메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 97, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 63-90

"Red Cross, Double Cross": Race and America's world war II-era blood donor service

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 79956340539     PISSN: 00218723     EISSN: 19452314     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/jahist/97.1.63     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (119)
  • 2
    • 84945903250 scopus 로고
    • Report on the American Red Cross Blood Donor Service during World War II
    • typescript, [ca. July 1], esp, box 134-35
    • G. Canby Robinson, "Report on the American Red Cross Blood Donor Service during World War II," typescript, [ca. July 1, 1946], esp. p. 82, box 134-35
    • (1946) , pp. 82
    • Canby Robinson, G.1
  • 3
    • 84945949356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drew Papers
    • Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University, Washington, D.C.
    • Charles R. Drew Papers (Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University, Washington, D.C.).
    • Charles, R.1
  • 4
    • 85006670291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report on the American Red Cross Blood Donor Service during World War II
    • Robinson, "Report on the American Red Cross Blood Donor Service during World War II," 84, 85, 87
    • , vol.84
    • Robinson1
  • 10
    • 84945949571 scopus 로고
    • The Cry for Blood
    • Oct.
    • Noah Fabricant and Leo M. Zimmerman, "The Cry for Blood," Hygeia, 17 (Oct. 1939), 937
    • (1939) Hygeia , vol.17 , pp. 937
    • Fabricant, N.1    Zimmerman, L.M.2
  • 11
    • 84945918647 scopus 로고
    • Donors of 'Fighting Blood' Get Satisfaction, No Ill Effects
    • Feb. 4
    • Ida Jean Kain, "Donors of 'Fighting Blood' Get Satisfaction, No Ill Effects," Washington Post, Feb. 4, 1942, p. 13
    • (1942) Washington Post , pp. 13
    • Kain, I.J.1
  • 13
    • 85006670291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report on the American Red Cross Blood Donor Service during World War II
    • Robinson, "Report on the American Red Cross Blood Donor Service during World War II"
    • Robinson1
  • 14
    • 33845807935 scopus 로고
    • The 'Forgotten Years' of the Negro Revolution
    • June
    • Richard M. Dalfiume, "The 'Forgotten Years' of the Negro Revolution," Journal of American History, 55 (June 1968), 90-106
    • (1968) Journal of American History , vol.55 , pp. 90-106
    • Dalfiume, R.M.1
  • 16
    • 34548032837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black Professionals and Race Consciousness: Origins of the Civil Rights Movement, 1890-1950
    • March
    • Darlene Clark Hine, "Black Professionals and Race Consciousness: Origins of the Civil Rights Movement, 1890-1950," Journal of American History, 89 (March 2003), 82-97
    • (2003) Journal of American History , vol.89 , pp. 82-97
    • Hine, D.C.1
  • 23
    • 0002433603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laissezfaire Racism: The Crystallization of a Kinder, Gentler, Antiblack Ideology
    • Steven A. Tuch and Jack K. Martin, Westport
    • Lawrence Bobo, James R. Kluegel, and Ryan A. Smith, "Laissezfaire Racism: The Crystallization of a Kinder, Gentler, Antiblack Ideology," in Racial Attitudes in the 1990s: Continuity and Change, ed. Steven A. Tuch and Jack K. Martin (Westport, 1997), 15-42
    • (1997) in Racial Attitudes in the 1990s: Continuity and Change , pp. 15-42
    • Bobo, L.1    Kluegel, J.R.2    Smith, R.A.3
  • 25
    • 84944736315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Color-Blind Racism and Racial Indifference: The Role of Racial Apathy in Facilitating Enduring Inequalities
    • Maria Krysan and Amanda Lewis, New York
    • Tyrone A. Forman, "Color-Blind Racism and Racial Indifference: The Role of Racial Apathy in Facilitating Enduring Inequalities," in The Changing Terrain of Race and Ethnicity, ed. Maria Krysan and Amanda Lewis (New York, 2004), 43-66
    • (2004) The Changing Terrain of Race and Ethnicity , pp. 43-66
    • Forman, T.A.1
  • 26
    • 2342518185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Suburban Origins of 'Color-Blind' Conservatism: Middle-Class Consciousness in the Charlotte Busing Crisis
    • May 2004
    • Matthew D. Lassiter, "The Suburban Origins of 'Color-Blind' Conservatism: Middle-Class Consciousness in the Charlotte Busing Crisis," Journal of Urban History, 30 (May 2004), 549-82
    • Journal of Urban History , vol.30 , pp. 549-582
    • Lassiter, M.D.1
  • 27
    • 0002303879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Miscegenation Law, Court Cases, and Ideologies of 'Race' in Twentieth-Century America
    • June
    • Peggy Pascoe, "Miscegenation Law, Court Cases, and Ideologies of 'Race' in Twentieth-Century America," Journal of American History, 83 (June 1996), 44-69
    • (1996) Journal of American History , vol.83 , pp. 44-69
    • Pascoe, P.1
  • 28
    • 40949152989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, Racism, and Antiracism: unesco and the Politics of Presenting Science to the Postwar Public
    • Dec. 2007
    • Michelle Brattain, "Race, Racism, and Antiracism: unesco and the Politics of Presenting Science to the Postwar Public," American Historical Review, 112 (Dec. 2007), 1386-413.
    • American Historical Review , vol.112 , pp. 1386-1413
    • Brattain, M.1
  • 37
    • 85050841416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Boundaries of Social Citizenship: Race, Immigration, and the American Welfare State, 1900-1950
    • Ph.D. diss., Harvard University
    • Cybelle Fox, "The Boundaries of Social Citizenship: Race, Immigration, and the American Welfare State, 1900-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 2007)
    • (2007)
    • Fox, C.1
  • 40
    • 84867791772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darkness of a Different Color: Mexicans and Racial Formation in Greater Chicago, 1916-1960
    • Ph.D. diss., Northwestern University
    • Michael McCoyer, "Darkness of a Different Color: Mexicans and Racial Formation in Greater Chicago, 1916-1960" (Ph.D. diss., Northwestern University, 2007)
    • (2007)
    • McCoyer, M.1
  • 44
    • 84898186577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Our Selma Is Here: The Political and Legal Struggle for Education Equality in Denver, Colorado, and Multiracial Conundrums in American Jurisprudence
    • Fall/Winter
    • Tom I. Romero II, "Our Selma Is Here: The Political and Legal Struggle for Education Equality in Denver, Colorado, and Multiracial Conundrums in American Jurisprudence," Seattle Journal of Social Justice, 3 (Fall/Winter 2004), 73-123.
    • (2004) Seattle Journal of Social Justice , vol.3 , pp. 73-123
    • Romero, T.I.1
  • 49
    • 79958655553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving the West-Coast Japanese
    • Sept. 1942
    • Carey McWilliams, "Moving the West-Coast Japanese," Harper's Magazine, 185 (Sept. 1942), 363
    • Harper's Magazine , vol.185 , pp. 363
    • McWilliams, C.1
  • 51
    • 80455135479 scopus 로고
    • The Blood Banks of the Johns Hopkins Hospital
    • July 20
    • Mark M. Ravitch, "The Blood Banks of the Johns Hopkins Hospital," Journal of the American Medical Association, 115 (July 20, 1940), 171-72
    • (1940) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.115 , pp. 171-172
    • Ravitch, M.M.1
  • 53
    • 84945903565 scopus 로고
    • Red Cross Apes Nazis
    • Dec. 31
    • Albert Deutsch and Tom O'Connor, "Red Cross Apes Nazis," PM, Dec. 31, 1941, p. 14.
    • (1941) PM , pp. 14
    • Deutsch, A.1    O'Connor, T.2
  • 54
    • 84945959139 scopus 로고
    • Red Cross Jim Crow
    • Aug. 16
    • "Red Cross Jim Crow," Baltimore Afro-American, Aug. 16, 1941, p. 4.
    • (1941) Baltimore Afro-American , pp. 4
  • 55
    • 84945977346 scopus 로고
    • Confidential Policy Statement concerning Volunteer Negro Blood Donors
    • Nov. 5, box 909, National Archives Gift Collection.
    • G. Canby Robinson, "Confidential Policy Statement concerning Volunteer Negro Blood Donors," Nov. 5, 1941, box 909, National Archives Gift Collection.
    • (1941)
    • Canby Robinson, G.1
  • 56
    • 85006670291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report on the American Red Cross Blood Donor Service during World War II
    • Robinson, "Report on the American Red Cross Blood Donor Service during World War II," 16, 38.
    • , vol.16 , pp. 38
    • Robinson1
  • 57
    • 84945932022 scopus 로고
    • Red Cross Rejects Negro Blood Donors
    • Dec. 22
    • "Red Cross Rejects Negro Blood Donors," PM, Dec. 22, 1941, p. 10.
    • (1941) PM , pp. 10
  • 58
    • 84945913817 scopus 로고
    • Red Cross Bans Negro Blood!
    • Dec. 27
    • "Red Cross Bans Negro Blood!," Cleveland Call and Post, Dec. 27, 1941, p. 1.
    • (1941) Cleveland Call and Post , pp. 1
  • 59
    • 84945970550 scopus 로고
    • Metheusalah's Prayer
    • Jan. 10
    • Chas. H. Loeb, "Metheusalah's Prayer," Cleveland Call and Post, Jan. 10, 1942, p. 12.
    • (1942) Cleveland Call and Post , pp. 12
    • Loeb, C.H.1
  • 60
    • 84945980698 scopus 로고
    • No Negro Blood Wanted
    • Jan. 3
    • "No Negro Blood Wanted," Baltimore Afro- American, Jan. 3, 1942, p. 2
    • (1942) Baltimore Afro- American , pp. 2
  • 61
    • 84945965043 scopus 로고
    • The Watchtower
    • New York Amsterdam Star News, Jan. 17
    • "The Watchtower," New York Amsterdam Star News, Jan. 17, 1942, p. 7
    • (1942) , pp. 7
  • 62
    • 84945912822 scopus 로고
    • One Blood
    • Jan. 17
    • "One Blood," Cleveland Call and Post, Jan. 17, 1942, p. 1.
    • (1942) Cleveland Call and Post , pp. 1
  • 63
    • 84945974274 scopus 로고
    • Letters to and from the Editor
    • Jan. 7
    • "Letters to and from the Editor," PM, Jan. 7, 1942, p. 22;
    • (1942) PM , pp. 22
  • 64
    • 84945952904 scopus 로고
    • 'No Donation to Red Cross' Say Workers
    • Jan. 31
    • "'No Donation to Red Cross' Say Workers," Chicago Defender, Jan. 31, 1942, p. 2;
    • (1942) Chicago Defender , pp. 2
  • 65
    • 84945927149 scopus 로고
    • 2,000 Hear Inspiring Emancipation Speech
    • Jan. 10
    • "2,000 Hear Inspiring Emancipation Speech," Cleveland Call and Post, Jan. 10, 1942, p. 2A
    • (1942) Cleveland Call and Post , pp. 2A
  • 66
    • 84945949163 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to Red Cross Includes Letter of Protest from Claver's Girl Scout Troop
    • Feb. 28
    • "Contribution to Red Cross Includes Letter of Protest from Claver's Girl Scout Troop," New York Amsterdam Star News, Feb. 28, 1942, p. 18
    • (1942) New York Amsterdam Star News , pp. 18
  • 67
    • 84945959378 scopus 로고
    • Blood Bank 'Insult' Stirs Protest
    • Jan. 10
    • "Blood Bank 'Insult' Stirs Protest," Cleveland Call and Post, Jan. 10, 1942, pp. 1A-2A.
    • (1942) Cleveland Call and Post , pp. 1A-2A
  • 68
    • 84945978765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Judge Hastie, World War II, and Army Racism
    • Oct. 1977
    • Phillip McGuire, "Judge Hastie, World War II, and Army Racism," Journal of Negro History, 62 (Oct. 1977), 355-56.
    • Journal of Negro History , vol.62 , pp. 355-356
    • McGuire, P.1
  • 69
    • 84945953126 scopus 로고
    • LaGuardia Asked to Ban Red Cross Blood Banks
    • Jan. 24
    • "LaGuardia Asked to Ban Red Cross Blood Banks," New York Amsterdam Star News, Jan. 24, 1942, p. 21
    • (1942) New York Amsterdam Star News , pp. 21
  • 70
    • 84945929971 scopus 로고
    • Who's Lying, Navy or Red Cross?
    • Jan. 24
    • "Who's Lying, Navy or Red Cross?," Baltimore Afro-American, Jan. 24, 1942, p. 1
    • (1942) Baltimore Afro-American , pp. 1
  • 71
    • 84945931126 scopus 로고
    • Navy Does Accept Race Blood Givers
    • Jan. 22
    • "Navy Does Accept Race Blood Givers," California Eagle, Jan. 22, 1942, p. 1-A
    • (1942) California Eagle , pp. 1-A
  • 72
    • 84945930405 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Navy Puts Red Cross on Spot
    • Jan. 24
    • "U.S. Navy Puts Red Cross on Spot," Pittsburgh Courier, Jan. 24, 1942, pp. 1, 3
    • (1942) Pittsburgh Courier
  • 73
    • 84945980002 scopus 로고
    • Navy's Reply Puts Red Cross 'On the Spot,'
    • Jan. 24
    • Chas. H. Loeb, "Navy's Reply Puts Red Cross 'On the Spot,'" Cleveland Call and Post, Jan. 24, 1942, p. 1
    • (1942) Cleveland Call and Post , pp. 1
    • Loeb, C.H.1
  • 74
    • 84945962302 scopus 로고
    • No Bar to Negroes as Blood Donors
    • Jan. 18
    • "No Bar to Negroes as Blood Donors," New York Times, Jan. 18, 1942, p. 16.
    • (1942) New York Times , pp. 16
  • 75
    • 84945893988 scopus 로고
    • Red Cross Accepts Blood of Criminals
    • March 7
    • "Red Cross Accepts Blood of Criminals," Cleveland Call and Post, March 7, 1942, p. 2.
    • (1942) Cleveland Call and Post , pp. 2
  • 76
    • 84945926742 scopus 로고
    • Blood Bank Jim Crow Being Fought at Red Cross Door
    • Aug. 21
    • "Blood Bank Jim Crow Being Fought at Red Cross Door," Chicago Defender, Aug. 21, 1943, p. 12
    • (1943) Chicago Defender , pp. 12
  • 77
    • 84945969057 scopus 로고
    • Mexican Group Donates Blood to Aid Victory
    • July 2
    • "Mexican Group Donates Blood to Aid Victory," Los Angeles Times, July 2, 1943, p. A2.
    • (1943) Los Angeles Times , pp. A2
  • 78
    • 85006670291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report on the American Red Cross Blood Donor Service during World War II
    • Robinson, "Report on the American Red Cross Blood Donor Service during World War II," 28-29, 56.
    • , vol.28-29 , pp. 56
    • Robinson1
  • 79
    • 84945894363 scopus 로고
    • The American Red Cross
    • Feb. 7
    • The American Red Cross," Chicago Defender, Feb. 7, 1942, p. 14
    • (1942) Chicago Defender , pp. 14
  • 80
    • 84945918432 scopus 로고
    • Red Cross Tries Cajoling
    • Feb. 14
    • "Red Cross Tries Cajoling," Cleveland Call and Post, Feb. 14, 1942, p. 12.
    • (1942) Cleveland Call and Post , pp. 12
  • 81
    • 84865441422 scopus 로고
    • Views and Reviews
    • April 17
    • George S. Schuyler, "Views and Reviews," Pittsburgh Courier, April 17, 1943, p. 13
    • (1943) Pittsburgh Courier , pp. 13
    • Schuyler, G.S.1
  • 82
    • 84900922557 scopus 로고
    • Here to Yonder
    • Dec. 12
    • Langston Hughes, "Here to Yonder," Chicago Defender, Dec. 12, 1942, p. 12
    • (1942) Chicago Defender , pp. 12
    • Hughes, L.1
  • 85
    • 84945953098 scopus 로고
    • Letter Box
    • Jan. 24
    • "Letter Box," Cleveland Call and Post, Jan. 24, 1942, p. 12.
    • (1942) Cleveland Call and Post , pp. 12
  • 86
    • 84945895425 scopus 로고
    • Blood Is the Same to Navy; Not Army
    • July 11
    • "Blood Is the Same to Navy; Not Army," Pittsburgh Courier, July 11, 1942, p. 12
    • (1942) Pittsburgh Courier , pp. 12
  • 87
    • 84945959016 scopus 로고
    • Jim Crow Blood Policy Stands
    • Feb. 26
    • Alfred E. Smith, "Jim Crow Blood Policy Stands," Chicago Defender, Feb. 26, 1944, p. 18
    • (1944) Chicago Defender , pp. 18
    • Smith, A.E.1
  • 88
    • 47549086319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American Physicians and Organized Medicine, 1846-1968: Origins of a Racial Divide
    • July 16
    • Robert B. Baker et al., "African American Physicians and Organized Medicine, 1846-1968: Origins of a Racial Divide," Journal of the American Medical Association, 300 (July 16, 2008), 306-13.
    • (2008) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.300 , pp. 306-313
    • Baker, R.B.1
  • 89
    • 84945979390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not Scientific: Aversion to Non-Caucasian Blood Is Emotional, Not Factual
    • Oct. 1942
    • "Not Scientific: Aversion to Non-Caucasian Blood Is Emotional, Not Factual," Scientific American, 167 (Oct. 1942), 173-74
    • Scientific American , vol.167 , pp. 173-174
  • 90
    • 84945959016 scopus 로고
    • Jim Crow Blood Policy Stands
    • Feb. 26
    • Alfred E. Smith, "Jim Crow Blood Policy Stands," Chicago Defender, Feb. 26, 1944, p. 18
    • (1944) Chicago Defender , pp. 18
    • Smith, A.E.1
  • 91
    • 47549086319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American Physicians and Organized Medicine, 1846-1968: Origins of a Racial Divide
    • July 16
    • Robert B. Baker et al., "African American Physicians and Organized Medicine, 1846-1968: Origins of a Racial Divide," Journal of the American Medical Association, 300 (July 16, 2008), 306-13.
    • (2008) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.300 , pp. 306-313
    • Baker, R.B.1
  • 92
    • 84945979390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not Scientific: Aversion to Non-Caucasian Blood Is Emotional, Not Factual
    • Oct. 1942
    • "Not Scientific: Aversion to Non-Caucasian Blood Is Emotional, Not Factual," Scientific American, 167 (Oct. 1942), 173-74
    • Scientific American , vol.167 , pp. 173-174
  • 93
    • 84945939116 scopus 로고
    • Blood and Prejudice
    • June 14
    • Waldemar Kaempffert, "Blood and Prejudice," New York Times, June 14, 1942, p. E11
    • (1942) New York Times , pp. E11
    • Kaempffert, W.1
  • 94
    • 84945915174 scopus 로고
    • Opposition to Segregation of Bloods from White and Negro Donors in Blood Banks
    • July 4
    • "Opposition to Segregation of Bloods from White and Negro Donors in Blood Banks," Journal of the American Medical Association, 119 (July 4, 1942), 801
    • (1942) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.119 , pp. 801
  • 95
    • 4344673190 scopus 로고
    • The Segregation of Bloods
    • July 3
    • "The Segregation of Bloods," Science, 96 (July 3, 1942), 8.
    • (1942) Science , vol.96 , pp. 8
  • 97
    • 84945959052 scopus 로고
    • Red Cross Blood Jim-Crow Scored by Communists at Public Hall Mass Meeting
    • Jan. 31
    • "Red Cross Blood Jim-Crow Scored by Communists at Public Hall Mass Meeting," Cleveland Call and Post, Jan. 31, 1942, p. 3A
    • (1942) Cleveland Call and Post , pp. 3A
  • 98
    • 84945896567 scopus 로고
    • Pupils Assail Blood Policy
    • May 1
    • "Pupils Assail Blood Policy," New York Amsterdam News, May 1, 1943, p. 6
    • (1943) New York Amsterdam News , pp. 6
  • 99
    • 84945922301 scopus 로고
    • Blood Tests by Youths Hit Red Cross Jim Crow Policy
    • April 24
    • Alfred Duckett, "Blood Tests by Youths Hit Red Cross Jim Crow Policy," Chicago Defender, April 24, 1943, p. 8
    • (1943) Chicago Defender , pp. 8
    • Duckett, A.1
  • 102
    • 84945924958 scopus 로고
    • 'Aryan' Blood Demands Handicaps Nazi Wounded
    • March 1
    • "'Aryan' Blood Demands Handicaps Nazi Wounded," New York Times, March 1, 1942, p. 12
    • (1942) New York Times , pp. 12
  • 103
    • 84945964628 scopus 로고
    • Open 'Special' Blood Station for Negroes
    • April 12
    • "Open 'Special' Blood Station for Negroes," Atlanta Daily World, April 12, 1943, p. 1
    • (1943) Atlanta Daily World , pp. 1
  • 104
    • 84945955617 scopus 로고
    • Red Cross Blood Bias Admitted
    • Jan. 31
    • "Red Cross Blood Bias Admitted," Baltimore Afro-American, Jan. 31, 1942, p. 2.
    • (1942) Baltimore Afro-American , pp. 2
  • 105
    • 84865441422 scopus 로고
    • Views and Reviews
    • April 17
    • "Views and Reviews," Pittsburgh Courier, April 17, 1943, p. 13.
    • (1943) Pittsburgh Courier , pp. 13
  • 106
    • 84945943901 scopus 로고
    • No Segregation of Blood in ocd
    • May 30
    • "No Segregation of Blood in ocd," New York Amsterdam Star News, May 30, 1942, p. 7
    • (1942) New York Amsterdam Star News , pp. 7
  • 107
    • 84945951207 scopus 로고
    • Interracial Blood Bank 'Taps' Californians
    • March 7
    • Fritz Cansler, "Interracial Blood Bank 'Taps' Californians," Chicago Defender, March 7, 1942, p. 3
    • (1942) Chicago Defender , pp. 3
    • Cansler, F.1
  • 108
    • 84945976972 scopus 로고
    • Doctors Call Gen. Magee Bottleneck
    • Feb. 7
    • "Doctors Call Gen. Magee Bottleneck," Baltimore Afro-American, Feb. 7, 1942, pp. 1-2
    • (1942) Baltimore Afro-American , pp. 1-2
  • 109
    • 84945903239 scopus 로고
    • Gen. James C. Magee, Led Army Surgeons
    • Oct. 19
    • "Gen. James C. Magee, Led Army Surgeons," New York Times, Oct. 19, 1975, p. 55
    • (1975) New York Times , pp. 55
  • 110
    • 84945979058 scopus 로고
    • James Magee, 92, Ex-Medical Chief
    • Oct. 18
    • "James Magee, 92, Ex-Medical Chief," Washington Post, Oct. 18, 1975, p. A13
    • (1975) Washington Post , pp. A13
  • 112
    • 84945906602 scopus 로고
    • Roosevelt Pays Tribute to Davis
    • July 3
    • "Roosevelt Pays Tribute to Davis," New York Times, July 3, 1944, p. 11
    • (1944) New York Times , pp. 11
  • 113
    • 84945922768 scopus 로고
    • Norman Davis, Red Cross Head, Dies of Cerebral Hemorrhage
    • July 3
    • "Norman Davis, Red Cross Head, Dies of Cerebral Hemorrhage," Washington Post, July 3, 1944, p. 1.
    • (1944) Washington Post , pp. 1
  • 114
    • 84945891723 scopus 로고
    • Ross McIntire, fdr Physician
    • Dec. 9
    • Nate Haseltine, "Ross McIntire, fdr Physician," Washington Post, Dec. 9, 1959, p. B2
    • (1959) Washington Post , pp. B2
    • Haseltine, N.1
  • 115
    • 84945952434 scopus 로고
    • Admiral M'Intire Dead in Chicago
    • Dec. 9
    • "Admiral M'Intire Dead in Chicago," New York Times, Dec. 9, 1959, p. 45
    • (1959) New York Times , pp. 45
  • 117
    • 85006685790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daniel Inouye: Blood Transfusion
    • "Daniel Inouye: Blood Transfusion," videotaped interview, pbs: The War, http://www.pbs.org/thewar/ detail_5293.htm.
    • videotaped interview, pbs: The War
  • 118
    • 84945899393 scopus 로고
    • Blood Policy Unchanged
    • Feb. 10
    • "Blood Policy Unchanged," Chicago Defender, Feb. 10, 1945, p. 3
    • (1945) Chicago Defender , pp. 3
  • 119
    • 84945954813 scopus 로고
    • Men at Front Rap Segregated Policy
    • June 17
    • Ollie Harrington, "Men at Front Rap Segregated Policy," Pittsburgh Courier, June 17, 1944, p. 11.
    • (1944) Pittsburgh Courier , pp. 11
    • Harrington, O.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.