Postpartum changes in maternal and infant erythrocyte fatty acids are likely to be driven by restoring insulin sensitivity and DHA status

Medical Hypotheses

Volumn 76, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 794-801

  Kuipers, Remko S ^a   Luxwolda, Martine F ^a   Sango, Wicklif S ^b   Kwesigabo, Gideon ^c   Velzing Aarts, Francien V ^a   Dijck Brouwer, D A Janneke ^a   Muskiet, Frits A J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^b Same Regional Hospital   (Tanzania)

^c MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES   (Tanzania)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACYL COENZYME A DESATURASE; ARACHIDONIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; INSULIN; LINOLEIC ACID; MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; SATURATED FATTY ACID; STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN 1; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ARTICLE; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ERYTHROCYTE; FATTY ACID BLOOD LEVEL; FATTY ACID DESATURATION; FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; GLUCONEOGENESIS; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIPID TRANSPORT; LIPOGENESIS; LIPOLYSIS; MATERNAL BLOOD; NORMAL HUMAN; PUERPERIUM;

DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; ERYTHROCYTES; FATTY ACIDS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; POSTPARTUM PERIOD; PREGNANCY;

EID: 79955730025     PISSN: 03069877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.02.020     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Muskiet FA. Pathophysiology and evolutionary aspects of dietary fats and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids across the life cycle. In: Montmayeur JP, le Coutre J, editors. Fat detection. Taste, texture, and post ingestive effects. Boca Raton (USA): CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group; 2010. p. 19-79.
2. Brenner R.R. Hormonal modulation of Delta 6 and Delta 5 desaturases: case of diabetes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2003, 68:151-162.
3. Das U.N. A defect in the activity of Delta(6) and Delta(5) desaturases may be a factor predisposing to the development of insulin resistance syndrome. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005, 72:343-350.
4. Vessby B., Gustafsson I.B., Tengblad S., Boberg M., Andersson A. Desaturation and elongation of fatty acids and insulin action. Lipids and insulin resistance: the role of fatty acid metabolism and fuel partitioning. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002, 967:183-195.
5. Vessby B. Dietary fat, fatty acid composition in plasma and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Lipidol 2003, 14:15-19.
6. Broadhurst C.L., Wang Y., Crawford M.A., Cunnane S.C., Parkington J.E., Schmidt W.F. Brain-specific lipids from marine, lacustrine, or terrestrial food resources: potential impact on early African Homo sapiens. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002, 131:653-673.
7. Martinez M. Tissue levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids during early human development. J Pediatr 1992, 120:S129-S138.
8. Dijck-Brouwer D.A.J., Hadders-Algra M., Bouwstra H., et al. Impaired maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy is associated with low status of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) and essential fatty acids (EFA) in the fetus. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005, 73:85-87.
9. Huiskes V.J.B., Kuipers R.S., Velzing-Aarts F.V., Dijck-Brouwer D.A.J., van der Meulen J., Muskiet F.A.J. Higher de novo synthesized fatty acids and lower omega 3- and omega 6-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in umbilical vessels of women with preeclampsia and high fish intakes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009, 80:101-106.
10. Kuipers RS, Luxwolda MF, Sango WS, Kwesigabo G, Velzing-Aarts FV, Dijck-Brouwer DA, et al. Postdelivery changes in maternal and infant erythrocyte fatty acids in 3 populations with increasing fresh water fish intakes; 2011 [Ref. Type: Generic].
11. Kuipers R.S., Smit E.N., van der Meulen J., Janneke Dijck-Brouwer D.A., Rudy Boersma E., Muskiet F.A. Milk in the island of Chole (Tanzania) is high in lauric, myristic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids, and low in linoleic acid reconstructed diet of infants born to our ancestors living in tropical coastal regions. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2007, 76:221-233.
12. Kuipers R.S., Luxwolda M.F., Sango W.S., Kwesigabo G., Dijck-Brouwer D.A., Muskiet F.A. Maternal DHA-equilibrium during pregnancy and lactation is reached at a maternal erythrocyte DHA content of 8g per 100g fatty acids. J Nutr 2011, 141:418-427.
13. Hadden D.R., McLaughlin C. Normal and abnormal maternal metabolism during pregnancy. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2009, 14:66-71.
14. Ryan E.A., O'Sullivan M.J., Skyler J.S. Insulin action during pregnancy. Studies with the euglycemic clamp technique. Diabetes 1985, 34:380-389.
15. Herrera E., Amusquivar E. Lipid metabolism in the fetus and the newborn. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2000, 16:202-210.
16. Haggarty P. Placental regulation of fatty acid delivery and its effect on fetal growth - a review. Placenta 2002; 23(Suppl. A):S28-S38.
17. Haggarty P. Effect of placental function on fatty acid requirements during pregnancy. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004, 58:1559-1570.
18. Herrera E. Metabolic adaptations in pregnancy and their implications for the availability of substrates to the fetus. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000, 54:S47-S51.
19. Fraser R.B. The effect of pregnancy on the normal range of the oral glucose tolerance in Africans. East Afr Med J 1981, 58:90-94.
20. Flowers M.T., Ntambi J.M. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase and its relation to high-carbohydrate diets and obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009, 1791:85-91.
21. Paton C.M., Ntambi J.M. Biochemical and physiological function of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Am J Physiol - Endocrinol Metab 2009, 297:E28-E37.
22. Matsuzaka T., Shimano H. Elovl6: a new player in fatty acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. J Mol Medi - JMM 2009, 87:379-384.
23. Schwarz J.M., Linfoot P., Dare D., Aghajanian K. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis in normoinsulinemic and hyperinsulinemic subjects consuming high-fat, low-carbohydrate and low-fat, high-carbohydrate isoenergetic diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 77:43-50.
24. Donnelly K.L., Smith C.I., Schwarzenberg S.J., Jessurun J., Boldt M.D., Parks E.J. Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest 2005, 115:1343-1351.
25. Jump D.B. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of hepatic gene transcription. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008, 19:242-247.
26. Attie A.D., Krauss R.M., Gray-Keller M.P., et al. Relationship between stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity and plasma triglycerides in human and mouse hypertriglyceridemia. J Lipid Res 2002, 43:1899-1907.
27. Chong M.F., Hodson L., Bickerton A.S., et al. Parallel activation of de novo lipogenesis and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity after 3 d of high-carbohydrate feeding. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 87:817-823.
28. Corpeleijn E., Feskens E.J., Jansen E.H., et al. Improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after lifestyle intervention are related to changes in serum fatty acid profile and desaturase activities: the SLIM study. Diabetologia 2006, 49:2392-2401.
29. Warensjo E., Riserus U., Vessby B. Fatty acid composition of serum lipids predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome in men. Diabetologia 2005, 48:1999-2005.
30. Zhou Y.E., Egeland G.M., Meltzer S.J., Kubow S. The association of desaturase 9 and plasma fatty acid composition with insulin resistance-associated factors in female adolescents. Metabolism 2009, 58:158-166.
31. Sjogren P., Sierra-Johnson J., Gertow K., et al. Fatty acid desaturases in human adipose tissue: relationships between gene expression, desaturation indexes and insulin resistance. Diabetologia 2008, 51:328-335.
32. Al M.D.M., Vanhouwelingen A.C., Kester A.D.M., Hasaart T.H.M., Dejong A.E.P., Hornstra G. Maternal essential fatty-acid patterns during normal-pregnancy and their relationship to the neonatal essential fatty-acid status. Br J Nutr 1995, 74:55-68.
33. Otto S.J., van Houwelingen A.C., Badart-Smook A., Hornstra G. Changes in the maternal essential fatty acid profile during early pregnancy and the relation of the profile to diet. Am J Clin Nutr 2001, 73:302-307.
34. Stark K.D., Beblo S., Murthy M., et al. Comparison of bloodstream fatty acid composition from African-American women at gestation, delivery, and postpartum. J Lipid Res 2005, 46:516-525.
35. Vlaardingerbroek H., Hornstra G. Essential fatty acids in erythrocyte phospholipids during pregnancy and at delivery in mothers and their neonates: comparison with plasma phospholipids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2004, 71:363-374.
36. Crawford M.A., Hassam A.G., Williams G., Whitehouse W.L. Essential fatty-acids and fetal brain growth. Lancet 1976, 1:452-453.
37. Emken E.A., Adlof R.O., Hachey D.L., Garza C., Thomas M.R., Brownbooth L. Incorporation of deuterium-labeled fatty-acids into human-milk, plasma, and lipoprotein phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. J Lipid Res 1989, 30:395-402.
38. Thompson B.J., Smith S. Biosynthesis of fatty acids by lactating human breast epithelial cells: an evaluation of the contribution to the overall composition of human milk fat. Pediatr Res 1985, 19:139-143.
39. Demmelmair H., Baumheuer M., Koletzko B., Dokoupil K., Kratl G. Investigation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in lactating women by means of stable isotope techniques. Adv Exp Med Biol 2001, 501:169-177.
40. Koletzko B., Rodriguez-Palmero M. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk and their role in early infant development. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 1999, 4:269-284.
41. Hachey D.L., Thomas M.R., Emken E.A., et al. Human lactation - maternal transfer of dietary triglycerides labeled with stable isotopes. J Lipid Res 1987, 28:1185-1192.
42. Otto S.J., van Houwelingen A.C., Badart-Smook A., Hornstra G. Comparison of the peripartum and postpartum phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles of lactating and nonlactating women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001, 73:1074-1079.
43. Clandinin M.T., Van Aerde J.E., Parrott A., Field C.J., Euler A.R., Lien E.L. Assessment of the efficacious dose of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in preterm infant formulas: fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane lipids. Pediatr Res 1997, 42:819-825.
44. Makrides M., Neumann M.A., Simmer K., Gibson R.A. Erythrocyte fatty acids of term infants fed either breast milk, standard formula, or formula supplemented with long-chain polyunsaturates. Lipids 1995, 30:941-948.
45. Peng Y.M., Zhang T.Y., Wang Q., Zetterstrom R., Strandvik B. Fatty acid composition in breast milk and serum phospholipids of healthy term Chinese infants during first 6weeks of life. Acta Paediatr 2007, 96:1640-1645.
46. Bondia-Martinez E., Lopez-Sabater M.C., Castellote-Bargallo A.I., et al. Fatty acid composition of plasma and erythrocytes in term infants fed human milk and formulae with and without docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids from egg yolk lecithin. Early Hum Dev 1998, 53(Suppl):S109-S119.
47. Chirouze V., Lapillonne A., Putet G., Salle B.L. Red blood cell fatty acid composition in low-birth-weight infants fed either human milk or formula during the first months of life. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1994, 405:70-77.
48. Ghebremeskel K., Leighfield M., Leaf A., Costeloe K., Crawford M. Fatty acid composition of plasma and red cell phospholipids of preterm babies fed on breast milk and formulae. Eur J Pediatr 1995, 154:46-52.
49. Maurage C., Guesnet P., Pinault M., et al. Effect of two types of fish oil supplementation on plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids in formula-fed term infants. Biol Neonate 1998, 74:416-429.
50. Ghebremeskel K., Min Y., Crawford M.A., et al. Blood fatty acid composition of pregnant and nonpregnant Korean women: red cells may act as a reservoir of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for utilization by the developing fetus. Lipids 2000, 35:567-574.
51. Holman R.T., Johnson S.B., Ogburn P.L. Deficiency of essential fatty acids and membrane fluidity during pregnancy and lactation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991, 88:4835-4839.
52. Hornstra G. Essential fatty acids during pregnancy. Impact on mother and child. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program 2005, 55:83-96.
53. Hachey D.L., Silber G.H., Wong W.W., Garza C. Human lactation. II: Endogenous fatty acid synthesis by the mammary gland. Pediatr Res 1989, 25:63-68.
54. Martinez M., Mougan I. Fatty acid composition of human brain phospholipids during normal development. J Neurochem 1998, 71:2528-2533.
55. Van Aerde J.E., Feldman M., Clandinin M.T. Accretion of lipid in the fetus and the newborn. Fetal and neonatal physiology 1998, 458-477. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. R.A. Polin, W.W. Fox (Eds.).
56. Haig D. Genetic conflicts in human pregnancy. Q Rev Biol 1993, 68:495-532.
57. Handwerger S., Freemark M. The roles of placental growth hormone and placental lactogen in the regulation of human fetal growth and development. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000, 13:343-356.
58. Burdge G.C. Metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006, 75:161-168.
59. Montelongo A., Lasuncion M.A., Pallardo L.F., Herrera E. Longitudinal study of plasma lipoproteins and hormones during pregnancy in normal and diabetic women. Diabetes 1992, 41:1651-1659.
60. Lindsay J.R., Nieman L.K. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in pregnancy: challenges in disease detection and treatment. Endocr Rev 2005, 26:775-799.
61. Landgraf R., Landraf-Leurs M.M., Weissmann A., Horl R., von Werder K., Scriba P.C. Prolactin: a diabetogenic hormone. Diabetologia 1977, 13:99-104.
62. Butte N.F., Hopkinson J.M., Nicolson M.A. Leptin in human reproduction: serum leptin levels in pregnant and lactating women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997, 82:585-589.
63. Cohen P., Miyazaki M., Socci N.D., et al. Role for stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in leptin-mediated weight loss. Science 2002, 297:240-243.
64. Lain K.Y., Catalano P.M. Factors that affect maternal insulin resistance and modify fetal growth and body composition. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2006, 4:91-100.
65. Roberts R., Hodson L., Dennis A.L., et al. Markers of de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue: associations with small adipocytes and insulin sensitivity in humans. Diabetologia 2009, 52:882-890.
66. Martin-Hidalgo A., Holm C., Belfrage P., Schotz M.C., Herrera E. Lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase activity and mRNA in rat adipose tissue during pregnancy. Am J Physiol 1994, 266:E930-E935.
67. Mitro N., Mak P.A., Vargas L., et al. The nuclear receptor LXR is a glucose sensor. Nature 2007, 445:219-223.
68. Raghow R., Yellaturu C., Deng X., Park E.A., Elam M.B. SREBPs: the crossroads of physiological and pathological lipid homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2008, 19:65-73.
69. Sampath H., Ntambi J.M. The fate and intermediary metabolism of stearic acid. Lipids 2005, 40:1187-1191.
70. Lafontan M., Langin D. Lipolysis and lipid mobilization in human adipose tissue. Prog Lipid Res 2009, 48:275-297.
71. Wassall S.R., Stillwell W. Docosahexaenoic acid domains: the ultimate non-raft membrane domain. Chem Phys Lipids 2008, 153:57-63.
72. Wassall S.R., Stillwell W. Polyunsaturated fatty acid-cholesterol interactions: domain formation in membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009, 1788:24-32.
73. Popp-Snijders C., Schouten J.A., van Blitterswijk W.J., Van der Veen E.A. Changes in membrane lipid composition of human erythrocytes after dietary supplementation of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids. Maintenance of membrane fluidity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1986, 854:31-37.
74. Dobrosotskaya I.Y., Seegmiller A.C., Brown M.S., Goldstein J.L., Rawson R.B. Regulation of SREBP processing and membrane lipid production by phospholipids in Drosophila. Science 2002, 296:879-883.
75. Nakamura M.T., Nara T.Y. Essential fatty acid synthesis and its regulation in mammals. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2003, 68:145-150.
76. Carpentier Y.A., Portois L., Malaisse W.J. N-3 fatty acids and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 83:1499S-1504S.
77. Hartweg J, Perera R, Montori V, Dinneen S, Neil HA, Farmer A. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;CD003205.
78. Min Y., Lowy C., Ghebremeskel K., Thomas B., Offley-Shore B., Crawford M. Unfavorable effect of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on maternal and fetal essential fatty acid status: a potential marker of fetal insulin resistance. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 82:1162-1168.
79. Rodriguez Y., Christophe A.B. Long-chain omega6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocyte phospholipids are associated with insulin resistance in non-obese type 2 diabetics. Clin Chim Acta 2005, 354:195-199.
80. Min Y., Nam J.H., Ghebremeskel K., Kim A., Crawford M. A distinctive fatty acid profile in circulating lipids of Korean gestational diabetics: a pilot study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006, 73:178-183.
81. Wijendran V., Bendel R.B., Couch S.C., Philipson E.H., Cheruku S., Lammi-Keefe C.J. Fetal erythrocyte phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids are altered in pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Lipids 2000, 35:927-931.
82. Vela-Huerta M.M., Vicente-Santoscoy E.U., Guizar-Mendoza J.M., Amador-Licona N., Aldana-Valenzuela C., Hernnandez J. Leptin, insulin, and glucose serum levels in large-for-gestational-age infants of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2008, 21:17-22.
83. Kuhn D.C., Crawford M. Placental essential fatty acid transport and prostaglandin synthesis. Prog Lipid Res 1986, 25:345-353.
84. Haggarty P., Ashton J., Joynson M., Abramovich D.R., Page K. Effect of maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration on transport by the human placenta. Biol Neonate 1999, 75:350-359.
85. Su H.M., Corso T.N., Nathanielsz P.W., Brenna J.T. Linoleic acid kinetics and conversion to arachidonic acid in the pregnant and fetal baboon. J Lipid Res 1999, 40:1304-1312.
86. Crawford M. Placental delivery of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids: implications for the lipid nutrition of preterm infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71:275S-284S.
87. Jorgensen M.H., Nielsen P.K., Michaelsen K.F., Lund P., Lauritzen L. The composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocytes of lactating mothers and their infants. Matern Child Nutr 2006, 2:29-39.
88. Makrides M., Gibson R.A. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid requirements during pregnancy and lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71:307S-311S.