Word order in zero-marking languages

Studies in Language

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 869-912

  Sinnemäki, Kaius ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79956120772     PISSN: 03784177     EISSN: 15699978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1075/sl.34.4.04sin     Document Type: Article

References (124)

1. Adelaar, Willem. 2004. The languages of the Andes (Cambridge Language Surveys). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Agresti, Alan. 2002. Categorical data analysis (2nd edn). New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience.
3. Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2001. Areal diffusion, genetic inheritance, and problems of subgrouping: A North Arawak case study. Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance: Problems in comparative linguistics, Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald & Robert M. W. Dixon (eds.), 167-194. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2006. Grammars in contact: A cross-linguistic perspective. Grammars in contact: A cross-linguistic typology, Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald & Robert M. W. Dixon (eds.), 1-66. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. Baayen, R. Harald. 2008. Analyzing linguistic data: A practical introduction to statistics using R. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6. Baird, Louise. 2002. A grammar of Kéo: An Austronesian language of East Nusantara. Ph. D. diss, Australian National University.
7. Bickel, Balthasar. 2008. A general method for the statistical evaluation of typological distributions. Manuscript, University of Leipzig. http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~bickel/. (17 April 2008.)
8. Bickel, Balthasar. 2010. Distributional biases in language families. Manuscript, University of Leipzig. http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~bickel/. (29 April 2010.)
9. Bickel, Balthasar & Johanna Nichols. 2006. Oceania, the Pacific Rim, and the theory of linguistic areas. Berkeley Linguistics Society (BLS) 32. http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~bickel/research/papers/bickel-nichols-bls32.pdf. (19 September 2008.)
10. Bickel, Balthasar & Johanna Nichols. 2007. Inflectional morphology. Language typology and syntactic description (vol. 3): Grammatical categories and the lexicon, (2nd edn), Timothy Shopen (ed.), 169-240. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11. Blake, Barry J. 2001. Case (2nd edn). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. Brazzale, Alessandra R. & Anthony C. Davison. 2008. Accurate parametric inference for small samples. Statistical Science 23(4):465-484.
13. Brown, Mark. 2004. Topics in Iquito syntax: Word order, possession, and nominal discontinuity. MA thesis, University of Texas.
14. Bybee, Joan L. & Sandra A. Thompson. 1997. Three frequency effects in syntax. Berkeley Linguistics Society (BLS) 23:65-85.
15. Cabral, A. C. Ana Suelly. 1995. Contact-induced language change in the western Amazon: The non-genetic origin of the Kokama language. Ph. D. diss, University of Pittsburgh.
16. Campbell, Lyle. 2006. Areal linguistics: A closer scrutiny. Linguistic areas: Convergence in historical and typological perspective, Yaron Matras, April M. S. McMahon & Nigel Vincent (eds.), 1-31. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
17. Campbell, Lyle, Terrence Kaufman & Thomas C. Smith-Stark. 1986. Meso-America as a linguistic area. Language 62(3):530-570.
18. Childs, Tucker G. 2003. An introduction to African languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
19. Comrie, Bernard. 1989. Language universals and linguistic typology: Syntax and morphology (2nd edn). Oxford: Blackwell.
20. Comrie, Bernard. 2005. Alignment of case marking. The world atlas of language structures, Martin Haspelmath et al. (eds.), 398-405. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
21. Conradie, C. Jac. 2001. The English S-and OF-genitives. The motivated sign: Iconicity in language and literature 2, Olga Fischer & Max Nänny (eds.), 229-247. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
22. Corcoran, Christopher D. & Cyrus R. Mehta. 2002. Exact level and power of permutation, bootstrap, and asymptotic tests of trend. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods 1(1):42-51. (Pubitemid 40665067)
23. Creissels, Denis. 2006. A typology of subject and object markers in African languages. Studies in African linguistic typology, F. K. Erhard Voeltz (ed.), 43-70. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
24. Croft, William. 2002. Typology and universals (2nd edn). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Dahl, Östen. 2008. An exercise in a posteriori language sampling. Language Typology and Universals (STUF) 61(3):208-220.
26. Danchev, Andrei. 1991. Language change typology and some aspects of the SVO development in English. Historical English syntax, Dieter Kastovsky (ed.), 103-124. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter [Topics in English Linguistics 2].
27. Deutscher, Guy. 2000. Stability against the odds: The survival of verb final word order in Akkadian. Stability, variation and change of word-order patterns over time, Rosanna Sornicola, Erich Poppe & Ariel Shisha-Halevy (eds.), 55-69. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
28. Dickens, Patrick. No year. Ju|'hoan grammar. Unpublished manuscript.
29. Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. 2001. Areal diffusion versus genetic inheritance: An African perspective. Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance: Problems in comparative linguistics, Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald & Robert M. W. Dixon (eds.), 359-392. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
30. Dixon, Robert M. W. 2002. The eclectic morphology in Jarawara and the status of the word. Word: A cross-linguistic typology, Robert M. W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds.), 125-152. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
31. Donohue, Mark. 2007. Word order in Austronesian from north to south and west to east. Linguistic Typology 11(2):349-391.
32. Dryer, Matthew S. 1992. The Greenbergian word order correlations. Language 68(1):81-138.
33. Dryer, Matthew S. 1997. On the six-way word order typology. Studies in Language 21(1):69-103.
34. Dryer, Matthew S. 2002. Case distinctions, rich verb agreement, and word order type. Theoretical Linguistics 28(1):151-157.
35. Dryer, Matthew S. 2005a. Genealogical language list. The world atlas of language structures, Martin Haspelmath et al. (eds.), 584-644. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
36. Dryer, Matthew S. 2005b. Order of subject, object, and verb. The world atlas of language structures, Martin Haspelmath et al. (eds.), 330-333. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
37. Du Bois, John W. 1987. The discourse basis of ergativity. Language 63(4):805-855.
38. Durie, Mark. 1986. The grammaticalization of number as a verbal category. Berkeley Linguistics Society (BLS) 12:355-370.
39. Eaton, Helen. 2003. Focus as a key to the grammar of Sandawe. The third languages of Tanzania project workshop, University of Dar es Salaam, 25-26 January 2003. http://www.drhelenipresume.com/papers/LOT3paper.pdf. (17 August 2009)
40. Enfield, Nicholas J. 2005. Areal linguistics and Mainland Southeast Asia. Annual Review of Anthropology 34:181-206. (Pubitemid 41638306)
41. Enfield, Nicholas J. 2007. A grammar of Lao. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
42. Enrico, John. 2003. Haida syntax, vol. 1. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
43. Fenyvesi, Anna. 2005. Hungarian in the United States. Hungarian language contact outside Hungary, Anna Fenyvesi (ed.), 265-318. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
44. Fortescue, Michael. 1984. West Greenlandic. London: Croom Helm.
45. Frajzyngier, Zygmunt & Erin Shay. 2003. Explaining language structure through systems interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
46. Gil, David. 2005. Word order without syntactic categories: How Riau Indonesian does it. Verb first: On the syntax of verb-initial languages, Andrew Carnie, Heidi Harley & Sheila Ann Dooley (eds.), 243-263. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
47. Gil, David. 2008. How complex are isolating languages. Language complexity: Typology, contact, change, Matti Miestamo, Kaius Sinnemäki & Fred Karlsson (eds.), 109-131. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
48. Givón, Talmy. 1981. Typology and functional domains. Studies in Language 5(2):163-193.
49. Givón, Talmy. 1985. Iconicity, isomorphism and non-arbitrary coding in syntax. Iconicity in syntax, John Haiman (ed.), 187-219. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
50. Givón, Talmy. 2001. Syntax: An introduction, vol. 1. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
51. Greenberg, Joseph H. 1966. Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements. Universals of language (2nd edn), Joseph H. Greenberg (ed.), 73-113. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
52. Greenberg, Joseph H. 1978. Diachrony, synchrony and language universals. Universals of human language I: Method and theory, Joseph H. Greenberg, Charles A. Ferguson & Edith A. Moravcsik (eds.), 61-92. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
53. Güldemann, Tom. 2008. The Macro-Sudan belt: Towards identifying a linguistic area in northern Sub-Saharan Africa. A linguistic geography of Africa, Bernd Heine & Derek Nurse (eds.), 151-185. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
54. Haiman, John. 1980. The iconicity of grammar: Isomorphism and motivation. Language 56(3):515-540.
55. Harrell, Frank E., Jr. 2001. Regression modeling strategies: With applications to linear models, logistic regression, and survival analysis. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
56. Harrell, Frank E., Jr. 2009. Design: Design package (R package version 2.3-0). http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/rms. (6 March 2010.)
57. Harris, Alice C. 2008. On the explanation of typologically unusual structures. Linguistic universals and language change, Jef Good (ed.), 54-77. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
58. Harris, Alice C. & Lyle Campbell. 1995. Historical syntax in cross-linguistic perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 74].
59. Haspelmath, Martin. 2008. Frequency vs. iconicity in explaining grammatical asymmetries. Cognitive Linguistics 19(1):1-33.
60. Haspelmath, Martin, Matthew S. Dryer, David Gil & Bernard Comrie (eds.). 2005. The world atlas of language structures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
61. Hawkins, John A. 1983. Word order universals. New York, NY: Academic Press.
62. Hawkins, John A. 2004. Efficiency and complexity in grammars. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
63. Hawkins, John A. 2007. Processing typology and why psychologists need to know about it. New Ideas in Psychology 25(2):87-107.
64. Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva. 2005. Language contact and grammatical change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
65. Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva. 2006. The changing languages of Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
66. Hengeveld, Kees. 2007. Parts-of-speech systems and morphological types. ACLC Working Papers 2(1):31-48.
67. Hengeveld, Kees, Jan Rijkhoff & Anna Siewierska. 2004. Parts-of-speech systems and word order. Journal of Linguistics 40(3):527-570.
68. Hopper, Paul & Elizabeth Traugott. 1993. Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
69. Innes, Gordon. 1971. A practical introduction to Mende. London: University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies.
70. Iwasaki, Shoichi & Preeya Ingkaphirom. 2005. A reference grammar of Thai. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
71. Jackendoff, Ray. 1999. Possible stages in the evolution of the language capacity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3(7):272-279. (Pubitemid 29314519)
72. Janssen, Dirk, Balthasar Bickel & Fernando Zúñiga. 2006. Randomization tests in language typology. Linguistic Typology 10(3):419-440.
73. Jing-Schmidt, Zhuo. 2005. Dramatized discourse: The Mandarin Chinese ba-construction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
74. Johnson, Audrey. 1988. A syntactic sketch of Jamiltepec Mixtec. Studies in the syntax of Mixtecan languages 1, C. Henry Bradley & Barbara E. Hollenbach (eds.), 11-150. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
75. Kilpatrick, Eileen. 1981. Avokaya predication. Occasional Papers in the Study of Sudanese Languages 1:91-109.
76. King, Gareth. 1993. Modern Welsh: A comprehensive grammar. London: Routledge.
77. Klamer, Maria, Ger Reesink & Miriam van Staden. 2008. East Nusantara as a linguistic area. From linguistic areas to areal linguistics, Peter Muysken (ed.), 95-149. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
78. König, Christa. 2008. Khoisan languages. Language and Linguistics Compass 2(5):996-1012.
79. Kusters, Wouter. 2003. Linguistic complexity: The influence of social change on verbal inflection. Ph. D. diss, University of Leiden.
80. Lehmann, Winfred P. 1978. English: A characteristic SVO language. Syntactic typology: Studies in the phenomenology of language, Winfred P. Lehmann (ed.), 169-222. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
81. Lord, Carol. 1982. The development of object markers in serial verb languages. Syntax and semantics (vol. 15): Studies in transitivity, Paul Hopper & Sandra Thompson (eds.), 277-299. New York, NY: Academic Press.
82. Lynch, John, Malcolm Ross & Terry Crowley. 2002. The Oceanic languages. London: Routledge.
83. MacEoin, Gearóid. 1993. Irish. The Celtic languages, Martin J. Ball & James Fife (eds.), 101-144. London: Routledge.
84. Mallinson, Graham & Barry J. Blake. 1981. Language typology: Cross-Linguistic studies in syntax. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.
85. Masica, Colin P. 1991. The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
86. Maslova, Elena. 2000. A dynamic approach to the verification of distributional universals. Linguistic Typology 4(3):307-333.
87. Maslova, Elena & Tatiana Nikitina. 2007. Stochastic universals and dynamics of cross-linguistic distributions: The case of alignment types. Manuscript, Stanford University. http://anothersumma.net/Publications/ Ergativity.pdf. (7 September 2010)
88. McWhorter, John. 2001. The world's simplest grammars are creole grammars. Linguistic Typology 5 (2-3): 125-156.
89. Meyerhoff, Miriam. 2000. The emergence of creole subject-verb agreement and the licensing of null subjects. Language Variation and Change 12(2):203-230.
90. Moravcsik, Edith A. 1980. Review of Syntactic typology: Studies in the phenomenology of language, Winfred P. Lehmann (ed.). Language 56(3):652-655.
91. Nichols, Johanna. 1986. Head-marking and dependent-marking grammar. Language 62(1):56-119.
92. Nichols, Johanna. 1992. Linguistic diversity in space and time. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
93. Nichols, Johanna & Balthasar Bickel. 2005. Locus of marking in the clause; Locus of marking in possessive noun phrases; Locus of marking: Whole-language typology. The world atlas of language structures, Martin Haspelmath et al. (eds.), 98-109. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
94. Nichols, Johanna & Balthasar Bickel. 2009. The Autotyp genealogy and geography database: 2009 release. http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~autotyp/available. html. (10 March, 2010)
95. Norde, Muriel. 2002. The final stages of grammaticalization: Affixes and beyond. New reflections on grammaticalization, Ilse Wischer & Gabriele Diewald (eds.), 45-65. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
96. Palmer, Frank R. 1994. Grammatical roles and relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
97. Peduzzi, Peter, John Concato, Elizabeth Kemper, Theodore R. Holford & Alvan R. Feinstein. 1996. A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 49(12):1373-1379. (Pubitemid 27028925)
98. Pickett, Velma B., Cheryl Black & Vicente Marcial Cerqueda. 2001. Gramatica popular del zapoteco del Istmo (2nd edn). Verano: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. http://www.sil.org/mexico/zapoteca/istmo/ G023a-GramaticaZapIstmo-ZAI.htm. (21 March 2007)
99. Primus, Beatrice. 1999. Cases and thematic roles: Ergative, accusative and active. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
100. Pulleyblank, Edwin. 1995. Outline of Classical Chinese grammar. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press.
101. Ratliff, Martha. 2010. A snapshot of the Hmong-Mien protolanguage. The 20th meeting of the Southeast Asian linguistics society, 10-11 June 2010, Zurich.
102. R Development Core Team. 2010. R: A language and environment for statistical computing (R version 2.10.1). Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org. (6 March 2010.)
103. Saeed, John. 1999. Somali. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
104. Salmons, Joseph C. 1992. Accentual change and language contact: Comparative survey and a case study of early Northern Europe. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
105. Seiler, Walter. 1985. Imonda, a Papuan language. Canberra: Australian National University [Pacific Linguistics B 93].
106. Siewierska, Anna. 1998. Variation in major constituent order: A global and a European perspective. Constituent order in the languages of Europe, Anna Siewierska (ed.), 475-551. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
107. Siewierska, Anna. 2005. Passive constructions. The world atlas of language structures, Martin Haspelmath et al. (eds.), 434-437. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
108. Siewierska, Anna & Dik Bakker. 1996. The distribution of subject and object agreement and word order type. Studies in Language 20(1):115-162.
109. Sinnemäki, Kaius. 2008. Complexity trade-offs in core argument marking. Language complexity: Typology, contact, change, Matti Miestamo, Kaius Sinnemäki & Fred Karlsson (eds.), 67-88. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
110. Sinnemäki, Kaius. 2009. Complexity in core argument marking and population size. Language complexity as an evolving variable, Geoffrey Sampson, David Gil & Peter Trudgill (eds.), 125-140. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
111. Sonnenschein, Aaron Huey. 2005. A descriptive grammar of San Bartolomé Zoogocho Zapotec. Munich: Lincom Europa.
112. Stilo, Don L. 2005. Iranian as buffer zone between the universal typologies of Turkic and Semitic. Linguistic convergence and areal diffusion: Case studies from Iranian, Semitic, and Turkic, Éva Ágnes Csató, Bo Isaksson & Carina Jahani (eds.), 35-63. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
113. Sun, Chao-Fen & Talmy Givón. 1985. On the so-called SOV word order in Mandarin Chinese: A quantified text study and its implications. Language 61(2):329-351.
114. Thomason, Sarah Grey. 2001. Language contact: An introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
115. Thomason, Sarah Grey & Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
116. Tomlin, Russell. 1986. Basic word order: Functional principles. London: Croom Helm.
117. Trudgill, Peter. 2010. Contact and sociolinguistic typology. Handbook of language contact, Raymond Hickey (ed.), 299-319. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
118. Valkama, Kari. 2000. Grammatical relations in Cebuano. Ph. D. diss, University of Helsinki.
119. Vennemann, Theo. 1973. Explanation in syntax. Syntax and Semantics, vol. 2, John Kimball (ed.), 1-50. New York, NY: Academic Press.
120. Vennemann, Theo. 1974. Topics, subjects, and word order: From SXV to SVX via TVX. Historical linguistics: Proceedings of the first international congress of historical linguistics, Edinburgh, September 1973, vol. 2, John Anderson & Charles Jones (eds.), 339-376. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
121. Vittinghoff, Eric & Charles E. McCulloch. 2007. Relaxing the rule of ten events per variable in logistic and cox regression. American Journal of Epidemiology 165(6):710-718. (Pubitemid 46348374)
122. Wurzel, Wolfgang Ullrich. 2001. Creoles, complexity, and linguistic change. Linguistic Typology 5 (2/3): 377-387.
123. Yamamoto, Hideki. 2005. A historical view on areal distribution of word order around the world. Language Typology and Universals (STUF) 58(4):374-391.
124. Zamar, David, Brian McNeney & Jinko Graham. 2007. elrm: Software implementing exact-like inference for logistic regression models. Journal of Statistical Software 21(3):1-18.