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79957917851
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note
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3) δ 189.4, 149.0, 145.9, 145.5, 140.8, 140.1, 129.9, 128.3, 124.8, 123.0, 122.9, 119.7, 118.7, 113.0, 110.6, 56.0 ppm.
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25
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79957917340
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note
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3) δ 8.38 (t, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.07 (m, 2H), 7.92 (m, 3H), 7.83
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26
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79957919119
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note
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2 at 37 °C;
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27
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79957883645
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3 cells/well and cultured in α-minimal essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% FBS in the presence of 100 ng/ml RANKL (R&D Systems Inc., MN). The following day, serially diluted chemicals were added into cells to make a final concentration of 0.3-30 μM. On day 4, multinucleated osteoclasts were visualized by TRAP staining using a leukocyte acid phosphatase kit 387-A (Sigma, MO);
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28
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79957882375
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note
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(c) TRAP activity assay. The multinucleated cells were fixed with 10% formalin for 10 min and 95% ethanol for 1 min, and then dried. To measure TRAP activity, 100 μl of citrate buffer (50 mM, pH 4.6) containing 10 mM sodium tartrate and 5 mM p-nitrophenylphosphate (Sigma) was added to the dried cell-containing wells of 96-well plates. After incubation for 30 min, the enzyme reaction mixtures were transferred into the well of fresh plates containing an equal volume of 0.1 N NaOH. Absorption was measured at 410 nm with Wallac EnVision HTS microplate reader (PerlinElmer, Finland);
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29
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79957889397
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note
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(d) Statistical analysis. Significance was determined using the Student's t-test and differences were considered significant when p <0.05.
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