Compensation for exaggerated eye stalks in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)

Functional Ecology

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 608-616

  Husak, Jerry F ^a   Ribak, Gal ^b   Wilkinson, Gerald S ^c   Swallow, John G ^a  

^a University of South Dakota   (United States)

^b TECHNION ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Israel)

^c University of Maryland   (United States)

Author keywords

Compensatory traits; Ornament costs; Performance; Wing shape

Indexed keywords

COMPENSATION; CORRELATION; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; EYE; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; FLY; LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; ORNAMENTATION; PREDATION RISK; WING MORPHOLOGY;

DIOPSIDAE;

EID: 79955522604     PISSN: 02698463     EISSN: 13652435     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01827.x     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Al-Khairulla, H., Warburton, D. & Knell, R.J. (2003) Do the eyestalks of female diopsid flies have a function in intrasexual aggressive encounters? Journal of Insect Behavior, 16, 679-686.
2. Andersson, M. (1994) Sexual Selection. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ.
3. Andersson, S. (1992) Lek mating and sexual selection in Jackson's Widowbird (Euplectes jackson). PhD Dissertation, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden.
4. Andersson, S. & Andersson, M. (1994) Tail ornamentation, size dimorphism and wing length in the genus Euplectes (Ploceinae). Auk, 111, 80-86.
5. Arnold, S.J. (1983) Morphology, performance, and fitness. American Zoologist, 23, 347-361.
6. Baker, R.H. & Wilkinson, G.S. (2001) Phylogenetic analysis of eye stalk allometry and sexual dimorphism in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). Evolution, 55, 1373-1385.
7. Baker, R.H. & Wilkinson, G.S. (2003) Phylogenetic analysis of correlation structure in stalk-eyed flies (Diasemopsis, Diopsidae). Evolution, 57, 87-103.
8. Balmford, A., Jones, I.L. & Thomas, A.L.R. (1994) How to compensate for costly sexually selected tails: the origin of sexually dimorphic wings in long-tailed birds. Evolution, 48, 1062-1070.
9. Basolo, A.L. & Alcaraz, G. (2003) The turn of the sword: length increases male swimming costs in swordtails. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 270, 1631-1636.
10. Berglund, A., Bisazza, A. & Pilastro, A. (1996) Armaments and ornaments: an evolutionary explanation of traits of dual utility. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 58, 385-399.
11. Blows, M. (2007) A tale of two matrices: multivariate approaches in evolutionary biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 20, 1-8.
12. Buchanan, K.L. & Evans, M.R. (2000) The effect of tail streamer length on aerodynamic performance in the barn swallow. Behavioral Ecology, 11, 228-238.
13. Burkhardt, D. & de la Motte, I. (1985) Selective pressures, variability and sexual dimorphism in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). Naturwissenschaften, 72, 204-206.
14. Burkhardt, D. & de la Motte, I. (1988) Big 'antlers' are favored: female choice in stalk-eyed flies (Diptera, Insecta), field collected harems and laboratory experiments. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 162, 649-652.
15. Cotton, S., Fowler, K. & Pomiankowski, A. (2004) Condition dependence of sexual ornament size and variation in the stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni (Diptera: Diopsidae). Evolution, 58, 1038-1046.
16. Cotton, S., Rogers, D.W., Small, J., Pomiankowski, A. & Fowler, K. (2006) Variation in preference for a male ornament is positively associated with female eyespan in the stalk-eyed fly Diasemopsis meigenii. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 273, 1287-1292.
17. Cotton, S., Small, J., Hashim, R. & Pomiankowski, A. (2010) Eyespan reflects reproductive quality in wild stalk-eyed flies. Evolutionary Ecology, 24, 83-95.
18. Cox, R.M. & Calsbeek, R. (2009) Sexually antagonistic selection, sexual dimorphism, and the resolution of intralocus sexual conflict. American Naturalist, 173, 176-187.
19. Cox, R.M. & Calsbeek, R. (2010) Severe costs of reproduction persist in Anolis lizards despite the evolution of a single-egg clutch. Evolution, 64, 1321-1330.
20. Craig, A.J.F.K. (1989) Tail length and sexual selection in the polygynous Longtailed Widow (Euplectes progne): A cautionary tale. South African Journal of Science, 85, 523-524.
21. Dudley, R. (2000) The Biomechanics of Insect Flight. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
22. Dudley, R. (2002) Mechanisms and implications of animal flight maneuverability. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 42, 135-140.
23. Egge, A.R., Brandt, Y. & Swallow, J.G. (2011) Sequential analysis of aggressive interactions in the stalk-eyed fly Teleopsis dalmanni. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, DOI:
24. Ellington, C.P. (1984) The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight II. Morphological parameters. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 305, 17-40.
25. Emlen, D.J. (2008) The evolution of animal weapons. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 39, 387-413.
26. Endler, J.A. (1983) Natural and sexual selection on color patterns in poeciliid fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 9, 173-190.
27. Evans, M.R. (1998) Selection on swallow tail streamers. Nature, 394, 233-234.
28. Evans, M.R. & Hatchwell, B.J. (1992) An experimental study of male adornment in the scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird: II. The role of the elongated tail in mate choice and experimental evidence for a handicap. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 29, 421-427.
29. Evans, M.R. & Thomas, A.L.R. (1992) The aerodynamical and mechanical effects of elongated tails in the scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird: measuring the cost of a handicap. Animal Behaviour, 43, 337-347.
30. Földvári, M., Pomiankowski, A., Cotton, S. & Carr, M. (2007) A morphological and molecular description of a new Teleopsis species (Diptera: Diopsidae) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 1620, 37-51.
31. Fry, S.N., Sayaman, R. & Dickinson, M.H. (2003) The aerodynamics of free flight maneuvers in Drosophila. Science, 300, 495-498.
32. Getty, T. (1998) Handicap signalling: when fecundity and viability do not add up. Animal Behaviour, 56, 127-130.
33. Getty, T. (2006) Sexually selected signals are not similar to sports handicaps. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21, 83-88.
34. Grafen, A. (1990) Biological signals as handicaps. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 144, 517-546.
35. Hingle, A., Fowler, K. & Pomiankowski, A. (2001) Size-dependent mate preference in the stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni. Animal Behaviour, 61, 589-595.
36. Hurd, P.L. (1997) Is signalling of fighting ability costlier for weaker individuals? Journal of Theoretical Biology, 184, 83-88.
37. Irschick, D.J., Meyers, J.J., Husak, J.F. & Le Galliard, J.F. (2008) How does selection operate on whole-organism functional performance capacities? A review and synthesis. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 10, 177-196.
38. Jennions, M.D., Møller, A.P. & Petrie, M. (2001) Sexually selected traits and adult survival: a meta-analysis. Quarterly Review of Biology, 76, 3-36.
39. Kingsolver, J.G., Hoekstra, H.E., Hoekstra, J.M., Berrigan, D., Vignieri, S.N., Hill, C.E., Hoang, A., Gibert, P. & Beerli, P. (2001) The strength of phenotypic selection in natural populations. American Naturalist, 157, 245-261.
40. Kirkpatrick, M. (1987) Sexual selection by female choice in polygynous animals. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18, 43-70.
41. Kotiaho, J.S. (2001) Costs of sexual traits: a mismatch between theoretical considerations and empirical evidence. Biological Reviews, 76, 365-376.
42. Kruesi, K. & Alcaraz, G. (2007) Does a sexually selected trait represent a burden in locomotion? Journal of Fish Biology, 70, 1161-1170.
43. Kullberg, C., Houston, D.C. & Metcalfe, N.B. (2002) Impaired flight ability - a cost of reproduction in female blue tits. Behavioral Ecology, 14, 575-579.
44. Lailvaux, S.P., Hall, M.D. & Brooks, R.C. (2010) Whole-organism performance is no proxy for genetic quality: trade-offs between locomotion, attractiveness and life history in crickets. Ecology, 91, 1530-1537.
45. Lailvaux, S.P. & Kasumovic, M.M. (2010) Defining individual quality over lifetimes and selective contexts. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 278, 321-328.
46. Lande, R. (1980) Sexual dimorphism, sexual selection, and adaptation in polygenic characters. Evolution, 33, 292-305.
47. Lande, R. & Arnold, S.J. (1983) The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution, 37, 1210-1226.
48. Langerhans, R.B., Layman, C.A. & DeWit, T.J. (2005) Male genital size reflects a trade off between attracting mates and avoiding predators in two live-bearing fish species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 102, 7618-7623.
49. Maynard Smith, J. & Harper, D. (2003) Animal Signals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
50. Møller, A.P. (1996) The cost of secondary sexual characters and the evolution of cost-reducing traits. Ibis, 138, 112-119.
51. Møller, A.P., de Lope, F. & López Caballero, J.M. (1995b) Foraging costs of a tail ornament: Experimental evidence from two populations of barn swallows Hirundo rustica with different degrees of sexual size dimorphism. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 37, 289-295.
52. Møller, A.P., de Lope, F. & Saino, N. (1995a) Sexual selection in the barn swallow Hirundo rustica. VI. Aerodynamic adaptations. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 8, 671-687.
53. Møller, A.P., Barbosa, A., Cuervo, J.J., de Lope, F., Merino, S. & Saino, N. (1998) Sexual selection and tail streamers in the barn swallow. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 265, 409-414.
54. Nicoletto, P.F. (1991) The relationship between male ornamentation and swimming performance in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 28, 365-370.
55. Oufiero, C.E. & Garland Jr, T. (2007) Evaluating performance costs of sexually selected traits. Functional Ecology, 21, 676-689.
56. Panhuis, T.M. & Wilkinson, G.S. (1999) Exaggerated male eye span influences contest outcome in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 46, 221-227.
57. Park, K.J., Rosén, M. & Hedenström, A. (2001) Flight kinematics of the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) over a wide range of speeds in a wind tunnel. Journal of Experimental Biology, 204, 2741-2750.
58. Pocklington, R. & Dill, L.M. (1995) Predation on females or males: who pays for bright male traits? Animal Behaviour, 49, 1122-1124.
59. Reznick, D. (1985) Costs of reproduction: an evaluation of the empirical evidence. Oikos, 44, 257-267.
60. Ribak, G. & Swallow, J.G. (2007) Free flight maneuvers of stalk-eyed flies: do eye-stalks affect aerial turning behavior? Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 193, 1065-1079.
61. Ribak, G., Pitts, M.L., Wilkinson, G.S. & Swallow, J.G. (2009) Wing shape, wing size, and sexual dimorphism in eye-span in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 98, 860-871.
62. Rohwer, S. (1977) Status signaling in Harris' sparrows: some experiments in deception. Behaviour, 61, 107-129.
63. Royle, N.J., Metcalfe, N.B. & Lindstrom, J. (2006) Sexual selection, growth compensation and fast-start swimming performance in Green Swordtails, Xiphophorus helleri. Functional Ecology, 20, 662-669.
64. Ryan, M.J. (1988) Phenotype, genotype, swimming endurance and sexual selection in a Swordtail (Xiphophorus nigrensis). Copeia, 1988, 484-487.
65. Searcy, W.A. & Nowicki, S. (2005) The Evolution of Animal Communication: Reliability and Deception in Signaling Systems. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
66. Shine, R. (1980) "Costs" of reproduction in reptiles. Oecologia, 46, 92-100.
67. Small, J., Cotton, S., Fowler, K. & Pomiankowski, A. (2009) Male eyespan and resource ownership affect contest outcome in the stalk-eyed fly, Teleoplsis dalmanni. Animal Behaviour, 78, 1213-1220.
68. Swallow, J.G., Wilkinson, G.S. & Marden, J.H. (2000) Aerial performance of stalk-eyed flies that differ in eyespan. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 170, 481-487.
69. Tomkins, J.L., Kotiaho, J.S. & LeBas, N.R. (2005) Phenotypic plasticity in the developmental integration of morphological trade-offs and secondary sexual trait compensation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 272, 543-551.
70. Weis-Fogh, T. (1973) Quick estimates of flight fitness in hovering animals, including novel mechanisms for lift production. Journal of Experimental Biology, 59, 169-230.
71. Wilkinson, G.S. (1993) Artificial sexual selection alters allometry in the stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni (Diptera: Diopsidae). Genetical Research, 62, 213-222.
72. Wilkinson, G.S. & Dodson, G.N. (1997) Function and evolution of antlers and eye stalks in flies. The Evolution of Mating Systems in Insects and Arachnids (eds J. Choe & B. Crespi ), pp. 310-328. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
73. Wilkinson, G.S., Kahler, H. & Baker, R.H. (1998) Evolution of female mate preferences in stalk-eyed flies. Behavioral Ecology, 9, 525-533.
74. Wilkinson, G.S. & Taper, M. (1999) Evolution of genetic variation for condition dependent ornaments in stalk-eyed flies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 266, 1685-1690.
75. Worthington, A.M. & Swallow, J.G. (2010) Gender differences in survival and antipredatory behavior in stalk-eyed flies. Behavioral Ecology, 21, 759-766.
76. Zahavi, A. (1975) Mate selection - a selection for a handicap. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 53, 205-214.