Encapsulated inorganic nanostructures: A route to sizable modulated, noncovalent, on-tube potentials in carbon nanotubes

ACS Nano

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 2559-2569

  Ilie, Adelina ^a   Bendall, James S ^b   Nagaoka, Katsumi ^c   Egger, Stefan ^d   Nakayama, Tomonobu ^c   Crampin, Simon ^a  

^a University of Bath   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE   (Japan)

^d SWISS FEDERAL LABORATORIES FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

AgI@SWCNT; carbon nanotube hybrids; density functional calculations; electronic superstructure; electrostatic polarization interaction; scanning tunneling microscopy spectroscopy; symmetry breaking

Indexed keywords

AGI@SWCNT; CARBON NANOTUBE HYBRIDS; DENSITY FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC SUPERSTRUCTURE; ELECTROSTATIC/POLARIZATION INTERACTION; SYMMETRY BREAKING;

BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; CALCULATIONS; CARBON NANOTUBES; DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY; GRAPHENE; HIGH RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; NANOWIRES; SCANNING; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SILVER HALIDES; WAVE FUNCTIONS;

SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (SWCN);

EID: 79955391392     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn102189w     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Monthioux, M.; Flahaut, E.; Cleuziou, J.-P. Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes: Strategy, Progress, and Perspectives J. Mater. Res. 2006, 21, 2774-2793 (Pubitemid 44816707)
2. Wang, Z. Y.; Shi, Z. J.; Gu, Z. N. New Phenomena of Materials Confined in Nano Space Prog. Chem. 2009, 21, 2435-2444
3. Costa, P. M. F. J.; Golberg, D.; Mitome, M.; Hampel, S.; Leonhardt, A.; Buchner, B.; Bando, Y. Stepwise Current-Driven Release of Attogram Quantities of Copper Iodide Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotubes Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 3120-3125
4. Brahim, S.; Colbern, S.; Gump, R.; Grigorian, L. Tailoring Gas Sensing Properties of Carbon Nanotubes J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 104, 024502
5. Ilie, A.; Egger, S.; Friedrichs, S.; Kang, D.-J.; Green, M. L. H. Correlated Transport and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigations on Inorganic-Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Showing Negative Differential Resistance Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 253124
6. Warner, J. H.; Watt, A. A. R.; Ge, L.; Porfyrakis, K.; Akachi, T.; Okimoto, H.; Ito, Y.; Ardavan, A.; Montanari, B.; Jefferson, J. H. et al. Dynamics of Paramagnetic Metallofullerenes in Carbon Nanotube Peapods Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 1005-1010
7. Hong, S. Y.; Tobias, G.; Al-Jamal, K. T.; Ballesteros, B.; Ali-Boucetta, H.; Lozano-Perez, S.; Nellist, P. D.; Sim, R. B.; Finucane, C.; Mather, S. J. et al. Filled and Glycosylated Carbon Nanotubes for In Vivo Radioemitter Localization and Imaging Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 485-490
8. Lee, J.; Kim, H.; Kahng, S.-J.; Kim, G.; Son, Y.-W.; Ihm, J.; Kato, H.; Wang, Z. W.; Okazaki, T.; Shinohara, H. et al. Bandgap Modulation of Carbon Nanotubes by Encapsulated Metallofullerenes Nature 2002, 415, 1005-1008 (Pubitemid 34193443)
9. Koshino, M.; Tanaka, T.; Solin, N.; Suenaga, K.; Isobe, H.; Nakamura, E. Imaging of Single Organic Molecules in Motion Science 2007, 316, 853 (Pubitemid 46764270)
10. Guan, L.; Suenaga, K.; Shi, Z.; Gu, Z.; Iijima, S. Polymorphic Structures of Iodine and Their Phase Transition in Confined Nanospace Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 1532-1535 (Pubitemid 47140420)
11. Kitaura, R.; Nakanishi, R.; Saito, T.; Yoshikawa, H.; Awaga, K.; Shinohara, H. High-Yield Synthesis of Ultrathin Metal Nanowires in Carbon Nanotubes Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 8298-8302
12. Wilson, M. The Formation of Inorganic Nanotubular Structures in Carbon Nanotubes Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 299-302 (Pubitemid 38292905)
13. Philp, E.; Sloan, J.; Kirkland, A. I.; Meyer, R. R.; Friedrichs, S.; Hutchinson, J. L.; Green, M. L. H. An Encapsulated Helical One-Dimensional Cobalt Iodide Nanostructure Nat. Mater. 2003, 2, 788-791
14. Baldoni, M.; Leoni, S.; Sgamellotti, A.; Seifert, G.; Mercuri, F. Formation, Structure, and Polymorphism of Novel Lowest-Dimensional AgI Nanoaggregates by Encapsulation in Carbon Nanotubes Small 2007, 3, 1730-1734 (Pubitemid 47560689)
15. Britz, D. A.; Khlobystov, A. N. Noncovalent Interactions of Molecules with Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Chem. Soc. Rev. 2006, 35, 637-659 (Pubitemid 43946042)
16. Garcia-Suarez, V. M.; Ferrer, J.; Lambert, C. J. Strongly Correlated Electron Physics in Nanotube-Encapsulated Metallocene Chains Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74, 205421
17. Tournus, F.; Latil, S.; Heggie, M. I.; Charlier, J.-C. π-Stacking Interaction between Carbon Nanotubes and Organic Molecules Phys. Rev. B 2005, 72, 075431
18. Tison, Y.; Giusca, C. E.; Sloan, J.; Silva, S. R. P. Registry-Induced Electronic Superstructure in Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Associated with the Interaction between Two Graphene-like Monolayers ACS Nano 2008, 2, 2113-2120 and references therein.
19. Bendall, J. S.; Ilie, A.; Welland, M. E.; Sloan, J.; Green, M. L. H. Thermal Stability and Reactivity of Metal Halide Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 6569-6573 (Pubitemid 43672124)
20. West, A. R. Basic Solid State Chemistry, 2 nd ed.; John Wiley & Sons Ltd.: New York, 2004.
21. Makiura, R.; Yonemura, T.; Yamada, T.; Yamauchi, M.; Ikeda, R.; Kitagawa, H.; Kato, K.; Takata, M. Size-Controlled Stabilization of the Superionic Phase to Room Temperature in Polymer-Coated AgI Nanoparticles Nat. Mater. 2009, 9, 476-480
22. Ilie, A.; Bendall, J. S.; Kubo, O.; Sloan, J.; Green, M. L. H. Force and Energy Dissipation Variations in Noncontact Atomic Force Spectroscopy of Composite Carbon Nanotube Systems Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74, 235418
23. Czerw, R.; Liu, J.; Carroll, D. L. Electronic Effects in Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy of Metal-Filled Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes New J. Phys. 2004, 6, 31 and references therein.
24. Ashino, M.; Obergfell, D.; Haluska, M.; Yang, S.; Khlobystov, A. N.; Roth, S.; Wiesendanger, R. Atomically Resolved Mechanical Response of Individual Metallofullerene Molecules Confined inside Carbon Nanotubes Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 337-341 (Pubitemid 351809609)
25. Lauffer, P.; Jung, A.; Graupner, R.; Hirsch, A.; Ley, L. Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Aromatic Molecules Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Phys. Status Solidi B 2006, 243, 3213-3216 (Pubitemid 44787225)
26. Czerw, R.; Guo, Z.; Ajayan, P. M.; Sun, Y.-P.; Carroll, D. L. Organization of Polymers onto Carbon Nanotubes: A Route to Nanoscale Assembly Nano Lett. 2001, 1, 423-427 (Pubitemid 33673023)
27. Yarotski, D. A.; Kilina, S. V.; Talin, A. A.; Tretiak, S.; Prezhdo, O. V.; Balatsky, A. V.; Taylor, A. J. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of DNA-Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 12-17
28. Sloan, J.; Kirkland, A. I.; Hutchison, J. L.; Green, M. L. H. Integral Atomic Layer Architectures of 1D Crystals Inserted into Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Chem. Commun. 2002, 1319-1332 (Pubitemid 34651789)
29. Eliseev, A. A.; Yashina, L. V.; Brzhezinskaya, M. M.; Chernysheva, M. V.; Kharlamova, M. V.; Verbitsky, N. I.; Lukashin, A. V.; Kiselev, N. A.; Kumskov, A. S.; Zakalyuhin, R. M. et al. Structure and Electronic Properties of AgX (X = Cl, Br, I)-Intercalated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Carbon 2010, 48, 2708-2721
30. Kiselev, N. A.; Zakalyukin, R. M.; Zhigalina, O. M.; Grobert, N.; Kumskov, A. S.; Grigoriev, Y. V.; Chernysheva, M. V.; Eliseev, A. A.; Krestinin, A. V.; Tretyakov, Y. D. et al. The Structure of 1D CuI Crystals inside SWNTs J. Microsc. 2008, 232, 335-342
31. Chen, C. J. Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, 2 nd ed.; Oxford University Press Inc.: New York, 2008.
32. Ouyang, M.; Huang, J.-L.; Lieber, C. M. One-Dimensional Energy Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Resonant Electron Scattering Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 88, 066804
33. Clauss, W.; Bergeron, D. J.; Freitag, M.; Kane., C. L.; Mele, E. J.; Johnson, A. T. Electron Backscattering on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Observed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Europhys. Lett. 1999, 47, 601-607
34. Venema, L. C.; Wildoer, J. W. G.; Janssen, J. W.; Tans, S. J.; Hinne, L. J.; Tuinstra, T.; Kouwenhoven, L. P.; Dekker, C. Imaging Electron Wave Functions of Quantized Energy Levels in Carbon Nanotubes Science 1999, 283, 52-55 (Pubitemid 29044842)
35. Hassanien, A.; Tokumoto, M.; Shimizu, T.; Tokumoto, H. STM on Suspended Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes Thin Solid Films 2004, 464-465, 338-341
36. Kane, C. L.; Mele, E. J. Broken Symmetries in Scanning Tunneling Images of Carbon Nanotubes Phys. Rev. B 1999, 59, R12759-R12762
37. Buchs, G.; Ruffieux, P.; Groning, P.; Groning, O. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Investigations of Hydrogen Plasma-Induced Electron Scattering Centers on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90, 013104
38. Mizes, H. A.; Foster, J. S. Long-Range Electronic Perturbations Caused by Defects Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Science 1989, 244, 559-562
39. + Irradiation Phys. Rev. B 2005, 72, 045429
40. Kane, C. L.; Mele, E. J. Size, Shape, and Low Energy Electronic Structure of Carbon Nanotubes Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 78, 1932
41. Tekleab, D.; Carroll, D. L.; Samsonidze, G. G.; Yakobson, B. I. Strain-Induced Electronic Property Heterogeneity of a Carbon Nanotube Phys. Rev. B 2001, 64, 035419
42. Venema, L. C.; Meunier, V.; Lambin, P.; Dekker, C. Atomic Structure of Carbon Nanotubes from Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Phys. Rev. B 2000, 61, 2991-2996
43. Akai, Y.; Saito, S. Electronic Structure, Energetics and Geometric Structure of Carbon Nanotubes: A Density-Functional Study Physica E 2005, 29, 555-559 (Pubitemid 41475651)
44. Meunier, V.; Lambin, P. Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy of Carbon Nanotubes Philos. Trans. R. Soc., A 2004, 362, 2187-2203 (Pubitemid 39436508)
45. Lin, H.; Lagoute, J.; Chacon, C.; Girard, Y.; Ducastelle, F.; Amara, H.; Loiseau, A.; Hermet, P.; Henrard, L.; Rousset, S. Imaging the Symmetry Breaking of Molecular Orbitals in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Phys. Rev. B 2010, 81, 235412
46. McEuen, P. L.; Bockrath, M.; Cobden, D. H.; Yoon, Y.-G.; Louie, S. G. Disorder, Pseudospins, and Backscattering in Carbon Nanotubes Phys. Rev. Lett. 1999, 83, 5098-5101 (Pubitemid 129585364)
47. Langlet, R.; Devel, M.; Lambin, P. Computation of the Static Polarizabilities of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerites Using a Gaussian Regularized Point Dipole Interaction Model Carbon 2006, 44, 2883-2895 and references therein. (Pubitemid 44415730)
48. The potential modulation decreases with increasing radial distance away from the nanotube's surface (not shown) so that at a typical tip-surface distance of 0.2-0.3 nm its direct contribution to the topography during constant current imaging is negligible.
49. Quantum number q (from quantization along the circumference) indexes the SWCNT's bands, while k denotes the component of k λ - along the tube's axis, which is continuous.
50. Michalski, P. J.; Mele, E. J. Carbon Nanotubes in Helically Modulated Potentials Phys. Rev. B 2008, 77, 085429
51. CrystalMaker 2.0, CrystalMaker Software 2006.
52. Kilaas, R. 45th Ann. Proc. EMSA 1987, 66.
53. Horcas, I.; Fernandez, R.; Gomez-Rodriguez, J. M.; Colchero, J.; Gomez-Herrero, J.; Baro, A. M. WSXM: A Software for Scanning Probe Microscopy and a Tool for Nanotechnology Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2007, 78, 013705
54. Stroscio, J. A.; Feenstra, R. M.; Fein, A. P. Electronic-Structure of the Si(111)2 × 1 Surface by Scanning-Tunneling Microscopy Phys. Rev. Lett. 1986, 57, 2579-2582
55. Dovesi, R.; Saunders, V. R.; Roetti, C.; Orlando, R.; Zicovich-Wilson, C. M.; Pascale, F.; Civalleri, B.; Doll, K.; Harrison, N. M.; Bush, I. J.; et al. CRYSTAL06 User's Manual; University of Torino: Torino, Italy, 2006.
56. Catti, M. First-Principles Landau Potential for the Rocksalt to KOH to TlI-Type Phase Transitions of AgI Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74, 174105
57. Catti, M. Private communication.