Severe costs of reproduction persist in Anolis lizards despite the evolution of a single-egg clutch

Evolution

Volumn 64, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 1321-1330

  Cox, Robert M ^a   Calsbeek, Ryan ^a  

^a Dartmouth College   (United States)

Author keywords

Growth; Life history; Locomotor performance; Phenotypic manipulation; Reproductive investment; Survival; Trade off

Indexed keywords

BREEDING SEASON; CLUTCH SIZE; FITNESS; GROWTH RESPONSE; LIFE HISTORY THEORY; LIZARD; LOCOMOTION; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; PHENOTYPE; REPRODUCTIVE COST; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; SURVIVAL; TRADE-OFF;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; LIZARD; PHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCTION;

ANIMALS; EVOLUTION; LIZARDS; REPRODUCTION; BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION;

ANOLIS; ANOLIS SAGREI; SQUAMATA;

EID: 77953778833     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: 15585646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00906.x     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Andrews R M, Rand A S. Reproductive effort in anoline lizards. Ecology 1974, 55:1317-1327.
2. Ardia D R, Schat K A, Winkler D W. Reproductive effort reduces long-term immune function in breeding tree-swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 2003, 270:1679-1683.
3. Bailey R C. Why we should stop trying to measure the cost of reproduction correctly. Oikos 1992, 65:349-352.
4. Bronikowski A M. The evolution of aging phenotypes in snakes: a review and synthesis with new data. AGE: Journal of the American Aging Association 2008, 30:169-176.
5. Calsbeek R. An ecological twist on the morphology-performance-fitness axis. Evol. Ecol. Res. 2008, 10:197-212.
6. Calsbeek R, Bonneaud C. Postcopulatory fertilization bias as a form of cryptic sexual selection. Evolution 2008, 62:1137-1148.
7. Calsbeek R, Irschick D J. The quick and the dead: correlational selection on morphology, performance and habitat use in island lizards. Evolution 2007, 61:2493-2503.
8. Calsbeek R, Smith T B. Experimentally replicated disruptive selection on performance traits in a Caribbean lizard. Evolution 2008a, 62:478-484.
9. Calsbeek R, Smith T B. Probing the adaptive landscape on experimental islands: density dependent selection on lizard body size. Evolution 2008b, 61:1052-1061.
10. Calsbeek R, Bonneaud C, Smith T B. Differential fitness effects of immunocompetence and neighborhood density in alternative female lizard morphs. J. Anim. Ecol. 2008, 77:103-109.
11. Clobert J, Garland T, Barbault R. The evolution of demographic tactics in lizards: a test of some hypotheses concerning life history evolution. J. Evol. Biol. 1998, 11:329-364.
12. Cooper W E, Vitt L J, Hedges R, Huey R B. Locomotor impairment and defense in gravid lizards (Eumeces laticeps): behavioral shift in activity may offset costs of reproduction in an active forager. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1990, 27:153-157.
13. Cox R M. A test of the reproductive cost hypothesis for sexual size dimorphism in Yarrow's Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii. J. Anim. Ecol. 2006, 75:1361-1369.
14. Cox R M, Calsbeek R. Sex-specific selection and intraspecific variation in sexual size dimorphism. Evolution 2009, 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00851.x, DOI
15. Cox R M, Stenquist D S, Calsbeek R. Testosterone, growth, and the evolution of sexual size dimorphism. J. Evol. Biol. 2009, 22:1586-1598.
16. Dunham A E, Miles D B. Patterns of covariation in life history traits of squamate reptiles: the effects of size and phylogeny reconsidered. Am. Nat. 1985, 126:231-257.
17. Ford J J, Klindt J. Sexual differentiation and the growth process. Animal growth regulation 1989, 317-336. Campion D R, Hausman G JMartin R J. Pp, , eds, Plenum Press, New York
18. French S S, DeNardo D F, Moore M C. Trade-offs between the reproductive and immune systems: facultative responses to resources or obligate responses to reproduction?. Am. Nat. 2007, 170:79-89.
19. Gadgil M, Bossert W H. Life historical consequences of natural selection. Am. Nat. 1970, 104:1-24.
20. Gasser M, Kaiser M, Berrigan D, Stearns S C. Life-history correlates of evolution under high and low adult mortality. Evolution 2000, 54:1260-1272.
21. Ghalambor C K, Reznick D N, Walker J A. Constraints on adaptive evolution: the functional trade-off between reproduction and fast-start swimming performance in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulada). Am. Nat. 2004, 164:38-50.
22. Hanssen S A, Hasselquist D, Folstad I, Erikstad K E. Cost of reproduction in a long-lived bird: incubation effort reduces immune function and future reproduction. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 2005, 272:1039-1046.
23. Harshman L G, Hoffmann A A. Laboratory selection experiments using Drosophila: what do they really tell us?. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2000, 15:32-36.
24. Jervis M A, Heimpel G E, Ferns P N, Harvey J A, Kidd N A C. Life-history strategies in parasitoid wasps: a comparative analysis of 'ovigeny'. J. Anim. Ecol. 2001, 70:442-458.
25. Jervis M A, Boggs C L, Ferns P N. Egg maturation strategy and survival trade-offs in holometabolous insects: a comparative approach. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2007, 90:293-302.
26. Ketterson E D, Nolan V, Wolf L, Ziegenfus C. Testosterone and avian life histories: effects of experimentally elevated testosterone on behavior and correlates of fitness in the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). Am. Nat. 1992, 140:980-999.
27. Kratochvil L, Kubicka L. Why reduce clutch size to one or two eggs? Reproductive allometries reveal different evolutionary causes of invariant clutch size in lizards. Funct. Ecol. 2007, 21:171-177.
28. Landwer A. Manipulation of egg production reveals costs of reproduction in the tree lizard (Urosaurus ornatus). Oecologia 1994, 100:243-249.
29. Lee J C, Clayton D, Eisenstein S, Perez I. The reproductive cycle of Anolis sagrei in southern Florida. Copeia 1989, 1989:930-937.
30. Lee S J, Witter M S, Cuthill I C, Goldsmith A R. Reduction in escape performance as a cost of reproduction in gravid starlings, Sturnus vulgaris. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1996, 263:619-624.
31. Lerner D T, Mason R T. The influence of sex steroids on the sexual size dimorphism in the red-spotted garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis concinnus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2001, 124:218-225.
32. Losos J B, Schoener T W, Spiller D A. Predator-induced behaviour shifts and natural selection in field-experimental lizard populations. Nature 2004, 432:505-508.
33. Martin T E. Avian life history evolution in relation to nest sites, nest predation, and food. Ecol. Monogr. 1995, 65:101-127.
34. Martin L B, Han P, Lewittes J, Kuhlman J R, Klasing K L, Wikelski M. Phytohemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in birds: histological support for a classic immunoecological technique. Funct. Ecol. 2006, 20:290-299.
35. Miles D B, Sinervo B, Frankino W A. Reproductive burden, locomotor performance, and the cost of reproduction in free ranging lizards. Evolution 2000, 54:1386-1395.
36. Read A F, Harvey P H. Life history differences among the eutherian radiations. J. Zool. 1989, 219:329-353.
37. Reznick D. Costs of reproduction: an evaluation of the empirical evidence. Oikos 1985, 44:257-267.
38. Reznick D A, Bryga H, Endler J A. Experimentally induced life-history evolution in a natural population. Nature 1990, 346:357-359.
39. Reznick D N, Bryant M J, Roff D A, Ghalambor C K, Ghalambor D E. Effect of extrinsic mortality on the evolution of senescence in guppies. Nature 2004, 431:1095-1099.
40. Roff D A. Life history evolution 2002, Sinauer Associates Inc., Boston
41. Rose M R, Charlesworth B. Genetics of life history in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Exploratory selection experiments. Genetics 1981, 97:187-196.
42. Rubenstein D R, Wikelski M. Steroid hormones and aggression in female Galapagos marine iguanas. Horm. Behav. 2005, 48:329-341.
43. Schwarzkopf L. Costs of reproduction in water skinks. Ecology 1993, 74:1970-1981.
44. Schwarzkopf L. Measuring trade-offs: a review of studies of costs of reproduction in lizards. Lizard ecology: historical and experimental perspectives 1994, 7-29. Vitt L JPianka E R. Pp, , eds, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ
45. Seigel R A, Huggins M M, Ford N B. Reduction in locomotor ability as a cost of reproduction in gravid snakes. 1987, 73:481-485. Oecologia
46. Shine R. " Costs" of reproduction in reptiles. Oecologia 1980, 46:92-100.
47. Sinervo B. Mechanistic analysis of natural selection and a refinement of Lack's and William's principles. Am. Nat. 1999, 154:S26-S42.
48. Sinervo B, DeNardo D F. Costs of reproduction in the wild: path analysis of natural selection and experimental tests of causation. Evolution 1996, 50:1299-1313.
49. Sinervo B, Hedges R, Adolph S C. Decreased sprint speed as a cost of reproduction in the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis: variation among populations. J. Exp. Biol. 1991, 155:323-366.
50. Sinervo B, Doughty P, Huey R B, Zamudio K. Allometric engineering: a causal analysis of natural selection on offspring size. Science 1992, 258:1927-1930.
51. Sinervo B, Svensson E, Comendant T. Density cycles and an offspring quantity and quality game driven by natural selection. Nature 2000, 406:985-988.
52. Stearns S C. Trade-offs in life-history evolution. Funct. Ecol. 1989, 3:259-268.
53. Stearns S C. The evolution of life histories 1992, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford
54. Tinkle D W. The concept of reproductive effort and its relation and its relation to the evolution of lizard life histories. Am. Nat. 1969, 103:501-516.
55. Veasey J S, Houston D C, Metcalf N B. A hidden cost of reproduction: the trade-off between clutch size and escape take-off speed in female zebra finches. Journal of Animal Ecology 2001, 70:20-24.
56. Weeks S C. The hidden cost of reproduction: reduced food intake caused by spatial constraints in the body cavity. 1996, 75:345-349. Oikos
57. White G C, Burnham K P. Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animals. Bird Study 1999, 46(supplement):120-138.
58. Whittier J M, Tokarz R R. Physiological regulation of sexual behavior in female reptiles. Biology of the reptilia: hormones, brain, and behavior 1992, 24-69. Gans C, Crews D. Pp, , eds, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago
59. Williams G C. Natural selection, the costs of reproduction, and a refinement of Lack's principle. Am. Nat. 1966, 100:687-690.
60. Williams P D, Day T, Fletcher Q, Rowe L. The shaping of senescence in the wild. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2006, 21:458-463.
61. Woodley S K, Moore M C. Ovarian hormones influence territorial aggression in free-living female mountain spiny lizards. Horm. Behav. 1999, 35:205-214.