메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 21, 2011, Pages 2127-2138

Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The quandary of beta-blockers and beta-agonists

Author keywords

adrenergic beta antagonists; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; heart failure

Indexed keywords

ACEBUTOLOL; ATENOLOL; BAMBUTEROL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; BISOPROLOL; CARVEDILOL; CELIPROLOL; DIGOXIN; LABETALOL; METOPROLOL; METOPROLOL SUCCINATE; METOPROLOL TARTRATE; NEBIVOLOL; NEDOCROMIL; OXPRENOLOL; PINDOLOL; PIRBUTEROL; PLACEBO; PRACTOLOL; PRENALTEROL; PROPRANOLOL; SALBUTAMOL; SALMETEROL; TERBUTALINE; TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE; XAMOTEROL;

EID: 79956116545     PISSN: 07351097     EISSN: 15583597     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.020     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (134)

References (111)
  • 1
    • 53249090182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology
    • K. Dickstein, A. Cohen-Solal, and G. Filippatos ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology Eur Heart J 29 2008 2388 2442
    • (2008) Eur Heart J , vol.29 , pp. 2388-2442
    • Dickstein, K.1    Cohen-Solal, A.2    Filippatos, G.3
  • 3
    • 0032189920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2- adrenoceptor- mediated positive inotropic effects: Attenuation by ketotifen
    • DOI 10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00101-1, PII S0008636398001011
    • U. Poller, B. Fuchs, and A. Gorf Terbutaline-induced desensitization of human cardiac beta 2-adrenoceptor-mediated positive inotropic effects: attenuation by ketotifen Cardiovasc Res 40 1998 211 222 (Pubitemid 28435446)
    • (1998) Cardiovascular Research , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 211-222
    • Poller, U.1    Fuchs, B.2    Gorf, A.3    Jakubetz, J.4    Radke, J.5    Ponicke, K.6    Brodde, O.-E.7
  • 6
    • 0017106146 scopus 로고
    • 1-blocker (practolol) and exercise in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
    • 1-blocker (practolol) and exercise in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease Acta Med Scand 199 1976 61 64
    • (1976) Acta Med Scand , vol.199 , pp. 61-64
    • Schaanning, J.1    Vilsvik, J.S.2
  • 7
    • 0021984348 scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory effects of long-term treatment with pindolol and metoprolol in hypertensive patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
    • J.W. Lammers, H.T. Folgering, and C.L. van Herwaarden Ventilatory effects of long-term treatment with pindolol and metoprolol in hypertensive patients with chronic obstructive lung disease Br J Clin Pharmacol 20 1985 205 210 (Pubitemid 15228370)
    • (1985) British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 205-210
    • Lammers, J.W.J.1    Folgering Th., H.M.2    Van Herwaarden, C.L.A.3
  • 8
    • 0017102681 scopus 로고
    • Effects of multiple doses of metoprolol and propranolol on ventilatory function in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
    • L. Tivenius Effects of multiple doses of metoprolol and propranolol on ventilatory function in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease Scand J Respir Dis 57 1976 190 196
    • (1976) Scand J Respir Dis , vol.57 , pp. 190-196
    • Tivenius, L.1
  • 9
    • 0020024622 scopus 로고
    • The effect of beta-blockers on ventilatory function in chronic bronchitis
    • A. Ranchod, G.R. Keeton, and S.R. Benatar The effect of beta-blockers on ventilatory function in chronic bronchitis S Afr Med J 61 1982 423 424 (Pubitemid 12158985)
    • (1982) South African Medical Journal , vol.61 , Issue.12 , pp. 423-424
    • Ranchod, A.1    Keeton, G.R.2    Benatar, S.R.3
  • 11
    • 0020393201 scopus 로고
    • Reversibility of bronchospasm in airway obstruction
    • DOI 10.1016/0002-8703(82)90138-7
    • P. von Wichert Reversibility of bronchospasm in airway obstruction Am Heart J 104 1982 446 450 (Pubitemid 13157867)
    • (1982) American Heart Journal , vol.104 , Issue.2 , pp. 446-450
    • Von Wichert, P.1
  • 12
    • 0017874908 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of atenolol and oxprenolol in patients with angina or hypertension and co-existent chronic airways obstruction
    • W.H. Perks, S.S. Chatterjee, R.S. Croxson, and J.M. Cruickshank Comparison of atenolol and oxprenolol in patients with angina or hypertension and co-existent chronic airways obstruction Br J Clin Pharmacol 5 1978 101 106 (Pubitemid 8263485)
    • (1978) British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-106
    • Perks, W.H.1    Chatterjee, S.S.2    Croxson, R.S.3    Cruickshank, J.M.4
  • 13
    • 0022885401 scopus 로고
    • Effects of single oral doses of bisoprolol and atenolol on airway function in nonasthmatic chronic obstructive lung disease and angina pectoris
    • DOI 10.1007/BF00606650
    • P. Dorow, H. Bethge, and U. Tonnesmann Effects of single oral doses of bisoprolol and atenolol on airway function in nonasthmatic chronic obstructive lung disease and angina pectoris Eur J Clin Pharmacol 31 1986 143 147 (Pubitemid 17014581)
    • (1986) European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-147
    • Dorow, P.1    Bethge, H.2    Tonnesmann, U.3
  • 15
    • 0022442406 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of celiprolol and chlorthalidone in hypertensive patients with reversible bronchial obstruction
    • P. Dorow, A.M. Clauzel, P. Capone, R. Mayol, and M. Mathieu A comparison of celiprolol and chlorthalidone in hypertensive patients with reversible bronchial obstruction J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 8 Suppl 4 1986 S102 S104
    • (1986) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Dorow, P.1    Clauzel, A.M.2    Capone, P.3    Mayol, R.4    Mathieu, M.5
  • 16
    • 0018075872 scopus 로고
    • The effects of oral propranolol and metoprolol on lung function and exercise performance in chronic airways obstruction
    • C.R. McGavin, and I.P. Williams The effects of oral propranolol and metoprolol on lung function and exercise performance in chronic airways obstruction Br J Dis Chest 72 1978 327 332 (Pubitemid 9023010)
    • (1978) British Journal of Diseases of the Chest , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 327-332
    • McGavin, C.R.1    Williams, I.P.2
  • 17
    • 0018408610 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of effects of propranolol and metoprolol on airways obstruction in chronic bronchitis
    • D.J. Sinclair Comparison of effects of propranolol and metoprolol on airways obstruction in chronic bronchitis Br Med J 1 1979 168 (Pubitemid 9085261)
    • (1979) British Medical Journal , vol.1 , Issue.6157 , pp. 168
    • Sinclair, D.J.M.1
  • 19
    • 0025169190 scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of celiprolol, propranolol, oxprenolol, and atenolol on respiratory function in hypertensive patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
    • R. Fogari, A. Zoppi, F. Tettamanti, L. Poletti, G. Rizzardi, and G. Fiocchi Comparative effects of celiprolol, propranolol, oxprenolol, and atenolol on respiratory function in hypertensive patients with chronic obstructive lung disease Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 4 1990 1145 1149
    • (1990) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.4 , pp. 1145-1149
    • Fogari, R.1    Zoppi, A.2    Tettamanti, F.3    Poletti, L.4    Rizzardi, G.5    Fiocchi, G.6
  • 20
    • 0020676640 scopus 로고
    • Effect of metoprolol on cardiac and pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • P.E. Fenster, F.M. Hasan, T. Abraham, and J. Woolfenden Effect of metoprolol on cardiac and pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Clin Cardiol 6 1983 125 129 (Pubitemid 13162263)
    • (1983) Clinical Cardiology , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 125-129
    • Fenster, P.E.1    Hasan, F.M.2    Abraham, T.3    Woolfenden, J.4
  • 21
    • 15844399396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detrimental effects of β-blockers in COPD: A concern for nonselective β-blockers
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.127.3.818
    • H.J. van der Woude, J. Zaagsma, D.S. Postma, T.H. Winter, M. van Hulst, and R. Aalbers Detrimental effects of beta-blockers in COPD: a concern for nonselective beta-blockers Chest 127 2005 818 824 (Pubitemid 40775510)
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , Issue.3 , pp. 818-824
    • Van Der Woude, H.J.1    Zaagsma, J.2    Postma, D.S.3    Winter, T.H.4    Van Hulst, M.5    Aalbers, R.6
  • 22
    • 0017343997 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a new cardioselective β adrenergic blocker (atenolol) on airway resistance in chronic obstructive disease
    • M. Beil, and W.T. Ulmer Effects of a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker (atenolol) on airway resistance in chronic obstructive disease Arzneimittelforschung 27 1977 419 422 (Pubitemid 8042016)
    • (1977) Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 419-422
    • Beil, M.1    Ulmer, W.T.2
  • 23
    • 0019123180 scopus 로고
    • Beta-adrenoceptor blockers and terbutaline in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Effects and interaction after oral administration
    • J. Wunderlich, H.N. Macha, H. Wudicke, and H. Huckauf Beta-adrenoceptor blockers and terbutaline in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease Effects and interaction after oral administration Chest 78 1980 714 720 (Pubitemid 11238668)
    • (1980) Chest , vol.78 , Issue.5 , pp. 714-720
    • Wunderlich, J.1    Macha, H.N.2    Wudlicke, H.3    Huckauf, H.4
  • 24
    • 0019802527 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of oral metoprolol on ventilatory function in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
    • C.A. Sorbini, V. Grassi, C. Tantucci, T. Todisco, and M. Motolese Acute effects of oral metoprolol on ventilatory function in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease Acta Ther 8 1982 5 16
    • (1982) Acta Ther , vol.8 , pp. 5-16
    • Sorbini, C.A.1    Grassi, V.2    Tantucci, C.3    Todisco, T.4    Motolese, M.5
  • 25
    • 33644875013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardioselective beta-blockers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • S. Salpeter, T. Ormiston, and E. Salpeter Cardioselective beta-blockers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4 2005 CD003566
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.4
    • Salpeter, S.1    Ormiston, T.2    Salpeter, E.3
  • 26
    • 33644523095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a community heart failure clinic on uptake of beta blockers by patients with obstructive airways disease and heart failure
    • R.J. Shelton, A.S. Rigby, J.G. Cleland, and A.L. Clark Effect of a community heart failure clinic on uptake of beta blockers by patients with obstructive airways disease and heart failure Heart 92 2006 331 336
    • (2006) Heart , vol.92 , pp. 331-336
    • Shelton, R.J.1    Rigby, A.S.2    Cleland, J.G.3    Clark, A.L.4
  • 27
    • 0036911162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability of carvedilol in patients with heart failure and concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma
    • DOI 10.1016/S1053-2498(02)00459-X, PII S105324980200459X
    • E. Kotlyar, A.M. Keogh, P.S. Macdonald, R.H. Arnold, D.J. McCaffrey, and A.R. Glanville Tolerability of carvedilol in patients with heart failure and concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma J Heart Lung Transplant 21 2002 1290 1295 (Pubitemid 35477743)
    • (2002) Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation , vol.21 , Issue.12 , pp. 1290-1295
    • Kotlyar, E.1    Keogh, A.M.2    Macdonald, P.S.3    Arnold, R.H.4    McCaffrey, D.J.5    Glanville, A.R.6
  • 29
    • 0035369059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of beta-blocker therapy after acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma
    • DOI 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01225-6, PII S0735109701012256
    • J. Chen, M.J. Radford, Y. Wang, T.A. Marciniak, and H.M. Krumholz Effectiveness of beta-blocker therapy after acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma J Am Coll Cardiol 37 2001 1950 1956 (Pubitemid 32499985)
    • (2001) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.37 , Issue.7 , pp. 1950-1956
    • Chen, J.1    Radford, M.J.2    Wang, Y.3    Marciniak, T.A.4    Krumholz, H.M.5
  • 30
    • 3042828461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reversibility of increased airways resistance in chronic heart failure measured by impulse oscillometry
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cardfail.2003.08.007, PII S1071916403007024
    • K.K. Witte, A. Morice, J.G. Cleland, and A.L. Clark The reversibility of increased airways resistance in chronic heart failure measured by impulse oscillometry J Card Fail 10 2004 149 154 (Pubitemid 38858076)
    • (2004) Journal of Cardiac Failure , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-154
    • Witte, K.K.A.1    Morice, A.2    Cleland, J.G.F.3    Clark, A.L.4
  • 32
    • 0027318144 scopus 로고
    • Inhaled bronchodilators increase maximum oxygen consumption in chronic left ventricular failure
    • N.G. Uren, S.W. Davies, S.L. Jordan, and D.P. Lipkin Inhaled bronchodilators increase maximum oxygen consumption in chronic left ventricular failure Eur Heart J 14 1993 744 750 (Pubitemid 23198889)
    • (1993) European Heart Journal , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 744-750
    • Uren, N.G.1    Davies, S.W.2    Jordan, S.L.3    Lipkin, D.P.4
  • 33
    • 84920214594 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of digoxin and xamoterol in chronic heart failure
    • The German and Austrian Xamoterol Study Group
    • The German and Austrian Xamoterol Study Group Double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of digoxin and xamoterol in chronic heart failure Lancet 1 1988 489 493
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 489-493
  • 34
    • 0025279763 scopus 로고
    • Xamoterol in severe heart failure
    • The Xamoterol in Severe Heart Failure Study Group
    • The Xamoterol in Severe Heart Failure Study Group Xamoterol in severe heart failure Lancet 336 1990 1 6
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 1-6
  • 35
    • 0021868767 scopus 로고
    • Are the clinical benefits of oral prenalterol in ischaemic heart failure due to beta blockade? A six month randomised double blind comparison with placebo
    • D.R. Glover, C.G. Wathen, R.G. Murray, M.C. Petch, A.L. Muir, and W.A. Littler Are the clinical benefits of oral prenalterol in ischaemic heart failure due to beta blockade? A six month randomised double blind comparison with placebo Br Heart J 53 1985 208 215 (Pubitemid 15053142)
    • (1985) British Heart Journal , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 208-215
    • Glover, D.R.1    Wathen, C.G.2    Murray, R.G.3
  • 36
    • 0038467503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of mortality and heart failure exacerbations associated with inhaled β-adrenoceptor agonists among patients with known left ventricular systolic dysfunction
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.123.6.1964
    • D.H. Au, E.M. Udris, V.S. Fan, J.R. Curtis, M.B. McDonell, and S.D. Fihn Risk of mortality and heart failure exacerbations associated with inhaled beta-adrenoceptor agonists among patients with known left ventricular systolic dysfunction Chest 123 2003 1964 1969 (Pubitemid 36706719)
    • (2003) Chest , vol.123 , Issue.6 , pp. 1964-1969
    • Au, D.H.1    Udris, E.M.2    Fan, V.S.3    Curtis, J.R.4    McDonell, M.B.5    Fihn, S.D.6
  • 37
    • 16644394652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between chronic heart failure and inhaled beta-2-adrenoceptor agonists
    • D.H. Au, E.M. Udris, J.R. Curtis, M.B. McDonell, and S.D. Fihn Association between chronic heart failure and inhaled beta-2-adrenoceptor agonists Am Heart J 148 2004 915 920
    • (2004) Am Heart J , vol.148 , pp. 915-920
    • Au, D.H.1    Udris, E.M.2    Curtis, J.R.3    McDonell, M.B.4    Fihn, S.D.5
  • 39
    • 0021951982 scopus 로고
    • Detrimental arrhythmogenic and sustained beneficial hemodynamic effects of oral salbutamol in patients with chronic congestive heart failure
    • DOI 10.1016/0002-8703(85)90648-9
    • B. Mettauer, J.L. Rouleau, and J.H. Burgess Detrimental arrhythmogenic and sustained beneficial hemodynamic effects of oral salbutamol in patients with chronic congestive heart failure Am Heart J 109 1985 840 847 (Pubitemid 15118458)
    • (1985) American Heart Journal , vol.109 , Issue.4 , pp. 840-847
    • Mettauer, B.1    Rouleau, J.L.2    Burgess, J.H.3
  • 40
    • 0018870341 scopus 로고
    • Salbutamol in treatment of heart failure
    • P.D. Bourdillon, J.R. Dawson, R.A. Foale, A.D. Timmis, P.A. Poole-Wilson, and G.C. Sutton Salbutamol in treatment of heart failure Br Heart J 43 1980 206 210 (Pubitemid 10175916)
    • (1980) British Heart Journal , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 206-210
    • Bourdillon, P.D.V.1    Dawson, J.R.2    Foale, R.A.3
  • 41
    • 0019462816 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic effects of inhaled terbutaline in congestive heart failure patients without lung disease: Beneficial cardiotonic and vasodilator beta-agonist properties evaluated by ventricular catheterization and radionuclide angiography
    • DOI 10.1016/0002-8703(81)90221-0
    • R. Slutsky Hemodynamic effects of inhaled terbutaline in congestive heart failure patients without lung disease: beneficial cardiotonic and vasodilator beta-agonist properties evaluated by ventricular catheterization and radionuclide angiography Am Heart J 101 1981 556 560 (Pubitemid 11120518)
    • (1981) American Heart Journal , vol.101 , Issue.5 , pp. 556-560
    • Slutsky, R.1
  • 42
    • 0021019191 scopus 로고
    • Acute and long-term hemodynamic effects of oral pirbuterol in patients with chronic severe congestive heart failure: Randomized double-blind trial
    • F.X. Pamelia, M. Gheorghiade, and G.A. Beller Acute and long-term hemodynamic effects of oral pirbuterol in patients with chronic severe congestive heart failure: randomized double-blind trial Am Heart J 106 1983 1369 1376 (Pubitemid 14214216)
    • (1983) American Heart Journal , vol.106 , Issue.6 , pp. 1369-1376
    • Pamelia, F.X.1    Georghiade, M.2    Beller, G.A.3
  • 43
    • 0031813432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 agonists
    • R.M. Martin, N.R. Dunn, S.N. Freemantle, and R.D. Mann Risk of non-fatal cardiac failure and ischaemic heart disease with long acting beta 2 agonists Thorax 53 1998 558 562 (Pubitemid 28335515)
    • (1998) Thorax , vol.53 , Issue.7 , pp. 558-562
    • Martin, R.M.1    Dunn, N.R.2    Freemantle, S.N.3    Mann, R.D.4
  • 44
    • 0029153498 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory illness, beta-agonists, and risk of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: The Washington, DC, Dilated Cardiomyopathy Study
    • S.S. Coughlin, C. Metayer, and E.P. McCarthy Respiratory illness, beta-agonists, and risk of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy The Washington, DC, Dilated Cardiomyopathy Study Am J Epidemiol 142 1995 395 403
    • (1995) Am J Epidemiol , vol.142 , pp. 395-403
    • Coughlin, S.S.1    Metayer, C.2    McCarthy, E.P.3
  • 45
    • 0034638144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of sympathomimetic drugs leads to increased risk of hospitalization for arrhythmias in patients with congestive heart failure
    • M.L. Bouvy, E.R. Heerdink, M.L. De Bruin, R.M. Herings, H.G. Leufkens, and A.W. Hoes Use of sympathomimetic drugs leads to increased risk of hospitalization for arrhythmias in patients with congestive heart failure Arch Intern Med 160 2000 2477 2480
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 2477-2480
    • Bouvy, M.L.1    Heerdink, E.R.2    De Bruin, M.L.3    Herings, R.M.4    Leufkens, H.G.5    Hoes, A.W.6
  • 46
    • 36749074625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical, Neurohormonal, and Inflammatory Markers and Overall Prognostic Role of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Patients With Heart Failure: Data From the Val-HeFT Heart Failure Trial
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.07.012, PII S1071916407010214
    • L. Staszewsky, M. Wong, S. Masson Valsartan Heart Failure Trial Investigators Clinical, neurohormonal, and inflammatory markers and overall prognostic role of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with heart failure: data from the Val-HeFT heart failure trial J Card Fail 13 2007 797 804 (Pubitemid 350214524)
    • (2007) Journal of Cardiac Failure , vol.13 , Issue.10 , pp. 797-804
    • Staszewsky, L.1    Wong, M.2    Masson, S.3    Barlera, S.4    Carretta, E.5    Maggioni, A.P.6    Anand, I.S.7    Cohn, J.N.8    Tognoni, G.9    Latini, R.10
  • 47
    • 24944563849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure)
    • S.A. Hunt, W.T. Abraham, and M.H. Chin ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure) J Am Coll Cardiol 46 2005 e1 e82
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.46
    • Hunt, S.A.1    Abraham, W.T.2    Chin, M.H.3
  • 48
    • 63749129568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
    • M. Jessup, W.T. Abraham, and D.E. Casey 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines J Am Coll Cardiol 53 2009 1343 1382
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.53 , pp. 1343-1382
    • Jessup, M.1    Abraham, W.T.2    Casey, D.E.3
  • 49
    • 49749202467 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a beta-adrenergic-blocking agent, propranolol, on asthmatics
    • R.S. McNeill Effect of a beta-adrenergic-blocking agent, propranolol, on asthmatics Lancet 13 1964 1101 1102
    • (1964) Lancet , vol.13 , pp. 1101-1102
    • McNeill, R.S.1
  • 50
    • 0019349923 scopus 로고
    • Near-fatal bronchospasm after oral nadolol in a young asthmatic and response to ventilation with halothane
    • J.M. Raine, M.G. Palazzo, J.H. Kerr, and P. Sleight Near-fatal bronchospasm after oral nadolol in a young asthmatic and response to ventilation with halothane Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 282 1981 548 549 (Pubitemid 11188775)
    • (1981) British Medical Journal , vol.282 , Issue.6263 , pp. 548-549
    • Raine, J.M.1    Palazzo, M.G.2    Kerr, J.H.3    Sleight, P.4
  • 51
    • 0014017799 scopus 로고
    • Bronchial response to beta-adrenergic blockade
    • G. Zaid, and G.N. Beall Bronchial response to beta-adrenergic blockade N Engl J Med 275 1966 580 584
    • (1966) N Engl J Med , vol.275 , pp. 580-584
    • Zaid, G.1    Beall, G.N.2
  • 53
    • 0032506784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol
    • W.H. Frishman Carvedilol N Engl J Med 339 1998 1759 1765
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 1759-1765
    • Frishman, W.H.1
  • 54
    • 0020393198 scopus 로고
    • Beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agents: Are pharmacologic differences relevant?
    • DOI 10.1016/0002-8703(82)90124-7
    • B.J. Clark Beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agents: are pharmacologic differences relevant? Am Heart J 104 1982 334 346 (Pubitemid 13157853)
    • (1982) American Heart Journal , vol.104 , Issue.2 , pp. 334-346
    • Clark, B.J.1
  • 55
    • 0023005375 scopus 로고
    • Affinity and selectivity of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in vitro
    • A. Wellstein, D. Palm, and G.G. Belz Affinity and selectivity of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in vitro J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 8 Suppl 11 1986 S36 S40
    • (1986) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 11
    • Wellstein, A.1    Palm, D.2    Belz, G.G.3
  • 56
    • 33746990729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nebivolol: A third-generation beta-adrenergic blocker
    • A. Veverka, D.S. Nuzum, and J.L. Jolly Nebivolol: a third-generation beta-adrenergic blocker Ann Pharmacother 40 2006 1353 1360
    • (2006) Ann Pharmacother , vol.40 , pp. 1353-1360
    • Veverka, A.1    Nuzum, D.S.2    Jolly, J.L.3
  • 57
    • 0037310818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic considerations of formulation: Extended-release metoprolol succinate in the treatment of heart failure
    • DOI 10.1097/00005344-200302000-00001
    • J. Wikstrand, B. Andersson, M.J. Kendall, H. Stanbrook, and M. Klibaner Pharmacokinetic considerations of formulation: extended-release metoprolol succinate in the treatment of heart failure J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 41 2003 151 157 (Pubitemid 36135237)
    • (2003) Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-157
    • Wikstrand, J.1    Andersson, B.2    Kendall, M.J.3    Stanbrook, H.4    Klibaner, M.5
  • 58
    • 0021211675 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of β-adrenoceptor selectivity of a new β-adrenoceptor antagonist, bisoprolol, in man
    • A.E. Tattersfield, D.J. Cragg, and R.J. Bacon Assessment of beta-adrenoceptor selectivity of a new beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, bisoprolol, in man Br J Clin Pharmacol 18 1984 343 347 (Pubitemid 14033819)
    • (1984) British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 343-347
    • Tattersfield, A.E.1    Cragg, D.J.2    Bacon, R.J.3
  • 59
    • 26944440146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of receptor targets in the lung
    • P.J. Barnes Distribution of receptor targets in the lung Proc Am Thorac Soc 1 2004 345 351
    • (2004) Proc Am Thorac Soc , vol.1 , pp. 345-351
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 61
    • 67650093474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bisoprolol in patients with heart failure and moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial
    • N.M. Hawkins, M.R. MacDonald, and M.C. Petrie Bisoprolol in patients with heart failure and moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial Eur J Heart Fail 11 2009 684 690
    • (2009) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.11 , pp. 684-690
    • Hawkins, N.M.1    MacDonald, M.R.2    Petrie, M.C.3
  • 62
    • 0141725727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardioselective beta-blockers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0954-6111(03)00168-9
    • S.R. Salpeter, T.M. Ormiston, E.E. Salpeter, P.J. Poole, and C.J. Cates Cardioselective beta-blockers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis Respir Med 97 2003 1094 1101 (Pubitemid 37185112)
    • (2003) Respiratory Medicine , vol.97 , Issue.10 , pp. 1094-1101
    • Salpeter, S.R.1    Ormiston, T.M.2    Salpeter, E.E.3    Poole, P.J.4    Cates, C.J.5
  • 63
    • 0025636431 scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment of angina pectoris with bisoprolol or atenolol in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: A randomized, double-blind crossover study
    • P. Dorow, S. Thalhofer, H. Bethge, G. Disselhoff, and G. Wagner Long-term treatment of angina pectoris with bisoprolol or atenolol in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: a randomized, double-blind crossover study J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 16 Suppl 5 1990 S36 S44
    • (1990) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Dorow, P.1    Thalhofer, S.2    Bethge, H.3    Disselhoff, G.4    Wagner, G.5
  • 64
    • 28244497329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the effects of COPD on the patient
    • P. Jones, S. Lareau, and D.A. Mahler Measuring the effects of COPD on the patient Respir Med 99 Suppl B 2005 S11 S18
    • (2005) Respir Med , vol.99 , Issue.SUPPL. B
    • Jones, P.1    Lareau, S.2    Mahler, D.A.3
  • 65
    • 0034777617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health status measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • DOI 10.1136/thorax.56.11.880
    • P.W. Jones Health status measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Thorax 56 2001 880 887 (Pubitemid 32999838)
    • (2001) Thorax , vol.56 , Issue.11 , pp. 880-887
    • Jones, P.W.1
  • 66
    • 0033549290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
    • MERIT-HF Study Group
    • MERIT-HF Study Group Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF) Lancet 353 1999 2001 2007
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 2001-2007
  • 67
    • 0033645765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baseline predictors of tolerability to carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure
    • H. Krum, D. Ninio, and P. MacDonald Baseline predictors of tolerability to carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure Heart 84 2000 615 619
    • (2000) Heart , vol.84 , pp. 615-619
    • Krum, H.1    Ninio, D.2    MacDonald, P.3
  • 68
    • 77950881229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between beta-blockers in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized crossover trial
    • A. Jabbour, P.S. Macdonald, and A.M. Keogh Differences between beta-blockers in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized crossover trial J Am Coll Cardiol 55 2010 1780 1787
    • (2010) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.55 , pp. 1780-1787
    • Jabbour, A.1    MacDonald, P.S.2    Keogh, A.M.3
  • 69
    • 0036918486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of beta-blockers on morbidity and mortality in a population-based cohort of 11,942 elderly patients with heart failure
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01346-3, PII S0002934302013463
    • D.D. Sin, and F.A. McAlister The effects of beta-blockers on morbidity and mortality in a population-based cohort of 11,942 elderly patients with heart failure Am J Med 113 2002 650 656 (Pubitemid 36015801)
    • (2002) American Journal of Medicine , vol.113 , Issue.8 , pp. 650-656
    • Sin, D.D.1    McAlister, F.A.2
  • 70
    • 65549122204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an independent predictor of death but not atherosclerotic events in patients with myocardial infarction: Analysis of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT)
    • VALIANT Investigators
    • N.M. Hawkins, Z. Huang, K.S. Pieper VALIANT Investigators Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an independent predictor of death but not atherosclerotic events in patients with myocardial infarction: analysis of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT) Eur J Heart Fail 11 2009 292 298
    • (2009) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.11 , pp. 292-298
    • Hawkins, N.M.1    Huang, Z.2    Pieper, K.S.3
  • 71
    • 0032552240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of beta-blockade on mortality among high-risk and low-risk patients after myocardial infarction
    • DOI 10.1056/NEJM199808203390801
    • S.S. Gottlieb, R.J. McCarter, and R.A. Vogel Effect of beta-blockade on mortality among high-risk and low-risk patients after myocardial infarction N Engl J Med 339 1998 489 497 (Pubitemid 28384881)
    • (1998) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.339 , Issue.8 , pp. 489-497
    • Gottlieb, S.S.1    McCarter, R.J.2    Vogel, R.A.3
  • 72
    • 0034620523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β-Adrenergic receptor blockade in chronic heart failure
    • M.R. Bristow Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in chronic heart failure Circulation 101 2000 558 569 (Pubitemid 30080872)
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , Issue.5 , pp. 558-569
    • Bristow, M.R.1
  • 73
    • 0022980843 scopus 로고
    • 1-receptor down-regulation in heart failure
    • M.R. Bristow, R. Ginsburg, and V. Umans Beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic-receptor subpopulations in nonfailing and failing human ventricular myocardium: coupling of both receptor subtypes to muscle contraction and selective beta 1-receptor down-regulation in heart failure Circ Res 59 1986 297 309 (Pubitemid 17178124)
    • (1986) Circulation Research , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-309
    • Bristow, M.R.1    Ginsburg, R.2    Umans, V.3
  • 74
    • 0025072212 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists on functional capacity and survival in chronic heart failure
    • M. Packer Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists on functional capacity and survival in chronic heart failure Circulation 82 Suppl 2 1990 I77 I88
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Packer, M.1
  • 75
    • 23744435643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenoceptor agonists: Cardiovascular safety in patients with obstructive lung disease
    • DOI 10.2165/00003495-200565120-00001
    • 2- adrenoceptor agonists: cardiovascular safety in patients with obstructive lung disease Drugs 65 2005 1595 1610 (Pubitemid 41138983)
    • (2005) Drugs , vol.65 , Issue.12 , pp. 1595-1610
    • Cazzola, M.1    Matera, M.G.2    Donner, C.F.3
  • 76
    • 2942744546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of β-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: A meta-analysis
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.125.6.2309
    • S.R. Salpeter, T.M. Ormiston, and E.E. Salpeter Cardiovascular effects of beta-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: a meta-analysis Chest 125 2004 2309 2321 (Pubitemid 38796452)
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , Issue.6 , pp. 2309-2321
    • Salpeter, S.R.1    Ormiston, T.M.2    Salpeter, E.E.3
  • 78
    • 0030971975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acute effects of inhaled salbutamol on the beat-to-beat variability of heart rate and blood pressure assessed by spectral analysis
    • T. Jartti, T. Kaila, K. Tahvanainen, T. Kuusela, T. Vanto, and I. Valimaki The acute effects of inhaled salbutamol on the beat-to-beat variability of heart rate and blood pressure assessed by spectral analysis Br J Clin Pharmacol 43 1997 421 428 (Pubitemid 27187482)
    • (1997) British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 421-428
    • Jartti, T.1    Kaila, T.2    Tahvanainen, K.3    Kuusela, T.4    Vanto, T.5    Valimaki, I.6
  • 80
    • 0036210274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between inhaled β-agonists and the risk of unstable angina and myocardial infarction
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.121.3.846
    • D.H. Au, J.R. Curtis, N.R. Every, M.B. McDonell, and S.D. Fihn Association between inhaled beta-agonists and the risk of unstable angina and myocardial infarction Chest 121 2002 846 851 (Pubitemid 34251453)
    • (2002) Chest , vol.121 , Issue.3 SUPPL. , pp. 846-851
    • Au, D.H.1    Curtis, J.R.2    Every, N.R.3    McDonell, M.B.4    Fihn, S.D.5
  • 81
    • 0034949736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 agonists in asthma
    • DOI 10.1136/thorax.56.7.506
    • 2 agonists in asthma Thorax 56 2001 506 507 (Pubitemid 32588526)
    • (2001) Thorax , vol.56 , Issue.7 , pp. 506-507
    • Lipworth, B.J.1
  • 82
    • 0031810916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac effects of formoterol and salmeterol in patients suffering from COPD with preexisting cardiac arrhythmias and hypoxemia
    • M. Cazzola, F. Imperatore, and A. Salzillo Cardiac effects of formoterol and salmeterol in patients suffering from COPD with preexisting cardiac arrhythmias and hypoxemia Chest 114 1998 411 415 (Pubitemid 28387516)
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , Issue.2 , pp. 411-415
    • Cazzola, M.1    Imperatore, F.2    Salzillo, A.3    Di Perna, F.4    Calderaro, F.5    Imperatore, A.6    Matera, M.G.7
  • 84
    • 0026018152 scopus 로고
    • The effects of frusemide and triamterene on the hypokalaemic and electrocardiographic responses to inhaled terbutaline
    • D.M. Newnham, D.G. McDevitt, and B.J. Lipworth The effects of frusemide and triamterene on the hypokalaemic and electrocardiographic responses to inhaled terbutaline Br J Clin Pharmacol 32 1991 630 632
    • (1991) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 630-632
    • Newnham, D.M.1    McDevitt, D.G.2    Lipworth, B.J.3
  • 85
    • 56249083570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and outcomes of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease in COPD
    • D.M. Mannino, D. Thorn, A. Swensen, and F. Holguin Prevalence and outcomes of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease in COPD Eur Respir J 32 2008 962 969
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.32 , pp. 962-969
    • Mannino, D.M.1    Thorn, D.2    Swensen, A.3    Holguin, F.4
  • 86
    • 0037465734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000056767.69054.B3
    • D.D. Sin, and S.F. Man Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Circulation 107 2003 1514 1519 (Pubitemid 36378490)
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , Issue.11 , pp. 1514-1519
    • Sin, D.D.1    Paul Man, S.F.2
  • 88
    • 17144398838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compared to what? Finding controls for case-control studies
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66379-9
    • D.A. Grimes, and K.F. Schulz Compared to what? Finding controls for case-control studies Lancet 365 2005 1429 1433 (Pubitemid 40523738)
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , Issue.9468 , pp. 1429-1433
    • Grimes, D.A.1    Schulz, K.F.2
  • 89
    • 0024435673 scopus 로고
    • Is activation of the sympathetic nervous system beneficial or detrimental to the patient with chronic heart failure?: Lessons learned from clinical trials with beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists
    • M. Packer Is activation of the sympathetic nervous system beneficial or detrimental to the patient with chronic heart failure? Lessons learned from clinical trials with beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 14 Suppl 5 1989 S38 S43
    • (1989) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Packer, M.1
  • 91
    • 0028888460 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the relative airways and systemic potencies of inhaled fenoterol and salbutamol in asthmatic patients
    • B.J. Lipworth, D.M. Newnham, R.A. Clark, D.P. Dhillon, J.H. Winter, and D.G. McDevitt Comparison of the relative airways and systemic potencies of inhaled fenoterol and salbutamol in asthmatic patients Thorax 50 1995 54 61
    • (1995) Thorax , vol.50 , pp. 54-61
    • Lipworth, B.J.1    Newnham, D.M.2    Clark, R.A.3    Dhillon, D.P.4    Winter, J.H.5    McDevitt, D.G.6
  • 92
    • 0030925304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course and relative dose potency of systemic effects from salmeterol and salbutamol in healthy subjects
    • J.A. Bennett, and A.E. Tattersfield Time course and relative dose potency of systemic effects from salmeterol and salbutamol in healthy subjects Thorax 52 1997 458 464 (Pubitemid 27278145)
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52 , Issue.5 , pp. 458-464
    • Bennett, J.A.1    Tattersfield, A.E.2
  • 94
    • 11944271550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute myocardial infarction associated with albuterol
    • DOI 10.1345/aph.1E150
    • A.A. Fisher, M.W. Davis, and D.A. McGill Acute myocardial infarction associated with albuterol Ann Pharmacother 38 2004 2045 2049 (Pubitemid 40169373)
    • (2004) Annals of Pharmacotherapy , vol.38 , Issue.12 , pp. 2045-2049
    • Fisher, A.A.1    Davis, M.W.2    McGill, D.A.3
  • 96
    • 0018223518 scopus 로고
    • Aerosol salbutamol administration by IPPB: Lowest effective dose
    • R.E. Ruffin, G. Obminski, and M.T. Newhouse Aerosol salbutamol administration by IPPB: lowest effective dose Thorax 33 1978 689 693 (Pubitemid 9106421)
    • (1978) Thorax , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 689-693
    • Ruffin, R.E.1    Obminski, G.2    Newhouse, M.T.3
  • 97
    • 0019483621 scopus 로고
    • Optimal dose of salbutamol respiratory solution: Comparison of three doses with plasma levels
    • E.H. Walters, A. Cockroft, T. Griffiths, K. Rocchiccioli, and B.H. Davies Optimal dose of salbutamol respiratory solution: comparison of three doses with plasma levels Thorax 36 1981 625 628 (Pubitemid 11054552)
    • (1981) Thorax , vol.36 , Issue.8 , pp. 625-628
    • Walters, E.H.1    Cockroft, A.2    Griffiths, T.3
  • 98
    • 0025738568 scopus 로고
    • The effect of maximal doses of formoterol and salbutamol from a metered dose inhaler on pulse rates, ECG, and serum potassium concentrations
    • F.P. Maesen, R. Costongs, J.J. Smeets, P.J. Brombacher, and P.G. Zweers The effect of maximal doses of formoterol and salbutamol from a metered dose inhaler on pulse rates, ECG, and serum potassium concentrations Chest 99 1991 1367 1373
    • (1991) Chest , vol.99 , pp. 1367-1373
    • Maesen, F.P.1    Costongs, R.2    Smeets, J.J.3    Brombacher, P.J.4    Zweers, P.G.5
  • 99
    • 79751536018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should acute treatment with inhaled beta agonists be withheld from patients with dyspnea who may have heart failure?
    • C.A. Maak, J.A. Tabas, and D.E. McClintock Should acute treatment with inhaled beta agonists be withheld from patients with dyspnea who may have heart failure? J Emerg Med 40 2011 135 145
    • (2011) J Emerg Med , vol.40 , pp. 135-145
    • Maak, C.A.1    Tabas, J.A.2    McClintock, D.E.3
  • 100
    • 0036673089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness and relative effectiveness of intravenous inotropic drugs acting through the adrenergic pathway in patients with heart failure - A meta-regression analysis
    • DOI 10.1016/S1388-9842(02)00041-7, PII S1388984202000417
    • S. Thackray, J. Easthaugh, N. Freemantle, and J.G. Cleland The effectiveness and relative effectiveness of intravenous inotropic drugs acting through the adrenergic pathway in patients with heart failurea meta-regression analysis Eur J Heart Fail 4 2002 515 529 (Pubitemid 36564973)
    • (2002) European Journal of Heart Failure , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 515-529
    • Thackray, S.1    Easthaugh, J.2    Freemantle, N.3    Cleland, J.G.F.4
  • 102
    • 0000093848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β blockade after myocardial infarction: Systematic review and meta regression analysis
    • N. Freemantle, J. Cleland, P. Young, J. Mason, and J. Harrison Beta blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis BMJ 318 1999 1730 1737 (Pubitemid 29290470)
    • (1999) British Medical Journal , vol.318 , Issue.7200 , pp. 1730-1737
    • Freemantle, N.1    Cleland, J.2    Young, P.3    Mason, J.4    Harrison, J.5
  • 104
    • 0033514046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): A randomised trial
    • CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees
    • CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial Lancet 353 1999 9 13
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 9-13
  • 105
    • 77956052751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular events in patients with COPD: TORCH study results
    • TORCH Investigators
    • P.M. Calverley, J.A. Anderson, B. Celli TORCH Investigators Cardiovascular events in patients with COPD: TORCH study results Thorax 65 2010 719 725
    • (2010) Thorax , vol.65 , pp. 719-725
    • Calverley, P.M.1    Anderson, J.A.2    Celli, B.3
  • 106
    • 77950481806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The FDA and safe use of long-acting beta-agonists in the treatment of asthma
    • B.A. Chowdhury, and P.G. Dal The FDA and safe use of long-acting beta-agonists in the treatment of asthma N Engl J Med 362 2010 1169 1171
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 1169-1171
    • Chowdhury, B.A.1    Dal, P.G.2
  • 107
    • 53749102775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • UPLIFT Study Investigators
    • D.P. Tashkin, B. Celli, S. Senn UPLIFT Study Investigators A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease N Engl J Med 359 2008 1543 1554
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1543-1554
    • Tashkin, D.P.1    Celli, B.2    Senn, S.3
  • 108
    • 77957768543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium bromide step-up therapy for adults with uncontrolled asthma
    • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Asthma Clinical Research Network
    • S.P. Peters, S.J. Kunselman, N. Icitovic National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Asthma Clinical Research Network Tiotropium bromide step-up therapy for adults with uncontrolled asthma N Engl J Med 363 2010 1715 1726
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 1715-1726
    • Peters, S.P.1    Kunselman, S.J.2    Icitovic, N.3
  • 110
    • 77956712835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The safety of tiotropiumthe FDA's conclusions
    • T.M. Michele, S. Pinheiro, and S. Iyasu The safety of tiotropiumthe FDA's conclusions N Engl J Med 363 2010 1097 1099
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 1097-1099
    • Michele, T.M.1    Pinheiro, S.2    Iyasu, S.3
  • 111
    • 79953166862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium versus salmeterol for the prevention of COPD exacerbations
    • POET-COPD Investigators
    • C. Vogelmeier, B. Hederer, T. Glaab POET-COPD Investigators Tiotropium versus salmeterol for the prevention of COPD exacerbations N Engl J Med 364 2011 1093 1103
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 1093-1103
    • Vogelmeier, C.1    Hederer, B.2    Glaab, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.