On improving real-time interrupt latencies of hybrid operating systems with two-level hardware interrupts

IEEE Transactions on Computers

Volumn 60, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 978-991

  Liu, Miao ^a   Liu, Duo ^b   Wang, Yi ^b   Wang, Meng ^b   Shao, Zili ^b  

^a BEIHANG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Hybrid operating systems; Linux; real time interrupt latency; RTAI; two level hardware interrupts.

Indexed keywords

HYBRID OPERATING SYSTEMS; INTERRUPT LATENCY; LINUX; RTAI; TWO-LEVEL HARDWARE INTERRUPTS.;

COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEMS; HARDWARE; HYBRID COMPUTERS; HYBRID SYSTEMS; INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION; SWITCHING CIRCUITS; TIME SHARING SYSTEMS;

REAL TIME SYSTEMS;

EID: 79958025558     PISSN: 00189340     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TC.2010.119     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. M. Liu, Z. Shao, M. Wang, H. Wei, and T. Wang, "Implementing Hybrid Operating Systems with Two-Level Hardware Interrupts," Proc. 28th IEEE Int'l Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '07), pp. 244-253, 2007.
2. V. Yodaiken and M. Barabanov, "Real-Time Linux," Proc. Applications Development and Deployment Conf. (USELINUX), Jan. 1997.
3. P. Mantegazza, E.L. Dozio, and S. Papacharalambous, "RTAI: Real Time Application Interface," Linux J., vol. 2000, no. 72es, p. 10, 2000.
4. S. Oikawa and R. Rajkumar, "Linux/RK: A Portable Resource Kernel in Linux," Proc. IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp., 1998.
5. QLinux, http://www.cs.umass.edu/lass/software/qlinux/, 2002.
6. Y.-C. Wang and K.-J. Lin, "Implementing a General Real-Time Framework in The Red-Linux Real-Time Kernel," Proc. 20th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '99), pp. 246-255, 1999.
7. B. Srinivasan, S. Pather, R. Hill, F. Ansari, and D. Niehaus, "A Firm Real-Time System Implementation Using Commercial Off-the-Shelf Hardware and Free Software," Proc. Fourth IEEE RealTime and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp. (RTAS '98), p. 112, 1998.
8. Z. Deng, J. Liu, and J. Sun, "A Scheme for Scheduling Hard RealTime Applications in Open System Environment," Proc. Ninth Euromicro Workshop Real-Time System, pp. 191-199, June 1997.
9. Z. Deng and J.W.-S. Liu, "Scheduling Real-Time Applications in an Open Environment," Proc. 18th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '97), pp. 308-319, 1997.
10. Z. Deng, J.W.-S. Liu, L. Zhang, S. Mouna, and A. Frei, "An Open Environment for Real-Time Applications," Real-Time Systems, vol. 16, nos. 2/3, pp. 155-185, 1999.
11. R.I. Davis and A. Burns, "Resource Sharing in Hierarchical Fixed Priority Pre-Emptive Systems," Proc. 27th IEEE Int'l Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '06), pp. 257-270, 2006.
12. X.A. Feng and A.K. Mok, "A Model of Hierarchical Real-Time Virtual Resources," Proc. 23rd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '02), pp. 26-35, 2002.
13. I. Lee and I. Shin, "Periodic Resource Model for Compositional Real-Time Guarantees," Proc. 24th IEEE Int'l Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '03), pp. 2-13, 2003.
14. A.K. Mok, X.A. Feng, and D. Chen, "Resource Partition for RealTime Systems," Proc. Seventh IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp. (RTAS '01), pp. 75-84, 2001.
15. T.-W. Kuo and C.-H. Li, "A Fixed-Priority-Driven Open Environment for Real-Time Applications," Proc. 20th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '99), pp. 256-267, 1999.
16. G. Lipari and S.K. Baruah, "Efficient Scheduling of Real-Time Multi-Task Applications in Dynamic Systems," Proc. Sixth IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp. (RTAS '00), p. 166, 2000.
17. G. Lipari, E. Bini, and G. Fohler, "A Framework for Composing Real-Time Schedulers," Proc. Int'l Workshop Test and Analysis of Component-Based Systems (ETAPS '03), pp. 133-146, 2003.
18. J. Regehr, A. Reid, K. Webb, M. Parker, and J. Lepreau, "Evolving Real-Time Systems Using Hierarchical Scheduling and Concurrency Analysis," Proc. 24th IEEE Int'l Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '03), pp. 25-36, 2003.
19. J. Regehr and J.A. Stankovic, "HLS: A Framework for Composing Soft Real-Time Schedulers," Proc. 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '01), pp. 3-14, 2001. (Pubitemid 34064477)
20. J.L. Lorente, G. Lipari, and E. Bini, "A Hierarchical Scheduling Model for Component-Based Real-Time Systems," Proc. 20th IEEE Int'l Parallel and Distributed Processing Symp. (IPDPS '06), pp. 25-36, 2006.
21. T.-W. Kuo, K.-J. Lin, and Y.-C. Wang, "An Open Real-Time Environment for Parallel and Distributed Systems," Proc. 20th Int'l Conf. Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS '00), pp. 206-213, 2000.
22. Y. Zhang and R. West, "Process-Aware Interrupt Scheduling and Accounting," Proc. 27th IEEE Int'l Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '06), pp. 191-201, 2006. (Pubitemid 351209730)
23. L. Abeni, A. Goel, C. Krasic, J. Snow, and J. Walpole, "A Measurement-Based Analysis of the Real-Time Performance of Linux," Proc. Eighth IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp. (RTAS '02), pp. 133-142, Sept. 2002.
24. S.A. Banachowski and S.A. Brandt, "Better Real-Time Response for Time-Share Scheduling," Proc. 17th Int'l Symp. Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPDPS '03), p. 124, Apr. 2003.
25. H. Kopetz, "The Time-Triggered Model of Computation," Proc. 19th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '98), pp. 168-177, Dec. 1998.
26. F. Mehnert, M. Hohmuth, and H. Härtig, "Cost and Benefit of Separate Address Spaces in Real-Time Operating Systems," Proc. 23rd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '02), pp. 124-133, 2002.
27. F. Mehnert, M. Hohmuth, S. Onberg, and H. Artig, "RTLinux with Address Spaces," Proc. Third Real-Time Linux Workshop, Nov. 2001.
28. C. Dovrolis, B. Thayer, and P. Ramanathan, "HIP: Hybrid Interrupt-Polling for the Network Interface," ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Rev., vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 50-60, 2001. (Pubitemid 33608744)
29. J. Lee and K.-H. Park, "Delayed Locking Technique for Improving Real-Time Performance of Embedded Linux by Prediction of Timer Interrupt," Proc. 11th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp. (RTAS '05), pp. 487-496, 2005. (Pubitemid 41311499)
30. T. Facchinetti, G.C. Buttazzo, M. Marinoni, and G. Guidi, "Non-Preemptive Interrupt Scheduling for Safe Reuse of Legacy Drivers in Real-Time Systems," Proc. 17th Euromicro Conf. Real-Time Systems (ECRTS '05), pp. 98-105, July 2005. (Pubitemid 44458422)
31. J.C. Mogul and K.K. Ramakrishnan, "Eliminating Receive Live-lock in an Interrupt-Driven Kernel," ACM Trans. Computer Systems, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 217-252, 1997. (Pubitemid 127447757)
32. J. Regehr and U. Duongsaa, "Preventing Interrupt Overload," Proc. ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conf. Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES '05), pp. 50-58, 2005.
33. K. Sandstrom, C. Eriksson, and G. Fohler, "Handling Interrupts with Static Scheduling in an Automotive Vehicle Control System," Proc. Fifth Int'l Workshop Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA '98), pp. 158-165, 1998.
34. D.B. Stewart and G. Arora, "A Tool for Analyzing and Fine Tuning the Real-Time Properties of an Embedded System," IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 311-326, Apr. 2003.
35. J. Yang, Y. Chen, H. Wang, and B. Wang, "A Linux Kernel with Fixed Interrupt Latency for Embedded Real-Time System," Proc. Second Int'l Conf. Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS '05), pp. 127-134, 2005.
36. K.W. Batcher and R.A. Walker, "Interrupt Triggered Software Prefetching for Embedded CPU Instruction Cache," Proc. 12th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp. (RTAS '06), pp. 91-102, 2006.
37. A. Arnaud and I. Puaut, "Dynamic Instruction Cache Locking in Hard Real-Time Systems," Proc. 14th Int'l Conf. Real-Time and Network Systems (RNTS '06), May 2006.
38. D. Seal, ARM Architecture Reference Manual, second ed., Addison-Wesley, Nov. 2000.
39. Intel Inc., Intel PXA27x Processor Family Developer's Manual, Jan. 2006.
40. mplayer, http://www.mplayerhq.hu/, 2009.
41. Bonnie, http://www.garloff.de/kurt/linux/bonnie/, 1996.
42. iperf, http://dast.nlanr.net/projects/iperf, 2005.
43. K. Yaghmour, "Adaptive Domain Environment for Operating Systems," June 2002.
44. J.J. Labrosse, MicroC/OS-II: The Real-Time Kernel, second ed., CMP Books, Apr. 2002.
45. R. West and G. Parmer, "Application-Specific Service Technologies for Commodity Operating Systems in Real-Time Environments," Proc. 12th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp. (RTAS '06), pp. 3-13, 2006. (Pubitemid 44539753)
46. G. Parmer and R. West, "Hijack: Taking Control of COTS Systems for Real-Time User-Level Services," Proc. 13th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp. (RTAS '07), pp. 133-146, 2007.
47. G. Parmer and R. West, "Predictable Interrupt Management and Scheduling in the Composite Component-Based System," Proc. Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '08), pp. 232-243, 2008.
48. G. Parmer and R. West, "Mutable Protection Domains: Towards a Component-Based System for Dependable and Predictable Computing," Proc. 28th IEEE Int'l Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '07), pp. 365-378, 2007.
49. K.W. Tindell, A. Burns, and A.J. Wellings, "An Extendible Approach for Analyzing Fixed Priority Hard Real-Time Tasks," Real-Time Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 133-151, 1994.
50. A. Arnaud and I. Puaut, "Towards a Predictable and High Performance Use of Instruction Caches in Hard Real-Time Systems," Proc. Work-in-Progress Session of the 15th Euromicro Conf. Real-Time Systems (ECRTS '03), pp. 61-64, July 2003.
51. A.M. Campoy, A. Perles, F. Rodriguez, and J.V. Busquets-Mataix, "Static Use of Locking Caches vs. Dynamic Use of Locking Caches for Real-Time Systems," Proc. Canadian Conf. Electrical and Computer Eng. (CCECE '03), vol. 2, pp. 1283-1286, 2003.
52. M. Campoy, A. Ivars, and J. Busquets-Mataix, "Static Use of Locking Caches in Multitask Preemptive Real-Time Systems," Proc. IEEE Real-Time Embedded System Workshop (Satellite of the IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp.), 2001.
53. R. Kirner and M. Schoeberl, "Modeling the Function Cache for Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis," Proc. 44th Ann. Design Automation Conf. (DAC '07), pp. 471-476, 2007. (Pubitemid 47130012)
54. I. Puaut and D. Decotigny, "Low-Complexity Algorithms for Static Cache Locking in Multitasking Hard Real-Time Systems," Proc. 23rd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '02), pp. 114-123, 2002.
55. X. Vera, B. Lisper, and J. Xue, "Data Caches in Multitasking Hard Real-Time Systems," Proc. 24th IEEE Int'l Real-Time Systems Symp. (RTSS '03), pp. 154-165, 2003.