Decomposing income-related inequality in cervical screening in 67 countries

International Journal of Public Health

Volumn 56, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 139-152

  McKinnon, Brittany ^a   Harper, Sam ^a   Moore, Spencer ^b  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cervical cancer screening; Decomposition; Socioeconomic inequality

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICA; ARTICLE; ASIA; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; CULTURAL FACTOR; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCOME; MIDDLE AGED; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS; UTERINE CERVIX TUMOR; VAGINA SMEAR; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

ADULT; AFRICA; AMERICAS; ASIA; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER; EUROPE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCOME; MIDDLE AGED; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS; VAGINAL SMEARS; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 79957443169     PISSN: 16618556     EISSN: 1420911X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00038-010-0224-6     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Akers AY, Newmann SJ, Smith JS (2007) Factors underlying disparities in cervical cancer incidence, screening, and treatment in the United States. Curr Probl Cancer 31(3):157-181. doi: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2007.01.001 (Pubitemid 46818418)
2. Albuquerque KM, Frias PG, Andrade CL, Aquino EM, Menezes G, Szwarcwald CL (2009) Pap smear coverage and factors associated with non-participation in cervical cancer screening: an analysis of the cervical cancer prevention program in Pernambuco state, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 25 Suppl 2:S301-S309. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2009001400012
3. Alves C, Alves L, Lunet N (2009) Prevalence and determinants of cervical cytology use in an urban sample of Portuguese women. Eur J Cancer Prev. doi:10.1097/CEJ.0b013e328330eb47
4. Arrossi S, Ramos S, Paolino M, Sankaranarayanan R (2008) Social inequality in Pap smear coverage: identifying under-users of cervical cancer screening in Argentina. Reprod Health Matters 16(32):50-58. doi:10.1016/S0968- 8080(08)32410-0
5. Baker D, Middleton E (2003) Cervical screening, health inequality in England in the 1990. J Epidemiol Community Health 57(6):417-423 (Pubitemid 36713003)
6. Chan C, Ho SC, Chan SG, Yip YB, Wong FC, Cheng F (2002) Factors affecting uptake of cervical and breast cancer screening among perimenopausal women in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 8(5):334-341
7. Clarke PM, Gerdtham U-G, Johannesson M, Bingefors K, Smith L (2002) On the measurement of relative and absolute incomerelated health inequality. Soc Sci Med 55(11):1923-1928 (Pubitemid 36158894)
8. Eaker S, Adami HO, Sparen P (2001) Reasons women do not attend screening for cervical cancer: a population-based study in Sweden. Prev Med 32(6):482-491. doi:10.1006/pmed.2001.0844S0091-7435(01)90844-8 (Pubitemid 32568518)
9. Erreygers G (2009) Correcting the concentration index. J Health Econ 28(2):504-515. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.02.003
10. Ferguson BD, Tandon A, Gakidou E, Murray CJ (2003) Estimating permanent income using indicator variables. In: Murray CJL, Evans DB (eds) Health systems performance assessment: debates methods and empiricism. World Health Organization, Geneva, p 927
11. Forbes C, Jepson R, Martin-Hirsch P (2002) Interventions targeted at women to encourage the uptake of cervical screening. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD002834. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002834
12. Gakidou E, Vayena E (2007) Use of modern contraception by the poor is falling behind. PLoS Med 4(2):e31. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040031 (Pubitemid 46354451)
13. Gakidou E, Oza S, Vidal Fuertes C, Li AY, Lee DK, Sousa A, Hogan MC, Vander Hoorn S, Ezzati M (2007) Improving child survival through environmental and nutritional interventions: the importance of targeting interventions toward the poor. JAMA 298(16):1876-1887. doi:10.1001/jama.298.16.1876 (Pubitemid 350005232)
14. Gakidou E, Nordhagen S, Obermeyer Z (2008) Coverage of cervical cancer screening in 57 countries: low average levels and large inequalities. PLoS Med 5(6):e132
15. Gravelle H (2003) Measuring income related inequality in health: standardisation and the partial concentration index. Health Econ 12(10):803-819 (Pubitemid 37220632)
16. Gwatkin DR, Rutstein S, Johnson K, Suliman E, Wagstaff A, Amouzou A (2007) Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population within developing countries: an overview. Niger J Clin Pract 10(4):272-282
17. Harper S, Lynch J (2007) Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in adult health behaviors among US states, 1990-2004. Public Health Rep 122(2):177-189
18. Howard M, Agarwal G, Lytwyn A (2009) Accuracy of self-reports of Pap and mammography screening compared to medical record: a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 20(1):1-13. doi:10.1007/s10552-008-9228-4
19. IARC (1986) Screening for squamous cervical cancer: Duration of low risk after negative results of cervical cytology and its implication for screening policies. IARC working group on evaluation of cervical cancer screening programmes. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 293(6548):659-664
20. IARC (2005) IARC handbooks of cancer prevention vol. 10: cervix cancer screening. Lyon, France
21. Kakwani N, Wagstaff A, van Doorslaer E (1997) Socioeconomic inequalities in health: measurement, computation, and statistical inference. J Econom 77(1):87-103 (Pubitemid 127381047)
22. Khadr Z (2009) Monitoring socioeconomic inequity in maternal health indicators in Egypt: 1995-2005. Int J Equity Health 8:38. doi:10.1186/1475-9276- 8-38
23. Lazcano-Ponce EC, Najera-Aguilar P, Buiatti E, Alonso-de-Ruiz P, Kuri P, Cantoral L, Hernandez-Avila M (1997) The cervical cancer screening program in Mexico: problems with access and coverage. Cancer Causes Control 8(5):698-704 (Pubitemid 27404639)
24. Leyden WA, Manos MM, Geiger AM, Weinmann S, Mouchawar J, Bischoff K, Yood MU, Gilbert J, Taplin SH (2005) Cervical cancer in women with comprehensive health care access: attributable factors in the screening process. J Natl Cancer Inst 97(9):675-683. doi:10.1093/jnci/dji115 (Pubitemid 40812631)
25. Martins LFL, Valente JG, Thuler LCS (2009) Factors related to inadequate cervical cancer screening in two Brazilian state capitals. Rev Saude Publica 43(2):318-325
26. Maxwell CJ, Bancej CM, Snider J, Vik SA (2001) Factors important in promoting cervical cancer screening among Canadian women: findings from the 1996-1997 national population health survey (nphs). Can J Public Health 92(2):127-133 (Pubitemid 32440325)
27. Moser K, Patnick J, Beral V (2009) Inequalities in reported use of breast and cervical screening in Great Britain: analysis of cross sectional survey data. BMJ 338:b2025-b2025. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2025
28. O'Donnell O, van Doorslaer E, Wagstaff A, Lindelow M (2007) Analyzing health equity using household survey data: a guide to techniques and their implementation. World Bank, Washington
29. Palencia L, Espelt A, Rodriguez-Sanz M, Puigpinos R, Pons-Vigues M, Pasarin MI, Spadea T, Kunst AE, Borrell C (2010) Socioeconomic inequalities in breast and cervical cancer screening practices in Europe: influence of the type of screening program. Int J Epidemiol. doi:10.1093/ije/dyq003
30. Parikh S, Brennan P, Boffetta P (2003) Meta-analysis of social inequality and the risk of cervical cancer. Int J Cancer 105(5):687-691. doi:10.1002/ijc.11141 (Pubitemid 36687738)
31. Pongou R, Ezzati M, Salomon JA (2006) Household and community socioeconomic and environmental determinants of child nutritional status in Cameroon. BMC Public Health 6:98. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-98 (Pubitemid 44132928)
32. Puig-Tintoré LM, Castellsagué X, Torné A, de Sanjosé S, Cortés J, Roura E, Méndez C, Bosch FX (2008) Coverage and factors associated with cervical cancer screening: Results from the AFRODITA study: a population-based survey in Spain. J Low Genit Tract Dis 12(2):82-89. doi:10.1097/LGT.0b013e3181599c16 (Pubitemid 351457912)
33. Sankaranarayanan R, Boffetta P (2010) Research on cancer prevention, detection and management in low- and medium-income countries. Annals of Oncology: official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology/ESMO. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq049
34. Siahpush M, Singh GK (2002) Sociodemographic predictors of Pap test receipt, currency and knowledge among Australian women. Prev Med 35(4):362-368. doi:S0091743502910868 (Pubitemid 35365402)
35. Sutton S, Rutherford C (2005) Sociodemographic and attitudinal correlates of cervical screening uptake in a national sample of women in Britain. Soc Sci Med 61(11):2460-2465. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.07.017 (Pubitemid 41446249)
36. Todorova I, Baban A, Alexandrova-Karamanova A, Bradley J (2009) Inequalities in cervical cancer screening in Eastern Europe: perspectives from Bulgaria and Romania. Int J Public Health 54(4):222-232. doi:10.1007/s00038-009- 8040-6
37. Ustun B, Chatterji S, Mechbal A, Murray CJ, WHS collaborating groups (2003) The world health surveys. In: Murray CJL, Evans DB (eds) Health systems performance assessment: debates methods and empiricism. World Health Organization, Geneva, pp 797-808
38. Van de Poel E, Hosseinpoor AR, Speybroeck N, Van Ourti T, Vega J (2008) Socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 86(4):282-291 (Pubitemid 351521855)
39. Vapattanawong P, Hogan MC, Hanvoravongchai P, Gakidou E, Vos T, Lopez AD, Lim SS (2007) Reductions in child mortality levels and inequalities in Thailand: analysis of two censuses. Lancet 369(9564):850-855. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60413-9 (Pubitemid 46365902)
40. Wagstaff A (2005) The bounds of the concentration index when the variable of interest is binary, with an application to immunization inequality. Health Econ 14(4):429-432 (Pubitemid 40514755)
41. Wagstaff A, Paci P, Vandoorslaer E (1991) On the measurement of inequalities in health. Soc Sci Med 33(5):545-557
42. Wagstaff A, van Doorslaer E, Watanabe N (2003) On decomposing the causes of health sector inequalities with an application to malnutrition inequalities in Vietnam. J Econ 112(1):207-223
43. Wellensiek N, Moodley M, Moodley J, Nkwanyana N (2002) Knowledge of cervical cancer screening and use of cervical screening facilities among women from various socioeconomic backgrounds in Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. Int J Gynecol Cancer 12(4):376-382 (Pubitemid 34839836)
44. WHO (2002) World health survey: guide to administration and question by question specifications. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/instruments/en/ index.html. Accessed 15 January 2010
45. Winkler J, Bingham A, Coffey P, Handwerker WP (2008) Women's participation in a cervical cancer screening program in northern Peru. Health Educ Res 23(1):10-24. doi:10.1093/her/cyl156
46. Yiengprugsawan V, Lim LL, Carmichael GA, Dear KB, Sleigh AC (2010) Decomposing socioeconomic inequality for binary health outcomes: an improved estimation that does not vary by choice of reference group. BMC Res Notes 3:57. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-3-57