메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 3652-3666

PCNA directs type 2 RNase H activity on DNA replication and repair substrates

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBOXY TERMINAL TELOPEPTIDE; CYCLINE; DOUBLE STRANDED DNA; OKAZAKI FRAGMENT; PRIMER RNA; RIBONUCLEASE H; RIBONUCLEASE H2; RIBONUCLEASE H2B; RIBONUCLEOTIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 79955993911     PISSN: 03051048     EISSN: 13624962     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq980     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (104)

References (60)
  • 2
    • 23744455164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the SR protein splicing factor ASF/SF2 results in genomic instability
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.008, PII S0092867405005544
    • Li, X. and Manley, J.L. (2005) Inactivation of the SR protein splicing factor ASF/SF2 results in genomic instability. Cell, 122, 365-378. (Pubitemid 41127139)
    • (2005) Cell , vol.122 , Issue.3 , pp. 365-378
    • Li, X.1    Manley, J.L.2
  • 3
    • 17644372030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase limits the extent of base pairing between template RNA and telomeric DNA
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.embor.7400374
    • Forstemann, K. and Lingner, J. (2005) Telomerase limits the extent of base pairing between template RNA and telomeric DNA. EMBO Rep., 6, 361-366. (Pubitemid 40561629)
    • (2005) EMBO Reports , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 361-366
    • Forstemann, K.1    Lingner, J.2
  • 4
    • 0033547793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the genes encoding Mn2+-dependent RNase HII and Mg2+-dependent RNase HIII from Bacillus subtilis: Classification of RNases H into three families
    • Ohtani, N., Haruki, M., Morikawa, M., Crouch, R., Itaya, M. and Kanaya, S. (1999) Identification of the genes encoding Mn2+-dependent RNase HII and Mg2+-dependent RNase HIII from Bacillus subtilis: classification of RNases H into three families. Biochemistry, 38, 605-618.
    • (1999) Biochemistry , vol.38 , pp. 605-618
    • Ohtani, N.1    Haruki, M.2    Morikawa, M.3    Crouch, R.4    Itaya, M.5    Kanaya, S.6
  • 5
    • 0345354684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure to produce mitochondrial DNA results in embryonic lethality in Rnaseh1 null mice
    • DOI 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00088-1
    • Cerritelli, S.M., Frolova, E.G., Feng, C., Grinberg, A., Love, P.E. and Crouch, R.J. (2003) Failure to produce mitochondrial DNA results in embryonic lethality in Rnaseh1 null mice. Mol. Cell, 11, 807-815. (Pubitemid 36385132)
    • (2003) Molecular Cell , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 807-815
    • Cerritelli, S.M.1    Frolova, E.G.2    Feng, C.3    Grinberg, A.4    Love, P.E.5    Crouch, R.J.6
  • 7
    • 0035937257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural biochemistry of a type 2 RNase H: RNA primer recognition and removal during DNA replication
    • DOI 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4494
    • Chapados, B.R., Chai, Q., Hosfield, D.J., Qiu, J., Shen, B. and Tainer, J.A. (2001) Structural biochemistry of a type 2 RNase H: RNA primer recognition and removal during DNA replication. J. Mol. Biol., 307, 541-556. (Pubitemid 33027677)
    • (2001) Journal of Molecular Biology , vol.307 , Issue.2 , pp. 541-556
    • Chapados, B.R.1    Chai, Q.2    Hosfield, D.J.3    Qiu, J.4    Shen, B.5    Tainer, J.A.6
  • 8
    • 0034805756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaeoglobus fulgidus RNase HII in DNA replication: Enzymological functions and activity regulation via metal cofactors
    • DOI 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5523
    • Chai, Q., Qiu, J., Chapados, B. and Shen, B. (2001) Archaeoglobus fulgidus RNase HII in DNA replication: enzymological functions and activity regulation via metal cofactors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 286, 1073-1081. (Pubitemid 32924881)
    • (2001) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , vol.286 , Issue.5 , pp. 1073-1081
    • Chai, Q.1    Qiu, J.2    Chapados, B.R.3    Shen, B.4
  • 9
    • 35348978302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of Human RNase H1 Complexed with an RNA/DNA Hybrid: Insight into HIV Reverse Transcription
    • DOI 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.08.015, PII S1097276507005588
    • Nowotny, M., Gaidamakov, S.A., Ghirlando, R., Cerritelli, S.M., Crouch, R.J. and Yang, W. (2007) Structure of human RNase H1 complexed with an RNA/DNA hybrid: insight into HIV reverse transcription. Mol. Cell, 28, 264-276. (Pubitemid 47599996)
    • (2007) Molecular Cell , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 264-276
    • Nowotny, M.1    Gaidamakov, S.A.2    Ghirlando, R.3    Cerritelli, S.M.4    Crouch, R.J.5    Yang, W.6
  • 10
    • 0025911370 scopus 로고
    • Ribonuclease H from K562 human erythroleukemia cells: Purification, characterization, and substrate specificity
    • Eder, P.S. and Walder, J.A. (1991) Ribonuclease H from K562 human erythroleukemia cells. Purification, characterization, and substrate specificity. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 6472-6479. (Pubitemid 21906242)
    • (1991) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.266 , Issue.10 , pp. 6472-6479
    • Eder, P.S.1    Walder, J.A.2
  • 11
    • 1342286049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNase H2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a complex of three proteins
    • DOI 10.1093/nar/gkh209
    • Jeong, H.S., Backlund, P.S., Chen, H.C., Karavanov, A.A. and Crouch, R.J. (2004) RNase H2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a complex of three proteins. Nucleic Acids Res., 32, 407-414. (Pubitemid 38263032)
    • (2004) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 407-414
    • Jeong, H.-S.1    Backlund, P.S.2    Chen, H.-C.3    Karavanov, A.A.4    Crouch, R.J.5
  • 14
    • 0021336060 scopus 로고
    • A progressive familial encephalopathy in infancy with calcifications of the basal ganglia and chronic cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis
    • Aicardi, J. and Goutieres, F. (1984) A progressive familial encephalopathy in infancy with calcifications of the basal ganglia and chronic cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis. Ann. Neurol., 15, 49-54. (Pubitemid 14224219)
    • (1984) Annals of Neurology , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-54
    • Aicardi, J.1    Goutieres, F.2
  • 16
    • 50249145876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleic acid-mediated inflammatory diseases
    • Rigby, R.E., Leitch, A. and Jackson, A.P. (2008) Nucleic acid-mediated inflammatory diseases. Bioessays, 30, 833-842.
    • (2008) Bioessays , vol.30 , pp. 833-842
    • Rigby, R.E.1    Leitch, A.2    Jackson, A.P.3
  • 17
    • 36248988008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trex1 Exonuclease Degrades ssDNA to Prevent Chronic Checkpoint Activation and Autoimmune Disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.017, PII S0092867407012883
    • Yang, Y., Lindahl, T. and Barnes, D. (2007) Trex1 exonuclease degrades ssDNA to prevent chronic checkpoint activation and autoimmune disease. Cell, 131, 873-886. (Pubitemid 350138088)
    • (2007) Cell , vol.131 , Issue.5 , pp. 873-886
    • Yang, Y.-G.1    Lindahl, T.2    Barnes, D.E.3
  • 18
    • 63249130106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymerase dynamics at the eukaryotic DNA replication fork
    • Burgers, P.M. (2009) Polymerase dynamics at the eukaryotic DNA replication fork. J. Biol. Chem., 284, 4041-4045.
    • (2009) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.284 , pp. 4041-4045
    • Burgers, P.M.1
  • 19
    • 33748755119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstituted Okazaki fragment processing indicates two pathways of primer removal
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.M604805200
    • Rossi, M.L. and Bambara, R.A. (2006) Reconstituted Okazaki fragment processing indicates two pathways of primer removal. J. Biol. Chem., 281, 26051-26061. (Pubitemid 44401811)
    • (2006) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.281 , Issue.36 , pp. 26051-26061
    • Rossi, M.L.1    Bambara, R.A.2
  • 21
    • 0025017971 scopus 로고
    • Discontinuous DNA synthesis by purified mammalian proteins
    • Goulian, M., Richards, S.H., Heard, C.J. and Bigsby, B.M. (1990) Discontinuous DNA synthesis by purified mammalian proteins. J. Biol. Chem., 265, 18461-18471.
    • (1990) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.265 , pp. 18461-18471
    • Goulian, M.1    Richards, S.H.2    Heard, C.J.3    Bigsby, B.M.4
  • 22
    • 0024270343 scopus 로고
    • Complete enzymatic synthesis of DNA containing the SV40 origin of replication
    • Ishimi, Y., Claude, A., Bullock, P. and Hurwitz, J. (1988) Complete enzymatic synthesis of DNA containing the SV40 origin of replication. J. Biol. Chem., 263, 19723-19733. (Pubitemid 19016456)
    • (1988) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.263 , Issue.36 , pp. 19723-19733
    • Ishimi, Y.1    Claude, A.2    Bullock, P.3    Hurwitz, J.4
  • 26
    • 58549086990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of the two accessory subunits, RNASEH2B and RNASEH2C, to the activity and properties of the human RNase H2 complex
    • Chon, H., Vassilev, A., DePamphilis, M., Zhao, Y., Zhang, J., Burgers, P., Crouch, R. and Cerritelli, S. (2009) Contributions of the two accessory subunits, RNASEH2B and RNASEH2C, to the activity and properties of the human RNase H2 complex. Nucleic Acids Res., 37, 96-110.
    • (2009) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.37 , pp. 96-110
    • Chon, H.1    Vassilev, A.2    Depamphilis, M.3    Zhao, Y.4    Zhang, J.5    Burgers, P.6    Crouch, R.7    Cerritelli, S.8
  • 27
    • 0030592544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the C-terminal region of p21(WAF1/CIP1) complexed with human PCNA
    • DOI 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81347-1
    • Gulbis, J.M., Kelman, Z., Hurwitz, J., O'Donnell, M. and Kuriyan, J. (1996) Structure of the C-terminal region of p21(WAF1/CIP1) complexed with human PCNA. Cell, 87, 297-306. (Pubitemid 26359007)
    • (1996) Cell , vol.87 , Issue.2 , pp. 297-306
    • Gulbis, J.M.1    Kelman, Z.2    Hurwitz, J.3    O'Donnell, M.4    Kuriyan, J.5
  • 28
    • 0041885325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA): A dancer with many partners
    • DOI 10.1242/jcs.00653
    • Maga, G. and Hubscher, U. (2003) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA): a dancer with many partners. J. Cell. Sci., 116, 3051-3060. (Pubitemid 37038954)
    • (2003) Journal of Cell Science , vol.116 , Issue.15 , pp. 3051-3060
    • Maga, G.1    Hubscher, U.2
  • 29
    • 0032126647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA ligase I is recruited to sites of DNA replication by an interaction with proliferating cell nuclear antigen: Identification of a common targeting mechanism for the assembly of replication factories
    • DOI 10.1093/emboj/17.13.3786
    • Montecucco, A., Rossi, R., Levin, D.S., Gary, R., Park, M.S., Motycka, T.A., Ciarrocchi, G., Villa, A., Biamonti, G. and Tomkinson, A.E. (1998) DNA ligase I is recruited to sites of DNA replication by an interaction with proliferating cell nuclear antigen: identification of a common targeting mechanism for the assembly of replication factories. EMBO J., 17, 3786-3795. (Pubitemid 28327396)
    • (1998) EMBO Journal , vol.17 , Issue.13 , pp. 3786-3795
    • Montecucco, A.1    Rossi, R.2    Levin, D.S.3    Gary, R.4    Park, M.S.5    Motycka, T.A.6    Ciarrocchi, G.7    Villa, A.8    Biamonti, G.9    Tomkinson, A.E.10
  • 30
    • 18044384092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymerases that propagate the eukaryotic DNA replication fork
    • DOI 10.1080/10409230590935433
    • Garg, P. and Burgers, P.M. (2005) DNA polymerases that propagate the eukaryotic DNA replication fork. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 40, 115-128. (Pubitemid 40604979)
    • (2005) Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-128
    • Garg, P.1    Burgers, P.M.J.2
  • 31
    • 77950466824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of the mammalian RNase H2 complex provides insight into RNA.NA hybrid processing to prevent immune dysfunction
    • Shaban, N.M., Harvey, S., Perrino, F.W. and Hollis, T. (2010) The structure of the mammalian RNase H2 complex provides insight into RNA.NA hybrid processing to prevent immune dysfunction. J. Biol. Chem., 285, 3617-3624.
    • (2010) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.285 , pp. 3617-3624
    • Shaban, N.M.1    Harvey, S.2    Perrino, F.W.3    Hollis, T.4
  • 32
    • 0032475933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the DNA repair and replication endonuclease and exonuclease FEN-1: Coupling DNA and PCNA binding to FEN-1 activity
    • DOI 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81789-4
    • Hosfield, D.J., Mol, C.D., Shen, B. and Tainer, J.A. (1998) Structure of the DNA repair and replication endonuclease and exonuclease FEN-1: coupling DNA and PCNA binding to FEN-1 activity. Cell, 95, 135-146. (Pubitemid 28458031)
    • (1998) Cell , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-146
    • Hosfield, D.J.1    Mol, C.D.2    Shen, B.3    Tainer, J.A.4
  • 34
    • 0028103275 scopus 로고
    • The CCP4 suite: Programs for protein crystallography
    • Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4.
    • Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4. (1994) The CCP4 suite: programs for protein crystallography. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr., 50, 760-763.
    • (1994) Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. , vol.50 , pp. 760-763
  • 35
    • 75649151032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xia2: An expert system for macromolecular crystallography data reduction
    • Winter, G. (2010) xia2: an expert system for macromolecular crystallography data reduction. J. Appl. Crystallogr., 43, 186-190.
    • (2010) J. Appl. Crystallogr. , vol.43 , pp. 186-190
    • Winter, G.1
  • 44
    • 34548232365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference of macromolecular assemblies from crystalline state
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.05.022, PII S0022283607006420
    • Krissinel, E. and Henrick, K. (2007) Inference of macromolecular assemblies from crystalline state. J. Mol. Biol., 372, 774-797. (Pubitemid 47321791)
    • (2007) Journal of Molecular Biology , vol.372 , Issue.3 , pp. 774-797
    • Krissinel, E.1    Henrick, K.2
  • 45
    • 0742321956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis for FEN-1 substrate specificity and PCNA-mediated activation in DNA replication and repair
    • DOI 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)01036-5
    • Chapados, B., Hosfield, D., Han, S., Qiu, J., Yelent, B., Shen, B. and Tainer, J. (2004) Structural basis for FEN-1 substrate specificity and PCNA-mediated activation in DNA replication and repair. Cell, 116, 39-50. (Pubitemid 38156182)
    • (2004) Cell , vol.116 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-50
    • Chapados, B.R.1    Hosfield, D.J.2    Han, S.3    Qiu, J.4    Yelent, B.5    Shen, B.6    Tainer, J.A.7
  • 48
    • 0027213814 scopus 로고
    • ATP-independent loading of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen requires DNA ends
    • Burgers, P.M. and Yoder, B.L. (1993) ATP-independent loading of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen requires DNA ends. J. Biol. Chem., 268, 19923-19926. (Pubitemid 23278881)
    • (1993) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.268 , Issue.27 , pp. 19923-19926
    • Burgers, P.M.J.1    Yoder, B.L.2
  • 49
    • 77951191213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetylation of Dna2 endonuclease/helicase and flap endonuclease 1 by p300 promotes DNA stability by creating long flap intermediates
    • Balakrishnan, L., Stewart, J., Polaczek, P., Campbell, J.L. and Bambara, R.A. (2010) Acetylation of Dna2 endonuclease/helicase and flap endonuclease 1 by p300 promotes DNA stability by creating long flap intermediates. J. Biol. Chem., 285, 4398-4404.
    • (2010) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.285 , pp. 4398-4404
    • Balakrishnan, L.1    Stewart, J.2    Polaczek, P.3    Campbell, J.L.4    Bambara, R.A.5
  • 51
    • 0033512305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNase H(35) functions in RNA primer removal during lagging-strand DNA synthesis, most efficiently in cooperation with Rad27 nuclease
    • Qiu, J., Qian, Y., Frank, P., Wintersberger, U. and Shen, B. (1999) Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNase H(35) functions in RNA primer removal during lagging-strand DNA synthesis, most efficiently in cooperation with Rad27 nuclease. Mol. Cell. Biol., 19, 8361-8371. (Pubitemid 30414030)
    • (1999) Molecular and Cellular Biology , vol.19 , Issue.12 , pp. 8361-8371
    • Qiu, J.1    Qian, Y.2    Frank, P.3    Wintersberger, U.4    Shen, B.5
  • 52
    • 63849109732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of replication machinery assembly as revealed by the DNA ligase-PCNA-DNA complex architecture
    • Mayanagi, K., Kiyonari, S., Saito, M., Shirai, T., Ishino, Y. and Morikawa, K. (2009) Mechanism of replication machinery assembly as revealed by the DNA ligase-PCNA-DNA complex architecture. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 4647-4652.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , pp. 4647-4652
    • Mayanagi, K.1    Kiyonari, S.2    Saito, M.3    Shirai, T.4    Ishino, Y.5    Morikawa, K.6
  • 53
    • 33750008990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of an archaeal PCNA1-PCNA2-FEN1 complex: Elucidating PCNA subunit and client enzyme specificity
    • DOI 10.1093/nar/gkl623
    • Doré,A.S., Kilkenny, M.L., Jones, S.A., Oliver, A.W., Roe, S.M., Bell, S.D. and Pearl, L.H. (2006) Structure of an archaeal PCNA1-PCNA2-FEN1 complex: elucidating PCNA subunit and client enzyme specificity. Nucleic Acids Res., 34, 4515-4526. (Pubitemid 44567051)
    • (2006) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.34 , Issue.16 , pp. 4515-4526
    • Dore, A.S.1    Kilkenny, M.L.2    Jones, S.A.3    Oliver, A.W.4    Roe, S.M.5    Bell, S.D.6    Pearl, L.H.7
  • 54
    • 3042588011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural analysis of a eukaryotic sliding DNA clamp-clamp loader complex
    • DOI 10.1038/nature02585
    • Bowman, G.D., O'Donnell, M. and Kuriyan, J. (2004) Structural analysis of a eukaryotic sliding DNA clamp-clamp loader complex. Nature, 429, 724-730. (Pubitemid 38833117)
    • (2004) Nature , vol.429 , Issue.6993 , pp. 724-730
    • Bowman, G.D.1    O'Donnell, M.2    Kuriyan, J.3
  • 55
    • 28044431820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of SGS1, MUS81, and RAD51 in the repair of lagging-strand replication defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • DOI 10.1007/s00294-005-0014-5
    • Ii, M. and Brill, S.J. (2005) Roles of SGS1, MUS81, and RAD51 in the repair of lagging-strand replication defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr. Genet., 48, 213-225. (Pubitemid 41683410)
    • (2005) Current Genetics , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 213-225
    • Ii, M.1    Brill, S.J.2
  • 56
    • 0034666029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational spectrum analysis of RNase H(35) deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae using fluorescence-based directed termination PCR
    • Chen, J.Z., Qiu, J., Shen, B. and Holmquist, G.P. (2000) Mutational spectrum analysis of RNase H(35) deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae using fluorescence-based directed termination PCR. Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 3649-3656.
    • (2000) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.28 , pp. 3649-3656
    • Chen, J.Z.1    Qiu, J.2    Shen, B.3    Holmquist, G.P.4
  • 57
    • 0034595842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of flap endonuclease 1 by flap secondary structure and relevance to repeat sequence expansion
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.M909635199
    • Henricksen, L.A., Tom, S., Liu, Y. and Bambara, R.A. (2000) Inhibition of flap endonuclease 1 by flap secondary structure and relevance to repeat sequence expansion. J. Biol. Chem., 275, 16420-16427. (Pubitemid 30398861)
    • (2000) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.275 , Issue.22 , pp. 16420-16427
    • Henricksen, L.A.1    Tom, S.2    Liu, Y.3    Bambara, R.A.4
  • 58
    • 1642545486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protein components and mechanism of eukaryotic okazaki fragment maturation
    • DOI 10.1080/10409230390259382
    • Kao, H.I. and Bambara, R.A. (2003) The protein components and mechanism of eukaryotic Okazaki fragment maturation. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 38, 433-452. (Pubitemid 38117383)
    • (2003) Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 433-452
    • Kao, H.-I.1    Bambara, R.A.2
  • 60
    • 74549175680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RIGorous detection: Exposing virus through RNA sensing
    • Rehwinkel, J. and Reise Sousa, C. (2010) RIGorous detection: exposing virus through RNA sensing. Science, 327, 284-286.
    • (2010) Science , vol.327 , pp. 284-286
    • Rehwinkel, J.1    Reise Sousa, C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.