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Volumn 67, Issue 25, 2011, Pages 4696-4709

Synthesis of carba analogs of 6-O-(benzyl)-d-allal- and -d-galactal-derived allyl epoxides and evaluation of the regio- and stereoselective behavior in nucleophilic addition reactions

Author keywords

Allyl epoxides; Glycal carba analogs; Glycomimetics; Nucleophilic addition; Regioselectivity

Indexed keywords

6 (BENZYLOXYMETHYL) 2 ACETOXY 3 CYCLOHEXEN 1 OL; 6 (BENZYLOXYMETHYL) 2 METHYL 3 CYCLOHEXEN 1 OL; 6 (BENZYLOXYMETHYL) 4 ACETOXY 2 CYCLOHEXEN 1 OL; 6 (BENZYLOXYMETHYL) 4 METHOXY 2 CYCLOHEXEN 1 OL; EPOXIDE; GLYCAN DERIVATIVE; NUCLEOPHILE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 79957748403     PISSN: 00404020     EISSN: 14645416     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.036     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (36)
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    • V. Di Bussolo, L. Checchia, M.R. Romano, M. Pineschi, and P. Crotti Org. Lett. 10 2008 2493 2496. Corresponding 4-amino-substituted and 'mixed' oligosaccharides were also synthesized by reiterative application of the same glycosylation process to aziridine 2α
    • (2008) Org. Lett. , vol.10 , pp. 2493-2496
    • Di Bussolo, V.1    Checchia, L.2    Romano, M.R.3    Pineschi, M.4    Crotti, P.5
  • 9
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    • Unpublished results from our laboratory
    • Unpublished results from our laboratory.
  • 10
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    • Epoxides 6α and 6β were prepared as corresponding racemic mixtures, considering that it was not necessary to have them as pure enantiomers for these preliminary studies on their reactivity
    • Epoxides 6α and 6β were prepared as corresponding racemic mixtures, considering that it was not necessary to have them as pure enantiomers for these preliminary studies on their reactivity.
  • 17
    • 79957684118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidently, the corresponding allyl trans-hydroxy acetate 18, the primary reaction product, is hydrolyzed in the reaction mixture to trans diol 13
    • Evidently, the corresponding allyl trans-hydroxy acetate 18, the primary reaction product, is hydrolyzed in the reaction mixture to trans diol 13.
  • 18
    • 79957700983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2) in the presence of TsOH, the reactions are not regioselective, affording a 7:3 (hydrolysis) and 8:2 mixture (methanolysis) of the corresponding anti-1,2-addition product and 1,4-addition products (vide infra and see Table 1)
    • 2) in the presence of TsOH, the reactions are not regioselective, affording a 7:3 (hydrolysis) and 8:2 mixture (methanolysis) of the corresponding anti-1,2-addition product and 1,4-addition products (vide infra and see Table 1).
  • 19
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    • Obviously, the opening reactions of epoxides carried out in the gas-phase have no synthetic valence. They can only give information about the intrinsic reactivity of epoxides unperturbed by the effects of solvation and ion-pairing which affect, to a variable extent, the corresponding processes carried out in solution. Accordingly, this information can often be useful for the rationalization of the regio- and stereoselective behavior of the same epoxides in opening reactions carried out in the condensed phase. See, as an example: P. Crotti, V. Di Bussolo, F. Macchia, L. Favero, M. Pineschi, L. Lucarelli, G. Roselli, and G. Renzi J. Phys. Org. Chem. 18 2005 321 328 and references therein
    • (2005) J. Phys. Org. Chem. , vol.18 , pp. 321-328
    • Crotti, P.1    Di Bussolo, V.2    MacChia, F.3    Favero, L.4    Pineschi, M.5    Lucarelli, L.6    Roselli, G.7    Renzi, G.8
  • 20
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    • +, the necessary gaseous catalyst of the reaction. The crude reaction product was examined by GC/MS (see Experimental section)
    • +, the necessary gaseous catalyst of the reaction. The crude reaction product was examined by GC/MS (see Experimental section).
  • 21
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    • 4/MeOH)
    • 4/MeOH).
  • 22
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    • These results would indicate that in epoxide 6β, the C(2) oxirane carbon is largely the more reactive center of the allyl system, to the point that in the presence of a low amount of O-nucleophile, it becomes the only reactive one
    • These results would indicate that in epoxide 6β, the C(2) oxirane carbon is largely the more reactive center of the allyl system, to the point that in the presence of a low amount of O-nucleophile, it becomes the only reactive one.
  • 23
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    • The result obtained by AcOH/TsOH under protocol B reaction conditions (entry 8, Table 1) turned out to be particularly useful for the synthesis of epoxide 6α (see Scheme 7)
    • The result obtained by AcOH/TsOH under protocol B reaction conditions (entry 8, Table 1) turned out to be particularly useful for the synthesis of epoxide 6α (see Scheme 7).
  • 24
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    • 1H NMR conformational analysis. A similar result was previously obtained by a theoretical conformational analysis carried out on the corresponding 6-methyl substituted epoxides, see: P. Crotti, V. Di Bussolo, C.S. Pomelli, and L. Favero Theor. Chem. Account 122 2009 245 256
    • (2009) Theor. Chem. Account , vol.122 , pp. 245-256
    • Crotti, P.1    Di Bussolo, V.2    Pomelli, C.S.3    Favero, L.4
  • 25
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    • The possibility that a corresponding syn-1,2-addition process of epoxide 6α can occur by an equatorial opening of the oxirane ring through the less stable conformer 6α″-H cannot reasonably be ruled out (Scheme 13). However, it was demonstrated that, in nucleophilic opening reactions, the 'axial cleavage' of 1,2-epoxycyclohexanes is easier than the corresponding 'equatorial cleavage' and favours the syn stereoselectivity of the addition process. See: C. Battistini, P. Crotti, D. Damiani, and F. Macchia J. Org. Chem. 44 1979 1643 1647 and references therein.
    • (1979) J. Org. Chem. , vol.44 , pp. 1643-1647
    • Battistini, C.1    Crotti, P.2    Damiani, D.3    MacChia, F.4
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    • As previously demonstrated in the case of 2-aryl-oxiranes, we think that the syn-1,2-addition process leading to cis-2-acetoxy alcohol 27 derives from a nucleophile-separated ion-dipole pair, such as 34, followed by nucleophilic pseudoequatorial attack on the partially developed C(2) carbocation with retention of configuration (Scheme 13). See Ref. 12 and P. Crotti, G. Dell'Omodarme, M. Ferretti, and F. Macchia J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109 1987 1463 1469
    • (1987) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.109 , pp. 1463-1469
    • Crotti, P.1    Dell'Omodarme, G.2    Ferretti, M.3    MacChia, F.4
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    • 2 which are rapidly transformed into the furane derivative 1-F (unpublished results from our laboratory; for the sake of simplicity, only epoxide 1β is shown). For the formation of 1-F, see
    • 2 which are rapidly transformed into the furane derivative 1-F (unpublished results from our laboratory; for the sake of simplicity, only epoxide 1β is shown). For the formation of 1-F, see: Zamojski, A.; Chmielewski, M.; Konowal, A. Tetrahedron 1970, 26, 183-189.
    • (1970) Tetrahedron , vol.26 , pp. 183-189
    • Zamojski, A.1    Chmielewski, M.2    Konowal, A.3
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    • 3 was added, was a fast formation of ketone 39 observed
    • 3 was added, was a fast formation of ketone 39 observed.
  • 32
    • 79957719465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actually, epoxide 6α can react also by means of the less stable conformer 6α″. However, in the discussion, the attention was directed toward the more stable conformer 6α′ because only in this conformer a more favorable axial opening of the oxirane ring can occur (see Ref. 17a)
    • Actually, epoxide 6α can react also by means of the less stable conformer 6α″. However, in the discussion, the attention was directed toward the more stable conformer 6α′ because only in this conformer a more favorable axial opening of the oxirane ring can occur (see Ref. 17a ).
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    • For a review on this topic, see also: M. Pineschi New J. Chem. 28 2004 657 665
    • (2004) New J. Chem. , vol.28 , pp. 657-665
    • Pineschi, M.1


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