메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 144-156

Management of tuberculosis in children and new treatment options

Author keywords

Management; Pediatric tuberculosis; Treatment

Indexed keywords

1 (6 BROMO 2 METHOXY 3 QUINOLINYL) 4 DIMETHYLAMINO 2 (1 NAPHTHYL) 1 PHENYL 2 BUTANOL; 2,3 DIHYDRO 2 METHYL 6 NITRO 2 [4 [4 (4 TRIFLUOROMETHOXYPHENOXY) 1 PIPERIDINYL]PHENOXYMETHYL]IMIDAZO[2,1 B]OXAZOLE; 6,7 DIHYDRO 2 NITRO 6 (4 TRIFLUOROMETHOXYBENZYLOXY) 5H IMIDAZO[2,1 B][1,3]OXAZINE; AMIKACIN; AMINOSALICYLIC ACID; CAPREOMYCIN; ETHAMBUTOL; ETHIONAMIDE; GATIFLOXACIN; ISONIAZID; KANAMYCIN; LEVOFLOXACIN; LINEZOLID; MOXIFLOXACIN; N (2 ADAMANTYL) N' GERANYLETHYLENEDIAMINE; OFLOXACIN; PNU 100480; PYRAZINAMIDE; RIFAMPICIN; RIFAPENTINE; STREPTOMYCIN; TERIZIDONE; TUBERCULOSTATIC AGENT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 79954537609     PISSN: 18715265     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/187152611795589645     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (114)
  • 1
    • 2442449410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis
    • Nelson, L.J.; Wells, C.D. Global epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 2004, 8, 636-647.
    • (2004) Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 636-647
    • Nelson, L.J.1    Wells, C.D.2
  • 2
    • 67349147683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global tuberculosis control 2010
    • World Health Organization, [Online], (Accessed January 17, 2011)
    • World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis control 2010. WHO Report [Online]2010. http,//www.who.int/tb/publications/globalreport/2010/gtbr10_main.pdf (Accessed January 17, 2011)
    • (2010) WHO Report
  • 4
    • 33645241852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of childhood tuberculosis and the accuracy of routine surveillance data in a high-burden setting
    • Marais B.J.; Hesseling, A.C.; Gie, R.P.; Schaaf, H.S.; Beyers, N. The burden of childhood tuberculosis and the accuracy of routine surveillance data in a high-burden setting. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 2006, 10, 259-263.
    • (2006) Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. , vol.10 , pp. 259-263
    • Marais, B.J.1    Hesseling, A.C.2    Gie, R.P.3    Schaaf, H.S.4    Beyers, N.5
  • 6
    • 2442507903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood tuberculosis, the hidden epidemic
    • Donald, P.R. Childhood tuberculosis, the hidden epidemic. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 2004, 8, 627-629.
    • (2004) Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 627-629
    • Donald, P.R.1
  • 7
    • 0036105475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital tuberculosis, a rare manifestation of a common disease
    • Smith, R.C. Congenital tuberculosis, a rare manifestation of a common disease. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis., 2002, 15, 269-274.
    • (2002) Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. , vol.15 , pp. 269-274
    • Smith, R.C.1
  • 9
    • 0037190595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung diseases at necropsy in African children dying from respiratory illnesses, a descriptive necropsy study
    • UNZA-UCLMS Project Paediatric Post-mortem Study Group
    • Chintu, C.; Mudenda, V.; Lucas, S.; Nunn, A.; Lishimpi, K.; Maswahu, D.; Kasolo, F.; Mwaba, P.; Bhat, G.; Terunuma, H.; Zumla, A.; UNZA-UCLMS Project Paediatric Post-mortem Study Group. Lung diseases at necropsy in African children dying from respiratory illnesses, a descriptive necropsy study. Lancet, 2002, 360, 985-990.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 985-990
    • Chintu, C.1    Mudenda, V.2    Lucas, S.3    Nunn, A.4    Lishimpi, K.5    Maswahu, D.6    Kasolo, F.7    Mwaba, P.8    Bhat, G.9    Terunuma, H.10    Zumla, A.11
  • 10
    • 34247354455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of age, polymicrobial disease, and maternal HIV status on treatment response and cause of severe pneumonia in South African children, a prospective descriptive study
    • McNally, L.M.; Jeena, P.M.; Gajee, K.; Thula, S.A.; Sturm, A.W.; Cassol, S.; Tomkins, A.M.; Coovadia, H.M.; Goldblatt, D. Effect of age, polymicrobial disease, and maternal HIV status on treatment response and cause of severe pneumonia in South African children, a prospective descriptive study. Lancet, 2007, 369, 1440-1451.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 1440-1451
    • McNally, L.M.1    Jeena, P.M.2    Gajee, K.3    Thula, S.A.4    Sturm, A.W.5    Cassol, S.6    Tomkins, A.M.7    Coovadia, H.M.8    Goldblatt, D.9
  • 11
    • 34250167238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New approaches and emerging technologies in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis
    • Marais, B.J.; Pai, M. New approaches and emerging technologies in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Paediatr. Respir. Rev., 2007, 8, 124-133.
    • (2007) Paediatr. Respir. Rev. , vol.8 , pp. 124-133
    • Marais, B.J.1    Pai, M.2
  • 12
    • 34547638841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management challenges of childhood TB in the era of HIV
    • Marais, B.J.; Cotton, M.; Graham, S.; Beyers, N. Diagnosis and management challenges of childhood TB in the era of HIV. J. Infect. Dis., 2007, 196(Suppl 1), S76-S85.
    • (2007) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.196 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Marais, B.J.1    Cotton, M.2    Graham, S.3    Beyers, N.4
  • 13
    • 69849089024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric tuberculosis, Issues related to current and future treatment options
    • Marais, B.J.; Schaaf, H.S.; Donald, P.R. Pediatric tuberculosis, Issues related to current and future treatment options. Future Microbiol., 2009, 4, 661-675.
    • (2009) Future Microbiol. , vol.4 , pp. 661-675
    • Marais, B.J.1    Schaaf, H.S.2    Donald, P.R.3
  • 15
    • 42149192438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptom-based screening of child tuberculosis contacts, improved feasibility in resource-limited settings
    • Kruk, A.; Gie, R.P.; Schaaf, H.S.; Beyers, N.; Marais, B.J. Symptom-based screening of child tuberculosis contacts, improved feasibility in resource-limited settings. Pediatrics, 2008, 121, e1646-1652.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.121
    • Kruk, A.1    Gie, R.P.2    Schaaf, H.S.3    Beyers, N.4    Marais, B.J.5
  • 16
    • 79954482471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidance for National Tuberculosis Programmes on the Management of Tuberculosis in Children
    • World Health Organization, [Online], (Accessed January 17, 2011)
    • World Health Organization. Guidance for National Tuberculosis Programmes on the Management of Tuberculosis in Children. WHO Report [Online].2010. http,//whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241500449_eng.pdf (Accessed January 17, 2011)
    • (2010) WHO Report
  • 19
    • 0001694669 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic effects of isoniazid on primary tuberculosis in children
    • The United States Public Health Service Tuberculosis Prophylaxis Trial collaborators
    • The United States Public Health Service Tuberculosis Prophylaxis Trial collaborators. Prophylactic effects of isoniazid on primary tuberculosis in children. Am. Rev. Tuberc., 1957, 76, 942-963.
    • (1957) Am. Rev. Tuberc. , vol.76 , pp. 942-963
  • 20
  • 21
    • 33645056674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of HIV infection on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in a peri-urban community in South Africa, the need for age-specific interventions
    • Lawn, S.D.; Bekker, L.G.; Middelkoop, K.; Myer, L.; Wood, R. Impact of HIV infection on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in a peri-urban community in South Africa, the need for age-specific interventions. Clin. Infect. Dis.; 2006, 42, 1040-1047.
    • (2006) Clin. Infect. Dis.;. , vol.42 , pp. 1040-1047
    • Lawn, S.D.1    Bekker, L.G.2    Middelkoop, K.3    Myer, L.4    Wood, R.5
  • 23
    • 33846583950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on mortality and incidence of tuberculosis in children with HIV, randomized controlled trial
    • Zar, H.J.; Cotton, M.F.; Strauss, S.; Karpakis, J.; Hussey, G.; Schaaf, H.S.; Rabie, H.; Lombard, C.J. Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on mortality and incidence of tuberculosis in children with HIV, randomized controlled trial BMJ, 2007, 334, e136.
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.334
    • Zar, H.J.1    Cotton, M.F.2    Strauss, S.3    Karpakis, J.4    Hussey, G.5    Schaaf, H.S.6    Rabie, H.7    Lombard, C.J.8
  • 24
    • 85086423488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary Isoniazid prophylaxis did not protect against tuberculosis or latent TB in HIV-exposed uninfected infants in South Africa
    • and IMPAACT 1041 research team, In, Montreal, Feb 8-11, 2009 [0nline], Abstract #909, (Accessed January 17, 2011)
    • th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Montreal, Feb 8-11, 2009 [0nline], Abstract #909. http,//www.retroconference.org/AbstractSearch/Default.aspx?Conf=18 (Accessed January 17, 2011)
    • th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Mitchell, C.1    McSherry, G.2    Violari, A.3
  • 26
    • 34250822376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of antiretroviral therapy and isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis incidence in HIV-infected patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    • Golub, J.E. Saraceni, V.; Cavalcante, S.C.; Pacheco, A.G.; Moulton, L.H.; King, B.S.; Efron, A.; Moore, R.D.; Chaisson, R.E.; Durovni, B. The impact of antiretroviral therapy and isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis incidence in HIV-infected patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AIDS, 2007, 21, 1441-1448.
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 1441-1448
    • Golub, J.E.1    Saraceni, V.2    Cavalcante, S.C.3    Pacheco, A.G.4    Moulton, L.H.5    King, B.S.6    Efron, A.7    Moore, R.D.8    Chaisson, R.E.9    Durovni, B.10
  • 28
    • 33748471118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to isoniazid preventive chemotherapy in children, a prospective community based study
    • Marais, B.J.; van Zyl, S.; Schaaf, H.S.; van Aardt, M.; Gie, R.P. Beyers, N. Adherence to isoniazid preventive chemotherapy in children, a prospective community based study. Arch. Dis. Child, 2006, 91, 762-765.
    • (2006) Arch. Dis. Child , vol.91 , pp. 762-765
    • Marais, B.J.1    van Zyl, S.2    Schaaf, H.S.3    van Aardt, M.4    Gie, R.P.5    Beyers, N.6
  • 30
    • 0031894271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rifampicin and isoniazid prophylactic chemotherapy for tuberculosis
    • Ormerod, L.P. Rifampicin and isoniazid prophylactic chemotherapy for tuberculosis. Arch. Dis. Child, 1998, 78(2), 169-171.
    • (1998) Arch. Dis. Child , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-171
    • Ormerod, L.P.1
  • 31
    • 15044361765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course therapy with rifampin plus isoniazid, compared with standard therapy with isoniazid, for latent tuberculosis infection, a meta-analysis
    • Ena, J.; Valls, V. Short-course therapy with rifampin plus isoniazid, compared with standard therapy with isoniazid, for latent tuberculosis infection, a meta-analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2005, 40, 670-676.
    • (2005) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.40 , pp. 670-676
    • Ena, J.1    Valls, V.2
  • 32
    • 34548507470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of a 9-month regimen of isoniazid alone versus 3-and 4-month regimens of isoniazid plus rifampin for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in children, results of an 11-year randomized study
    • Spyridis, N.P.; Spyridis, P.G.; Gelesme, A.; Sypsa, V.; Valianatou, M.; Metsou, F.; Gourgiotis, D.; Tsolia, M.N. The effectiveness of a 9-month regimen of isoniazid alone versus 3-and 4-month regimens of isoniazid plus rifampin for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in children, results of an 11-year randomized study. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2007, 45, 715-722.
    • (2007) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.45 , pp. 715-722
    • Spyridis, N.P.1    Spyridis, P.G.2    Gelesme, A.3    Sypsa, V.4    Valianatou, M.5    Metsou, F.6    Gourgiotis, D.7    Tsolia, M.N.8
  • 33
    • 10644277898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of intermittent rifampin and pyrazinamide therapy for tuberculosis infection in a targeted tuberculin-testing program
    • Priest, D.H.; Vossel, L.F.; Sherfy, E.A.; Hoy, D.P.; Haley, C.A. Use of intermittent rifampin and pyrazinamide therapy for tuberculosis infection in a targeted tuberculin-testing program. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2004, 15, 1764-1771.
    • (2004) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.15 , pp. 1764-1771
    • Priest, D.H.1    Vossel, L.F.2    Sherfy, E.A.3    Hoy, D.P.4    Haley, C.A.5
  • 34
    • 0028035469 scopus 로고
    • Compliance and tolerance of new antitubercular short-term chemopropreventive regimens in childhood-a pilot project
    • Magdorf, K.; Arizzi Rusche, AF, Geiter, R.J.; O'Brien, R.J.; Wahn, U. Compliance and tolerance of new antitubercular short-term chemopropreventive regimens in childhood-a pilot project. Pneumologie, 1994, 48(10), 761-764.
    • (1994) Pneumologie , vol.48 , Issue.10 , pp. 761-764
    • Magdorf, K.1    Arizzi Rusche, A.F.2    Geiter, R.J.3    O'Brien, R.J.4    Wahn, U.5
  • 35
    • 50649089808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs, a literature review
    • Donald, P.R.; Diacon, A.H. The early bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs, a literature review. Tuberculosis, 2008, 88(Suppl 1), S75-S83.
    • (2008) Tuberculosis , vol.88 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Donald, P.R.1    Diacon, A.H.2
  • 36
    • 0033812380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of individual drugs in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis
    • Mitchison, D.A. Role of individual drugs in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 2000, 4, 796-806.
    • (2000) Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. , vol.4 , pp. 796-806
    • Mitchison, D.A.1
  • 37
    • 34250194065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Old and new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis in children
    • Donald, P.R.; Schaaf, H.S. Old and new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis in children. Paediatr. Respir. Rev., 2007, 8, 134-141.
    • (2007) Paediatr. Respir. Rev. , vol.8 , pp. 134-141
    • Donald, P.R.1    Schaaf, H.S.2
  • 38
    • 0031886212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How drug resistance emerges as a result of poor compliance during short course chemotherapy for tuberculosis
    • Mitchison, D.A. How drug resistance emerges as a result of poor compliance during short course chemotherapy for tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 1998, 2, 10-15.
    • (1998) Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. , vol.2 , pp. 10-15
    • Mitchison, D.A.1
  • 39
    • 84948425170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis
    • Volmink, J.; Garner, P. Directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2007, (4), CD003343.
    • (2007) Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. , Issue.4
    • Volmink, J.1    Garner, P.2
  • 40
    • 0024602216 scopus 로고
    • Smear and culture negative pulmonary tuberculosis, four month short course therapy
    • Dutt, A.K.; Moers, D.; Stead, W.W. Smear and culture negative pulmonary tuberculosis, four month short course therapy. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1989, 139, 867-870.
    • (1989) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.139 , pp. 867-870
    • Dutt, A.K.1    Moers, D.2    Stead, W.W.3
  • 43
    • 0036170237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of childhood tuberculosis with a six month directly observed regimen of only two weeks of daily therapy
    • Al-Dossary, F.S.; Ong, L.T.; Correa, A.G.; Starke, J.R. Treatment of childhood tuberculosis with a six month directly observed regimen of only two weeks of daily therapy. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 2002, 21, 91-97.
    • (2002) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. , vol.21 , pp. 91-97
    • Al-Dossary, F.S.1    Ong, L.T.2    Correa, A.G.3    Starke, J.R.4
  • 44
    • 0033614603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired rifamycin monoresistance in patients with HIV-related tuberculosis treated with once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid
    • Vernon, A.; Burman, W.; Benator, D.; Khan, A.; Bozeman, L. Acquired rifamycin monoresistance in patients with HIV-related tuberculosis treated with once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid. Lancet, 1999, 353, 1843-1847.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 1843-1847
    • Vernon, A.1    Burman, W.2    Benator, D.3    Khan, A.4    Bozeman, L.5
  • 46
    • 62349131411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplying quality-assured child-friendly anti-tuberculosis drugs to children
    • Gie, R.P.; Matiru, R.H. Supplying quality-assured child-friendly anti-tuberculosis drugs to children. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 2009, 13, 277-278.
    • (2009) Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 277-278
    • Gie, R.P.1    Matiru, R.H.2
  • 47
    • 0027258934 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations and the treatment of tuberculous meningitis
    • Ellard, G.A.; Humphries, M.J.; Allen, B.W. Cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations and the treatment of tuberculous meningitis. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1993, 148, 650-655.
    • (1993) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.148 , pp. 650-655
    • Ellard, G.A.1    Humphries, M.J.2    Allen, B.W.3
  • 48
    • 0024437775 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ethionamide in children with tuberculous meningitis
    • Donald, P.R.; Seifert, H.I. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ethionamide in children with tuberculous meningitis. J. Pediatr., 1989, 115, 483-486.
    • (1989) J. Pediatr. , vol.115 , pp. 483-486
    • Donald, P.R.1    Seifert, H.I.2
  • 52
    • 66949132162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoniazid Plasma Concentrations in a Cohort of South African Children with Tuberculosis, Implications for International Pediatric Dosing Guidelines
    • McIlleron, H.; Willemse, M.; Werely, C.J.; Hussey, G.D.; Schaaf, H.S.; Smith, P.J.; Donald, P.R. Isoniazid Plasma Concentrations in a Cohort of South African Children with Tuberculosis, Implications for International Pediatric Dosing Guidelines. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2009, 48, 1547-1553.
    • (2009) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.48 , pp. 1547-1553
    • McIlleron, H.1    Willemse, M.2    Werely, C.J.3    Hussey, G.D.4    Schaaf, H.S.5    Smith, P.J.6    Donald, P.R.7
  • 53
    • 65649121205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rifampin pharmacokinetics in children, with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection, hospitalized for the management of severe forms of tuberculosis
    • Schaaf, H.S.; Willemse, M.; Cilliers, K.; Labadarios, D.; Maritz, J.S.; Hussey, G.D.; McIlleron, H.; Smith, P.; Donald, P.R. Rifampin pharmacokinetics in children, with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection, hospitalized for the management of severe forms of tuberculosis. BMC Med,; 2009, 7(1), 19.
    • (2009) BMC Med,; , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 19
    • Schaaf, H.S.1    Willemse, M.2    Cilliers, K.3    Labadarios, D.4    Maritz, J.S.5    Hussey, G.D.6    McIlleron, H.7    Smith, P.8    Donald, P.R.9
  • 54
    • 31944434382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low levels of pyrazinamide and ethambutol in children with tuberculosis and impact of age, nutritional status and human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Graham, S.M.; Bell, D.J.; Nyirongo, S.; Hartkorn, R.; Ward, S.A.; Molyneux, E.M. Low levels of pyrazinamide and ethambutol in children with tuberculosis and impact of age, nutritional status and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2006, 50, 407-413.
    • (2006) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.50 , pp. 407-413
    • Graham, S.M.1    Bell, D.J.2    Nyirongo, S.3    Hartkorn, R.4    Ward, S.A.5    Molyneux, E.M.6
  • 56
    • 34548715273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethambutol in paediatric tuberculosis, aspects of ethambutol serum concentration, efficacy and toxicity in children
    • Thee, S.; Detjen, A.; Quarcoo, D.; Wahn, U.; Magdorf K. Ethambutol in paediatric tuberculosis, aspects of ethambutol serum concentration, efficacy and toxicity in children. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 2007, 11, 965-71.
    • (2007) Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. , vol.11 , pp. 965-971
    • Thee, S.1    Detjen, A.2    Quarcoo, D.3    Wahn, U.4    Magdorf, K.5
  • 57
    • 33845583379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethambutol dosage for the treatment of children, literature review and recommendations
    • Donald, P.R.; Maher, D.; Maritz, J.S.; Qazi, S. Ethambutol dosage for the treatment of children, literature review and recommendations. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 2006, 10, 1318-1330.
    • (2006) Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. , vol.10 , pp. 1318-1330
    • Donald, P.R.1    Maher, D.2    Maritz, J.S.3    Qazi, S.4
  • 58
    • 79954475477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Online], (Accessed on January 17, 2011)
    • WHO Reports 2009 [Online]. http,//www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/17/WEB_TRS_DEC_2009.pdf (Accessed on January 17, 2011)
    • WHO Reports 2009
  • 59
    • 55849150198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concerns on the Dosing of Antitubercular Drugs for Children in RNTCP
    • Rakesh, L.; Ramesh Menon, P.; Kabra, S.K. Concerns on the Dosing of Antitubercular Drugs for Children in RNTCP. Indian Pediatr., 2008, 45, 852-854.
    • (2008) Indian Pediatr. , vol.45 , pp. 852-854
    • Rakesh, L.1    Ramesh Menon, P.2    Kabra, S.K.3
  • 60
    • 0030059189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis drugs
    • Ormerod, L.P.; Skinner, C.; Wales, J. Hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis drugs. Thorax, 1996, 51, 111-113.
    • (1996) Thorax , vol.51 , pp. 111-113
    • Ormerod, L.P.1    Skinner, C.2    Wales, J.3
  • 63
    • 78650245719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TB and HIV in children-advances in prevention and management
    • Marais, B.J.; Rabie, H., Cotton, M.F. TB and HIV in children-advances in prevention and management. Paediatr. Respir. Rev., 2011, (1), 39-45.
    • (2011) Paediatr. Respir. Rev. , Issue.1 , pp. 39-45
    • Marais, B.J.1    Rabie, H.2    Cotton, M.F.3
  • 64
    • 84856477196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anonymous, [Online], (Accessed on January 18, 2010)
    • Anonymous. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Online] http,//www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/ (Accessed on January 18, 2010).
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • 65
    • 79954476596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, [Online], Available, (Accessed on January 18, 2011)
    • World Health Organization. Rapid advice, WHO Report [Online] 2009. Available, http,//www.who.int/hiv/pub/arv/advice/en/index.html (Accessed on January 18, 2011)
    • (2009) Rapid advice, WHO Report
  • 66
    • 0142125266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low efficacy and high frequency of adverse events in a randomized trial of the triple nucleoside regimen abacavir, stavudine and didanosine
    • Gerstoft, J.; Kirk, O.; Obel, N.; Pedersen, C.; Mathiesen, L.; Nielsen, H.; Katzenstein, T.L.; Lundgren, J.D. Low efficacy and high frequency of adverse events in a randomized trial of the triple nucleoside regimen abacavir, stavudine and didanosine. AIDS, 2003, 17, 2045-2052.
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 2045-2052
    • Gerstoft, J.1    Kirk, O.2    Obel, N.3    Pedersen, C.4    Mathiesen, L.5    Nielsen, H.6    Katzenstein, T.L.7    Lundgren, J.D.8
  • 69
    • 8844219810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-trimoxazole as prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in HIV-infected Zambian children (CHAP), a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Chintu, C.; Bhat, G.J.; Walker, A.S. Co-trimoxazole as prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in HIV-infected Zambian children (CHAP), a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 2004, 364, 1865-71.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 1865-1871
    • Chintu, C.1    Bhat, G.J.2    Walker, A.S.3
  • 70
    • 79954498804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines on co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-related infections among children, adolescents and adults in resource-limited settings
    • Geneva, [Online], (Accessed on January 17, 2011)
    • Guidelines on co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-related infections among children, adolescents and adults in resource-limited settings. World Health Organization Report, Geneva, [Online] 2006. http,//www.who.int/3by5/mediacentre/news32/en/index.html (Accessed on January 17, 2011)
    • (2006) World Health Organization Report
  • 73
    • 33644843752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune Reconstitution Syndrome After Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Thai Children
    • Puthanakit, T.; Oberdorfer, P.M.; Akarathum, N.; Wannarit, P.; Sirisanthana, T.; Sirisanthana, V. Immune Reconstitution Syndrome After Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Thai Children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 2006, 25, 53-8.
    • (2006) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. , vol.25 , pp. 53-58
    • Puthanakit, T.1    Oberdorfer, P.M.2    Akarathum, N.3    Wannarit, P.4    Sirisanthana, T.5    Sirisanthana, V.6
  • 74
    • 66649124513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global burden of tuberculosis--combating drug resistance in difficult times
    • Donald, P.R.; van Helden, P.D. The global burden of tuberculosis--combating drug resistance in difficult times. N. Engl. J. Med., 2009, 360, 2393-2395.
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.360 , pp. 2393-2395
    • Donald, P.R.1    van Helden, P.D.2
  • 76
    • 68849123498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance of Antituberculosis Drug Resistance Among Children From the Western Cape Province of South Africa--An Upward Trend
    • Schaaf, H.S.; Marais B.J.; Hesseling, A.C.; Brittle, W.; Donald, P.R.; Surveillance of Antituberculosis Drug Resistance Among Children From the Western Cape Province of South Africa--An Upward Trend. Am. J. Public Health, 2009, 99, 1486-1490.
    • (2009) Am. J. Public Health , vol.99 , pp. 1486-1490
    • Schaaf, H.S.1    Marais, B.J.2    Hesseling, A.C.3    Brittle, W.4    Donald, P.R.5
  • 78
    • 18444393440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoniazid-and rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in San Diego County, California, United States, 1993-2002
    • LoBue, P.A.; Moser, K.S. Isoniazid-and rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in San Diego County, California, United States, 1993-2002. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 2005, 9, 501-506.
    • (2005) Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. , vol.9 , pp. 501-506
    • LoBue, P.A.1    Moser, K.S.2
  • 80
    • 0019434898 scopus 로고
    • Should Isoniazid be used in retreatment of tuberculosis despite acquired Isoniazid resistance?
    • Moulding, T.S. Should Isoniazid be used in retreatment of tuberculosis despite acquired Isoniazid resistance? Am. Rev. Respir Dis., 1981, 123, 262-264.
    • (1981) Am. Rev. Respir Dis. , vol.123 , pp. 262-264
    • Moulding, T.S.1
  • 82
    • 38949175355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised controlled trial of high-dose isoniazid adjuvant therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
    • Katiyar, S.K.; Bihari, S.; Prakash, S.; Mamtani, M.; Kulkarni, H. A randomised controlled trial of high-dose isoniazid adjuvant therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 2008, 12, 139-145.
    • (2008) Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. , vol.12 , pp. 139-145
    • Katiyar, S.K.1    Bihari, S.2    Prakash, S.3    Mamtani, M.4    Kulkarni, H.5
  • 83
    • 72049104198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4 months of rifampin compared with 9 months of isoniazid for the management of latent tuberculosis infection, a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness study that focuses on compliance and liver toxicity
    • Ziakas, P.D.; Mylonakis, E. 4 months of rifampin compared with 9 months of isoniazid for the management of latent tuberculosis infection, a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness study that focuses on compliance and liver toxicity. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2009, 15, 1883-1889.
    • (2009) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.15 , pp. 1883-1889
    • Ziakas, P.D.1    Mylonakis, E.2
  • 85
    • 79954525866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Emergency update 2008
    • World Health Organization, [Online] 2008, (Accessed January 17, 2011)
    • World Health Organization. Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Emergency update 2008. WHO Reports, [Online] 2008 http,//www.who.int/tb/publications/2008/who_htm_tb_2008_402_exec_summ.pdf (Accessed January 17, 2011).
    • WHO Reports
  • 86
    • 0036256098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of young children in contact with adult multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, a 30-month follow-up
    • Schaaf, H.S.; Gie, R.P.; Kennedy, M.; Beyers, N.; Hesseling, P.B.; Donald, P.R. Evaluation of young children in contact with adult multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, a 30-month follow-up. Pediatrics, 2002, 109, 765-771.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , pp. 765-771
    • Schaaf, H.S.1    Gie, R.P.2    Kennedy, M.3    Beyers, N.4    Hesseling, P.B.5    Donald, P.R.6
  • 87
    • 35648975321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-resistant tuberculosis in children
    • Schaaf, H.S. Drug-resistant tuberculosis in children. S. Afr. Med. J., 2007, 97(Part 2), 995-997.
    • (2007) S. Afr. Med. J. , vol.97 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 995-997
    • Schaaf, H.S.1
  • 89
    • 33750629139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensively drugresistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area in South Africa
    • Ghandi, N.R.; Moll, A.; Sturm, A.W.; Pawinski, R.; Govender, T.; Lalloo, U.; Zeller, K.; Andrews, J.; Friedland, G. Extensively drugresistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area in South Africa. Lancet, 2006, 368, 1575-1580.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 1575-1580
    • Ghandi, N.R.1    Moll, A.2    Sturm, A.W.3    Pawinski, R.4    Govender, T.5    Lalloo, U.6    Zeller, K.7    Andrews, J.8    Friedland, G.9
  • 90
    • 68649085714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term linezolid treatment in a young child with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
    • Schaaf, H.S.; Willemse, M.; Donald, P.R. Long-term linezolid treatment in a young child with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 2009, 28, 748-750.
    • (2009) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. , vol.28 , pp. 748-750
    • Schaaf, H.S.1    Willemse, M.2    Donald, P.R.3
  • 91
    • 71849104520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward an optimized therapy for tuberculosis? Drugs in clinical trials and in preclinical development
    • Ma, Z.; Lienhardt, C. Toward an optimized therapy for tuberculosis? Drugs in clinical trials and in preclinical development. Clin. Chest Med., 2009, 30, 755-768.
    • (2009) Clin. Chest Med. , vol.30 , pp. 755-768
    • Ma, Z.1    Lienhardt, C.2
  • 97
    • 42049101775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Powerful bactericidal and sterilizing activity of a regimen containing PA-824, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide in a murine model of tuberculosis
    • Nuermberger, E.; Tyagi, S.; Tasneen, R.; Williams, K.N.; Almeida, D.; Rosenthal, I.; Grosset, J.H. Powerful bactericidal and sterilizing activity of a regimen containing PA-824, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide in a murine model of tuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2008, 52, 1522-1524.
    • (2008) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.52 , pp. 1522-1524
    • Nuermberger, E.1    Tyagi, S.2    Tasneen, R.3    Williams, K.N.4    Almeida, D.5    Rosenthal, I.6    Grosset, J.H.7
  • 103
  • 106
    • 38349010517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the sterilising activities of the nitroimidazopyran PA-824 and moxifloxacin against persisting Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Hu, Y.; Coates, A.R.; Mitchison, D.A. Comparison of the sterilising activities of the nitroimidazopyran PA-824 and moxifloxacin against persisting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 2008, 12, 69-73.
    • (2008) Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. , vol.12 , pp. 69-73
    • Hu, Y.1    Coates, A.R.2    Mitchison, D.A.3
  • 107
    • 35448951418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bactericidal activity of OPC-67683 against drug-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Saliu, O.Y.; Crismale, C.; Schander, S.K.; Wallis, R.S. Bactericidal activity of OPC-67683 against drug-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob. Chemother., 2007, 60, 994-998.
    • (2007) J Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.60 , pp. 994-998
    • Saliu, O.Y.1    Crismale, C.2    Schander, S.K.3    Wallis, R.S.4
  • 109
    • 0037125569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tuberculosis trials consortium. Rifapentine and isoniazid once a week versus rifampicin and isoniazid twice a week for treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative patients, a randomized controlled trial
    • The tuberculosis trials consortium. Rifapentine and isoniazid once a week versus rifampicin and isoniazid twice a week for treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative patients, a randomized controlled trial. Lancet, 2002, 360, 528-534.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 528-534
  • 111
    • 34247127876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug therapy for experimental tuberculosis (TB), improved outcome by combining SQ109, a new diamine antibiotic, with existing TB drugs
    • Nikoneneko, B.V.; Protopopova, M.; Samala, R.; Einck, L.; Nacy, C.A. Drug therapy for experimental tuberculosis (TB), improved outcome by combining SQ109, a new diamine antibiotic, with existing TB drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother., 2007, 51, 1563-1565.
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.51 , pp. 1563-1565
    • Nikoneneko, B.V.1    Protopopova, M.2    Samala, R.3    Einck, L.4    Nacy, C.A.5
  • 113
    • 51149095205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensuring the involvement of children in the evaluation of new tuberculosis treatment regimens
    • Burman W.J.; Cotton, M.F.; Gibb, D.M.; Walker, A.S.; Vernon, A.A.; Donald, P.R. Ensuring the involvement of children in the evaluation of new tuberculosis treatment regimens. PLoS Med., 2008, 5, e176.
    • (2008) PLoS Med. , vol.5
    • Burman, W.J.1    Cotton, M.F.2    Gibb, D.M.3    Walker, A.S.4    Vernon, A.A.5    Donald, P.R.6
  • 114
    • 0027194181 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions due to thiacetazone in the treatment of tuberculosis in Zambian children infected with HIV-I
    • Chintu, C.; Luo, C.; Bhat, G.; Raviglione, M.; DuPont, H.; Zumla, A. Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions due to thiacetazone in the treatment of tuberculosis in Zambian children infected with HIV-I. Arch. Dis. Child, 1993, 68, 665-668
    • (1993) Arch. Dis. Child , vol.68 , pp. 665-668
    • Chintu, C.1    Luo, C.2    Bhat, G.3    Raviglione, M.4    DuPont, H.5    Zumla, A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.