticks. Evolution 58:102-112.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 102-112
    • Nosil, P.1    Crespi, B.J.2
  • 46
    • 33745128705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence that predation promotes divergence in adaptive radiation
    • Nosil, P., and B. J. Crespi. 2006. Experimental evidence that predation promotes divergence in adaptive radiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:9090-9095.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 9090-9095
    • Nosil, P.1    Crespi, B.J.2
  • 47
    • 60949088263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological explanations for (incomplete) speciation
    • Nosil, P., L. J. Harmon, and O. Seehausen. 2009. Ecological explanations for (incomplete) speciation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 24:145-156.
    • (2009) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.24 , pp. 145-156
    • Nosil, P.1    Harmon, L.J.2    Seehausen, O.3
  • 48
    • 15444364671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective: reproductive isolation caused by natural selection against immigrants from divergent habitats
    • Nosil, P., T. H. Vines, and D. J. Funk. 2005. Perspective: reproductive isolation caused by natural selection against immigrants from divergent habitats. Evolution 59:705-719.
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , pp. 705-719
    • Nosil, P.1    Vines, T.H.2    Funk, D.J.3
  • 49
    • 0029771646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of polygenic variation via a migration-selection balance under uniform selection
    • Phillips, P. C. 1996. Maintenance of polygenic variation via a migration-selection balance under uniform selection. Evolution 50:1334-1339.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 1334-1339
    • Phillips, P.C.1
  • 50
    • 11944273618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow maintains a large genetic difference in clutch size at a small spatial scale
    • Postma, E., and A. J. van Noordwijk. 2005. Gene flow maintains a large genetic difference in clutch size at a small spatial scale. Nature 433:65-68.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.433 , pp. 65-68
    • Postma, E.1    van Noordwijk, A.J.2
  • 51
    • 0027804545 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of potential gene flow limitation of behavioral adaptation in an aridlands spider
    • Riechert, S. E. 1993. Investigation of potential gene flow limitation of behavioral adaptation in an aridlands spider. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 32:355-363.
    • (1993) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.32 , pp. 355-363
    • Riechert, S.E.1
  • 52
    • 0029660359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of genetic correlations: an analysis of patterns
    • Roff, D. A. 1996. The evolution of genetic correlations: an analysis of patterns. Evolution 50:1392-1403.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 1392-1403
    • Roff, D.A.1
  • 53
    • 0029838036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive radiation along genetic lines of least resistance
    • Schluter, D. 1996. Adaptive radiation along genetic lines of least resistance. Evolution 50:1766-1774.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 1766-1774
    • Schluter, D.1
  • 55
    • 0021580935 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of morphological patterns in communities of Darwin's finches
    • Schluter, D., and P. R. Grant. 1984. Determinants of morphological patterns in communities of Darwin's finches. Am. Nat. 123:175-196.
    • (1984) Am. Nat. , vol.123 , pp. 175-196
    • Schluter, D.1    Grant, P.R.2
  • 56
    • 0027370038 scopus 로고
    • Population structure in Daphnia obtusa: quantitative genetic and allozymic variation
    • Spitze, K. 1993. Population structure in Daphnia obtusa: quantitative genetic and allozymic variation. Genetics 135:367-374.
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.135 , pp. 367-374
    • Spitze, K.1
  • 57
    • 0034525977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetic models for the balance between migration and stabilizing selection
    • Tufto, J. 2000. Quantitative genetic models for the balance between migration and stabilizing selection. Genet. Res. 76:285-293.
    • (2000) Genet. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 285-293
    • Tufto, J.1
  • 58
    • 73949116487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow from domesticated species to wild relatives: migration load in a model of multivariate selection
    • Tufto, J. 2010. Gene flow from domesticated species to wild relatives: migration load in a model of multivariate selection. Evolution 64:180-192.
    • (2010) Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 180-192
    • Tufto, J.1
  • 59
    • 0027973280 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and statistical-analyses of strong selection on polygenic traits - what, me normal
    • Turelli, M., and N. H. Barton. 1994. Genetic and statistical-analyses of strong selection on polygenic traits - what, me normal. Genetics 138:913-941.
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.138 , pp. 913-941
    • Turelli, M.1    Barton, N.H.2
  • 60
    • 0022189933 scopus 로고
    • Genotype-environment interaction and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity
    • Via, S., and R. Lande. 1985. Genotype-environment interaction and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Evolution 39:505-522.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 505-522
    • Via, S.1    Lande, R.2
  • 62
    • 76249110585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abundant genetic variation + strong selection = multivariate genetic constraints: a geometric view of adaptation
    • Walsh, B., and M. W. Blows. 2009. Abundant genetic variation + strong selection = multivariate genetic constraints: a geometric view of adaptation. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Sys. 40:41-59.
    • (2009) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Sys. , vol.40 , pp. 41-59
    • Walsh, B.1    Blows, M.W.2
  • 63
    • 78149257568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic patterns of pleiotropy and the evolution of complexity
    • Wang, Z., B. Liao, and J. Zhang. 2010. Genomic patterns of pleiotropy and the evolution of complexity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107:18034-18039.
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.107 , pp. 18034-18039
    • Wang, Z.1    Liao, B.2    Zhang, J.3
  • 64
    • 0021566877 scopus 로고
    • Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure
    • Weir, B. S., and C. C. Cockerham. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38:1358-1370.
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 1358-1370
    • Weir, B.S.1    Cockerham, C.C.2
  • 67
    • 0002125597 scopus 로고
    • The generalised product moment distribution in samples from a normal multivariate population
    • Wishart, J. 1928. The generalised product moment distribution in samples from a normal multivariate population. Biometrika 20A:32-52.
    • (1928) Biometrika , vol.20 A , pp. 32-52
    • Wishart, J.1
  • 68
    • 70350223948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting adaptation under migration load: the role of genetic skew
    • Yeaman, S., and F. Guillaume. 2009. Predicting adaptation under migration load: the role of genetic skew. Evolution 63:2926-2938.
    • (2009) Evolution , vol.63 , pp. 2926-2938
    • Yeaman, S.1    Guillaume, F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.