Phylogenetic analysis of correlation structure in stalk-eyed flies (Diasemopsis, Diopsidae)

Evolution

Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 87-103

  Baker, Richard H ^a,b,d   Wilkinson, Gerald S ^c  

^a DIVISION OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c University of Maryland   (United States)

^d Dept of Energy Jt Genome Institute ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Common principal component analysis; Correlated selection; Evolutionary constraint; Eye span; Genetic correlation; Independent contrasts; Mantel test

Indexed keywords

DIVERGENCE; FLY; GENETIC VARIATION; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENETICS;

ANIMALIA; DIASEMOPSIS; DIASEMOPSIS DUBIA; DIOPSIDAE; DIPTERA; INSECTA;

EID: 0037287098     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00218.x     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Ackerly, D. 1997. ACAP 2. Program and documentation available via http://www.leland.stanford.edu/~dackerly/ACAP.html
2. Ackerly, D. D., and M. J. Donoghue. 1998. Leaf size, sapling allometry, and Corner's rules: phylogeny and correlated evolution in maples (Acer). Am. Nat. 152:767-791.
3. Andersson, S. 1997. Genetic constraints on phenotypic evolution in Nigella (Ranunculaceae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 62:519-532.
4. Armbruster, W. S. 1991. Multilevel analysis of morphometric data from natural plant populations: insights into ontogenetic, genetic, and selective correlations in Dalechampia scandens. Evolution 45:1229-1244.
5. Armbruster, W. S., and K. E. Schwaegerle. 1996. Causes of covariation of phenotypic traits among populations. J. Evol. Biol. 9:261-276.
6. Arnold, S. J. 1992. Constraints on phenotypic evolution. Am. Nat. 140:S85-S107.
7. Arnold, S. J., and P. C. Phillips. 1999. Hierarchical comparison of genetic variance-covariance matrices. II. Coastal-inland divergence in the garter snaker, Thamnophis elegans. Evolution 53:1516-1527.
8. Badyaev, A. V., and G. E. Hill. 2000. The evolution of sexual dimorphism in the house finch. I. Population divergence in morphological covariance structure. Evolution 54:1784-1794.
9. Baker, R. H., and G. S. Wilkinson. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of sexual dimorphism and eye stalk allometry in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). Evolution 55:1373-1385.
10. Baker, R. H., G. S. Wilkinson, and R. DeSalle. 2001. The phylogenetic utility of different types of molecular data used to infer evolutionary relationships among stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). Syst. Biol. 50:87-105.
11. Barton, N. H., and M. Turelli. 1989. Evolutionary quantitative genetics: How little do we know? Annu. Rev. Genet. 23:337-370.
12. Billington, H. L., A. M. Mortimer, and T. McNeilly. 1988. Divergente and genetic structure in adjacent grass populations. I. Quantitative genetics. Evolution 42:1267-1277.
13. Björklund, M., and J. Merilä. 1993. Morphological differentiation in Carduelis finches: Adaptive vs. constraint models. J. Evol. Biol. 6:359-373.
14. Brodie, E. D., III. 1993. Homogeneity of the genetic variance-covariance matrix for antipredator traits in two natural populations of the garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides. Evolution 47:844-854.
15. Burger, R. 1986. Constraints for the evolution of functionally coupled characters: a nonlinear analysis of a phenotypic model. Evolution 40:182-193.
16. Burkhardt, D., and I. de la Motte. 1983. How stalk-eyed flies eye stalk-eyed flies: observations and measurements of the eyes of Cyrtodiopsis whitei (Diopsidae, Diptera). J. Comp. Physiol. A 151:407-421.
17. _. 1985. Selective pressures, variability, and sexual dimorphism in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). Naturwissenschaften 72:204-206.
18. _. 1987. Physiological, behavioral, and morphometric data elucidate the evoltive significance of stalked-eyes in Diopsidae (Diptera). Entomol. Gen. 12:221-233.
19. _. 1988. Big 'antlers' are favoured: female choice in stalkeyed flies (Diptera, Insecta), field collected harems and laboratory experiments. J. Comp. Physiol. A 162:649-652.
20. Burkhardt, D., I. de la Motte, and K. Lunau. 1994. Signalling fitness: larger males sire more offspring. Studies of the stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis whitei (Diopsidae, Diptera). J. Comp. Physiol. A 174:61-64.
21. Camara, M. D., and M. Pugliucci. 1999. Mutational contributions to genetic variance-covariance matrices: an experimental approach using induced mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. Evolution 53:1692-1703.
22. Cheverud, J. M. 1982. Relationships among ontogenetic, static, and evolutionary allometry. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 59:139-149.
23. _. 1984. Quantitative genetics and developmental constraints on evolution by selection. J. Theoret. Biol. 110:155-171.
24. _. 1989. A comparative analysis of morphological variation patterns in the Papionins. Evolution 43:1737-1747.
25. _. 1996. Quantitative genetic analysis of cranial morphology in the cotton-top (Saguinus oedipus) and saddle-back (S. fuscicollis) tamarins. J. Evol. Biol. 9:5-42.
26. Cheverud, J. M., and L. Leamy. 1985. Quantitative genetics and the evolution of ontogeny. III. Ontogenetic changes in correlation structure among live-body traits in randombred mice. Genet. Res. Camb. 46:325-335.
27. Cheverud, J. M., G. P. Wagner, and M. M. Dow. 1989. Methods for the comparative analysis of variation patterns. Syst. Zool. 38:201-212.
28. David P. T. Bjorksten, K. Fowler, and A. Pomiankowski. 2000. Condition-dependent signalling of genetic variation in stalkeyed flies. Nature 406:186-188.
29. de la Motte, I., and D. Burkhardt. 1983. Portrait of an Asian stalkeyed fly. Naturwissenschaften 70:451-461.
30. Deng, H.-W., V. Haynatzka, K. Spitze, and G. Haynatzki. 1999. The determination of genetic covariances and prediction of evolutionary trajectories based on a genetic correlation matrix. Evolution 53:1592-1599.
31. Dietz, E. J. 1983. Permutation test for association between two distance matrices. Syst. Zool. 32:21-26.
32. Eberhard, W. G., B. A. Huber, R. L. Rodriguez, R. D. Briceño, I. Salas, and V. Rodriguez. 1998. One size fits all? Relationships between the size and degree of variation in genitalia and other body parts in 20 species of insects and spiders. Evolution 52:415-431.
33. Falconer, D. S. 1989. Introduction to quantitative genetics. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
34. Feijen, H. R. 1989. Diopsidae. Pp. 1-122 in G. C. D. Griffiths, ed. Flies of the neartic region. E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
35. Felsenstein, J. 1985. Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am. Nat. 125:1-15.
36. _. 1988. Phylogenies and quantitative characters. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 19:445-471.
37. Flury, B. 1988. Common principal components and related multivariate models. Wiley, New York.
38. Futuyma, D. J., M. C. Keese, and D. J. Funk. 1995. Genetic constraints on macroevolution: the evolution of host affiliation in the leaf beetle genus Ophraella. Evolution 49:797-809.
39. Gebhardt, M. D., and S. C. Stearns. 1988. Reaction norms for developmental time and weight at eclosion in Drosophila mercatorum. J. Evol. Biol. 1:335-354.
40. Grant, P. R., and B. R. Grant. 1995. Predicting microevolutionary responses to directional selection on heritable variation. Evolution 49:241-251.
41. Hansen T. F., and E. P. Martins. 1996. Translating between microevolutionary process and macroevolutionary patterns: the correlation structure of interspecific data. Evolution 50:1404-1417.
42. Houle, D., J. Mezey, and P. Galpern. 2002. Interpretation of the results of common principal components analyses. Evolution 56:433-440.
43. Huey, R. B., and A. F. Bennett. 1987. Phylogenetic studies of coadaptation: preferred temperatures versus optimal performance temperatures of lizards. Evolution 41:1098-1115.
44. Jernigan, R. W., D. C. Culver, and D. W. Fong. 1994. The dual role of selection and evolutionary history as reflected in genetic correlations. Evolution 48:587-596.
45. Kingsolver, J. G., and D. C. Wiernasz. 1991. Development, function and the quantitative genetics of wing melanin pattern in Pieris butterflies. Evolution 45:1480-1492.
46. Kohn, L. A., and W. R. Atchley. 1988. How similar are genetic correlation structures? Data from mice and rats. Evolution 42:467-481.
47. Lande, R. 1979. Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain: body size allometry. Evolution 33:402-416.
48. _. 1980. The genetic covariance between characters maintained by pleiotropic mutations. Genetics 94:203-215.
49. _. 1984. The genetic correlation between characters maintained by selection, linkage and inbreeding. Genet. Res. 44:309-320.
50. _. 1986. The dynamics of peak shifts and the pattern of morphological evolution. Paleobiology 12:343-354.
51. Lande, R., and S. J. Arnold. 1983. The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution 37:1210-1226.
52. Leroi, A. M., W. R. Chen, and M. R. Rose. 1994. Long-term laboratory evolution of a genetic life-history trade-off in Drosophila melanogaster. 2. Stability of genetic correlations. Evolution 48:1258-1268.
53. Lofsvold, D. 1986. Quantitative genetics of morphological differentiation in Peromyscus. I. Tests of homogeneity of genetic covariance structure among species and subspecies. Evolution 40:559-573.
54. _. 1988. Quantitative genetics of morphological differentiation in Peromyscus. II. Analysis of selection and drift. Evolution 42:54-67.
55. Lorch, P., G. S. Wilkinson, and P. R. Reillo. 1993. Copulation duration and sperm precedence in the Malaysian stalk-eyed fly, Cyrtodiopsis whitei (Diptera: Diopsidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 32:303-311.
56. Mantel, N. 1967. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res. 27:209-220.
57. Marroig, G., and J. M. Cheverud. 2001. A comparison of phenotypic variation and covariation patterns and the role of phylogeny, ecology and ontogeny during cranial evolution of New World monkeys, Evolution 55:2576-2600.
58. Maynard Smith, J., R. Burian, S. Kaufmann, P. Alberch, J. Campbell, B. Goodwin, R. Lande, D. Raup, and L. Wolpert. 1985. Developmental constraints and evolution. Quart. Rev. Biol. 60:265-287.
59. Merilä, J., and M. Björklund. 1999. Population divergence and morphometric integration in the greenfinch (Carduelis chlons) - evolution against the trajectory of least resistance? J. Evol. Biol. 12:103-112.
60. Mitchell-Olds, T. 1996. Pleiotropy causes long-term genetic constraints on life-history evolution in Brassica rapa. Evolution 50:1849-1858.
61. Panhuis, T. M., and G. S. Wilkinson. 1999. Exaggerated eye span influences male contest outcome in stalk-eyed flies. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 46:221-227.
62. Phillips, P. 1998. CPC: common principal component analysis program. Program and documentation available via http://www.uta.edu/biology/phillips/software.html.
63. Phillips, P. C., and S. J. Arnold. 1999. Hierarchical comparison of genetic variance-covariance matrices. I. Using the Flury hierarchy. Evolution 53:1506-1515.
64. Podolsky, R. H., R. G. Shaw, and F. H. Shaw. 1997. Population structure of morphological traits in Clarkia dudleyana. II. Constancy of within-population genetic variance. Evolution 51:1785-1796.
65. Price, T., M. Turelli, and M. Slatkin. 1993. Peak shifts produced by correlated response to selection. Evolution 47:280-290.
66. Riska, B. 1985. Group size factors and geographic variation of morphometric correlation. Evolution 39:792-803.
67. _. 1989. Composite traits, selection response, and evolution. Evolution 43:1172-1191.
68. Riska, B., T. Prout, and M. Turelli. 1989. Laboratory estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations in nature. Genetics 123:865-871.
69. Roff, D. A. 1997. Evolutionary quantitative genetics. Chapman and Hall, New York.
70. Roff, D. A., and T. A. Mousseau. 1999. Does natural selection alter genetic architecture? An evaluation of quantitative genetic variation among populations of Allonemobius socius and A. fasciatus. J. Evol. Biol. 12:361-369.
71. Roff, D. A., and R. Preziosi. 1994. The estimation of the genetic correlation: the use of the jackknife. Heredity 73:544-548.
72. Roff, D. A., T. A. Mousseau, and D. J. Howard. 1999. Variation in genetic architecture of calling song among populations of Allonemobius socius, A. fasciatus, and a hybrid population: drift or selection? Evolution 53:216-234.
73. Schluter, D. 1989. Bridging population and phylogenetic approaches to the evolution of complex traits. Pp. 79-95 in D. B. Wake and G. Roth, eds. Complex organismal functions: integration and evolution in vertebrates. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
74. _. 1996. Adaptive radiation along genetic lines of least resistance. Evolution 50:1766-1774.
75. Service, P. M., and M. R. Rose. 1985. Genetic covariation among life-history components: the effect of novel environments. Evolution 39:943-945.
76. Shaw, F. H., R. G. Shaw, G. S. Wilkinson, and M. Turelli. 1995. Changes in genetic variances and covariances: G whiz! Evolution 49:1260-1267.
77. Shaw, R. G. 1987. Maximum-likelihood approaches applied to quantitative genetics of natural populations. Evolution 41:812-826.
78. Shillito, J. F. 1971. The genera of Diopsidae (Insecta: Diptera). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 50:287-295.
79. Simons, A. M., and D. Roff. 1996. The effect of a variable environment on the genetic correlation structure in a field cricket. Evolution 50:267-275.
80. Slatkin, M., and S. A. Frank. 1990. The quantitative genetic consequences of pleiotropy under stabilizing and directional selection. Genetics 125:207-213.
81. Steppan, S. J. 1997a. Phylogenetic analysis of phenotypic covariance structure. I. Contrasting results from matrix correlation and common principal component analyses. Evolution 51:571-586.
82. _. 1997b. Phylogenetic analysis of phenotypic covariance structure. II. Reconstructing matrix evolution. Evolution 51:587-594.
83. Steppan, S. J., P. C. Phillips, and D. Houle. 2002. Comparative quantitative genetics: evolution of the G matrix. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17:320-327.
84. Swallow, J. G., G. S. Wilkinson, and J. H. Marden. 2000 Aerial performance of stalk-eyed flies that differ in eye span. J. Comp Physiol. B. 170:481-487.
85. Swofford, D. L. 1998. PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods). Ver. 4.0. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
86. Turelli, M. 1986. Gaussian versus non-Gaussian genetic analyses of polygenic mutation-selection balance. Pp. 607-626 in S. Karlin and E. Nevo, eds. Evolutionary processes and theory. Academic Press, New York.
87. _. 1988a. Phenotypic evolution, constant covariances, and the maintenance of additive variance. Evolution 42:1342-1347.
88. _. 1988b. Population genetic models for polygenic variation and evolution. Pp. 601-618 in E. J. Eisen, M. M. Goodman, G. Namkoong, and B. S. Weir, eds. The second international conference on quantitative genetics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
89. Via, S., and A. J. Shaw. 1996. Short-term evolution in the size and shape of pea aphids. Evolution 50:163-173.
90. Wagner, G. P. 1989. Multivariate mutation-selection balance with constrained pleiotropic effects. Genetics 122:223-234.
91. _. 1990. A comparative study of morphological integration in Apis mellifera (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Z. Zool. Syst. Evolut.-forsch. 28:48-61.
92. Wagner, G. P., and L. Altenberg. 1996. Complex adaptations and the evolution of evolvability. Evolution 50:967-976.
93. Waldmann, P., and S. Andersson. 2000. Comparison of genetic (co)variance matrices within and between Scabiosa canescens and S. columbaria. J. Evol. Biol. 13:826-835.
94. Wilkinson, G. S. 1993. Artificial sexual selection alters allometry in stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni (Diptera: Diopsidae). Genet. Res. 62:213-222.
95. Wilkinson, G. S., and P. R. Reillo. 1994. Female preference response to artificial selection on an exaggerated male trait in a stalk-eyed fly. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 255:1-6.
96. Wilkinson, G. S., K. Fowler, and L. Partridge. 1990. Resistance of genetic correlation structure to directional selection in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 44:1990-2003.
97. Wilkinson, G. S., H. Kahler, and R. H. Baker. 1998a. Evolution of female mating preference in stalk-eyed flies. Behav. Ecol. 9:525-533.
98. Wilkinson, G. S., D. S. Presgraves, and L. Crymes. 1998b. Male eye span in stalk-eyed flies indicates genetic quality by meiotic drive suppression. Nature 391:276-279.
99. Wolf, J. B., W. A. Frankino, A. F. Agrawal, E. D. Brodie III,and A. J. Moore. 2001. Developmental interactions and the constituents of quantitative variation. Evolution 55:232-245.
100. Zeng, Z.-B. 1988. Long-term correlated response, interpopulation covariation, and interspecific allometry. Evolution 42:363-374.