Unacylated, acylated ghrelin and obestatin levels are differently inhibited by oral glucose load in pediatric obesity: Association with insulin sensitivity and metabolic alterations

e-SPEN

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2011, Pages

  Prodam, Flavia ^a   Trovato, Letizia ^a   Demarchi, Irene ^a   Busti, Arianna ^a   Petri, Antonella ^a   Moia, Stefania ^a   Walker, Gillian E ^a   Aimaretti, Gianluca ^a   Bona, Gianni ^a   Bellone, Simonetta ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PIEDMONT   (Italy)

Author keywords

Ghrelin; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Obestatin; Pediatric

Indexed keywords

GHRELIN; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN; OBESTATIN;

ACYLATION; ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; INSULIN RELEASE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; SCHOOL CHILD;

EID: 79957786609     PISSN: 17514991     EISSN: 17514991     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eclnm.2011.04.001     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. van der Lely A.J., Tschop M., Heiman M.L., Ghigo E. Biological, physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin. Endocr Rev 2004, 25:426-457.
2. Wiedmer P., Nogueiras R., Broglio F., D'Alessio D., Tschop M.H. Ghrelin, obesity and diabetes. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2007, 3:705-712.
3. Gutierrez J.A., Solenberg P.J., Perkins D.R., Willency J.A., Knierman M.D., Jin Z., et al. Ghrelin octanoylation mediated by an orphan lipid transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008, 105:6320-6325.
4. Andralojc K.M., Mercalli A., Nowak K.W., Albarello L., Calcagno R., Luzi L., et al. Ghrelin-producing epsilon cells in the developing and adult human pancreas. Diabetologia 2009, 52:486-493.
5. Ragvin A., Moro E., Fredman D., Navratilova P., Drivenes O., Engstrom P.G., et al. Long-range gene regulation links genomic type 2 diabetes and obesity risk regions to HHEX, SOX4, and IRX3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010, 107:775-780.
6. Gauna C., Delhanty P.J., Hofland L.J., Janssen J.A., Broglio F., Ross R.J., et al. Ghrelin stimulates, while des-octanoyl ghrelin inhibits, glucose output by primary hepatocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 90:1055-1060.
7. Dezaki K., Sone H., Yada T. Ghrelin is a physiological regulator of insulin release in pancreatic islets and glucose homeostasis. Pharmacol Ther 2008, 118:239-249.
8. Barber T.M., Casanueva F.F., Karpe F., Lage M., Franks S., McCarthy M.I., et al. Ghrelin levels are suppressed and show a blunted response to oral glucose in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2008, 158:511-516.
9. Wang X.M., Jiang Y.J., Liang L., Du L.Z. Changes of ghrelin following oral glucose tolerance test in obese children with insulin resistance. World J Gastroenterol 2008, 14:1919-1924.
10. Purnell J.Q., Weigle D.S., Breen P., Cummings D.E. Ghrelin levels correlate with insulin levels, insulin resistance, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not with gender, menopausal status, or cortisol levels in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003, 88:5747-5752.
11. Baldelli R., Bellone S., Castellino N., Petri A., Rapa A., Vivenza D., et al. Oral glucose load inhibits circulating ghrelin levels to the same extent in normal and obese children. Clin Endocrinol 2006, 64:255-259.
12. Prodam F., Me E., Riganti F., Gramaglia E., Bellone S., Baldelli R., et al. The nutritional control of ghrelin secretion in humans: the effects of enteral vs. parenteral nutrition. Eur J Nutr 2006, 45:399-405.
13. Langenberg C., Bergstrom J., Laughlin G.A., Barrett-Connor E. Ghrelin and the metabolic syndrome in older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90:6448-6453.
14. Barazzoni R., Zanetti M., Ferreira C., Vinci P., Pirulli A., Mucci M., et al. Relationship between desacylated and acylated ghrelin and insulin sensitivity in the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007, 92:3935-3940.
15. Bacha F., Arslanian S.A. Ghrelin suppression in overweight children: a manifestation of insulin resistance?. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90:2725-2730.
16. Zhang J.V., Ren P.G., vsian-Kretchmer O., Luo C.W., Rauch R., Klein C., et al. Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin's effects on food intake. Science 2005, 310:996-999.
17. Tang S.Q., Jiang Q.Y., Zhang Y.L., Zhu X.T., Shu G., Gao P., et al. Obestatin: its physicochemical characteristics and physiological functions. Peptides 2008, 29:639-645.
18. Granata R., Volante M., Settanni F., Gauna C., Ghe C., Annunziata M., et al. Unacylated ghrelin and obestatin increase islet cell mass and prevent diabetes in streptozotocin-treated newborn rats. J Mol Endocrinol 2010, 45:9-17.
19. Guo Z.F., Zheng X., Qin Y.W., Hu J.Q., Chen S.P., Zhang Z. Circulating preprandial ghrelin to obestatin ratio is increased in human obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007, 92:1875-1880.
20. Anderwald-Stadler M., Krebs M., Promintzer M., Mandl M., Bischof M.G., Nowotny P., et al. Plasma obestatin is lower at fasting and not suppressed by insulin in insulin-resistant humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007, 293:E1393-E1398.
21. Vicennati V., Genghini S., De Iasio R., Pasqui F., Pagotto U., Pasquali R. Circulating obestatin levels and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio in obese women. Eur J Endocrinol 2007, 157:295-301.
22. Reinehr T., de Sousa G., Roth C. Obestatin and ghrelin levels in obese children and adolescents before and after weight reduction. Clin Endocrinol 2008, 68:304-310.
23. Balagopal P.B., Gidding S.S., Buckloch L.M., Yarandi H.N., Sylvester J.E., George D.E., et al. Changes in circulating satiety hormones in obese children: a randomized controlled physical activity-based intervention study. Obesity 2010, 18:1747-1753.
24. Kim S.W., Kim K.W., Shin C.S., Park d.J., Park K.S., Cho B.Y., et al. Acylated ghrelin secretion is acutely suppressed by oral glucose load or insulin-induced hypoglycemia independently of basal growth hormone secretion in humans. Horm Res 2007, 67:211-219.
25. Paik K.H., Choe Y.H., Park W.H., Oh Y.J., Kim A.H., Chu S.H., et al. Suppression of acylated ghrelin during oral glucose tolerance test is correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006, 91:1876-1881.
26. Harada T., Nakahara T., Yasuhara D., Kojima S., Sagiyama K., Amitani H., et al. Obestatin, acyl ghrelin, and des-acyl ghrelin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test in the restricting type of anorexia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 2008, 63:245-247.
27. Lanyi E., Csernus K., Erhardt E., Toth K., Urban B., Lenard L., et al. Plasma levels of acylated ghrelin during an oral glucose tolerance test in obese children. J Endocrinol Invest 2007, 30:133-137.
28. Pacifico L., Poggiogalle E., Costantino F., Anania C., Ferraro F., Chiarelli F., et al. Acylated and nonacylated ghrelin levels and their associations with insulin resistance in obese and normal weight children with metabolic syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2009, 161:861-870.
29. Choi H.J., Cho Y.M., Moon M.K., Choi H.H., Shin H.D., Jang H.C., et al. Polymorphisms in the ghrelin gene are associated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and not with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Koreans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006, 91:4657-4663.
30. Li Z.F., Guo Z.F., Cao J., Hu J.Q., Zhao X.X., Xu R.L., et al. Plasma ghrelin and obestatin levels are increased in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Peptides 2010, 31:297-300.
31. Cacciari E., Milani S., Balsamo A., Spada E., Bona G., Cavallo L., et al. Italian cross-sectional growth charts for height, weight and BMI (2 to 20 yr). J Endocrinol Invest 2006, 29:581-593.
32. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004, 114:555-576.
33. Cruz M.L., Goran M.I. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Curr Diab Rep 2004, 4:53-62.
34. McCarthy H.D., Jarrett K.V., Crawley H.F. The development of waist circumference percentiles in British children aged 5.0-16.9 y. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001, 55:902-907.
35. Daniels S.R., Greer F.R. Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood. Pediatrics 2008, 122:198-208.
36. DeFronzo R.A., Banerji M.A., Bray G.A., Buchanan T.A., Clement S., Henry R.R., et al. Determinants of glucose tolerance in impaired glucose tolerance at baseline in the Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW) study. Diabetologia 2010, 53:435-445.
37. Mackelvie K.J., Meneilly G.S., Elahi D., Wong A.C., Barr S.I., Chanoine J.P. Regulation of Appetite in lean and obese adolescents following exercise: role of acylated and Desacyl ghrelin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007, 92:648-654.
38. Park W.H., Oh Y.J., Kim G.Y., Kim S.E., Paik K.H., Han S.J., et al. Obestatin is not elevated or correlated with insulin in children with prader-willi syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007, 92:229-234.
39. Broglio F., Prodam F., Riganti F., Gottero C., Destefanis S., Granata R., et al. The continuous infusion of acylated ghrelin enhances growth hormone secretions and worsens glucose metabolism in humans. J Endocrinol Invest 2008, 31:778-794.
40. Zou C.C., Liang L., Wang C.L., Fu J.F., Zhao Z.Y. The change in ghrelin and obestatin levels in obese children after weight reduction. Acta Paediatr 2009, 98:159-165.
41. Holmes E., Davies I., Lowe G., Ranganath L.R. Circulating ghrelin exists in both lipoprotein bound and free forms. Ann Clin Biochem 2009, 46:514-516.