The effects of hypermuscularity on shoulder morphology in myostatin-deficient mice

Journal of Anatomy

Volumn 218, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 544-557

  Green, David J ^a   Hamrick, Mark W ^b   Richmond, Brian G ^a,c  

^a THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^c DEPARTMENT OF PALEOBIOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Muscle mass; Muscle bone interactions; Myostatin; Shoulders

Indexed keywords

MYOSTATIN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARM MUSCLE; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; BONE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FORELIMB; GENOTYPE; HUMERUS; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; LOADING TEST; LOCOMOTION; MORPHOLOGY; MOUSE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; MUSCLE MASS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEFICIENCY; SCAPULA; SHOULDER; SKELETAL MUSCLE;

ANIMALS; MICE; MICE, MUTANT STRAINS; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; MYOSTATIN; SCAPULA; SHOULDER JOINT;

MAMMALIA; MUS;

EID: 79953291095     PISSN: 00218782     EISSN: 14697580     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01351.x     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Alemseged Z, Spoor F, Kimbel WH, et al. (2006) A juvenile early hominin skeleton from Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature 443, 296-301.
2. Ashton EH, Oxnard CE (1964) Functional adaptations in the primate shoulder girdle. Proc Zool Soc Lond 142, 49-66.
3. Byron CD, Borke J, Yu J, et al. (2004) Effects of increased muscle mass on mouse sagittal suture morphology and mechanics. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 279, 676-684.
4. Byron CD, Hamrick MW, Wingard CJ (2006) Alterations of temporalis muscle contractile force and histological content from the myostatin and Mdx deficient mouse. Arch Oral Biol 51, 396-405.
5. Di-Poï N, Koch U, Radtke F, et al. (2010) Additive and global functions of HoxA cluster genes in mesoderm derivatives. Dev Biol 341, 488-498.
6. Elkasrawy MN, Hamrick MW (2010) Myostatin (GDF-8) as a key factor linking muscle mass and bone structure. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 10, 56-63.
7. Girgenrath S, Song K, Whittemore LA (2005) Loss of myostatin expression alters fiber-type distribution and expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in slow- and fast-type skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 31, 34-40.
8. Green DJ (2010) Shoulder Functional Anatomy and Development - Implications for Interpreting Early Hominin Locomotion. Ph.D. Washington, D.C.: The George Washington University.
9. Green DJ, Gordon AD, Richmond BG (2007) Limb-size proportions in Australopithecus afarensis and Australo-pithecus africanus. J Hum Evol 52, 187-200.
10. Green DJ, Richmond BG, Miran SL (2010) Mouse shoulder morphological development responds to locomotor differences in climbing and running. Am J phys Anthropol 141(S50), 116.
11. Gross TS, Poliachik SL, Prasad J, et al. (2010) The effect of muscle dysfunction on bone mass and morphology. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 10, 25-34.
12. Hamrick MW (1999) A chondral modeling theory revisited. J theor Biol 201, 201-208.
13. Hamrick MW (2003) Increased bone mineral density in the femora of GDF8 knockout mice. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 272, 388-391.
14. Hamrick MW, McPherron AC, Lovejoy CO, et al. (2000) Femoral morphology and cross-sectional geometry of adult myostatin-deficient mice. Bone 27, 343-349.
15. Hamrick MW, Pennington C, Webb CN, et al. (2006a) Resistance to body fat gain in 'double-muscled' mice fed a high-fat diet. Int J Obes (Lond) 30, 868-870.
16. Hamrick MW, Samaddar T, Pennington C, et al. (2006b) Increased muscle mass with myostatin deficiency improves gains in bone strength with exercise. J Bone Miner Res 21, 477-483.
17. Hamrick MW, Skedros JG, Pennington C, et al. (2006c) Increased osteogenic response to exercise in metaphyseal versus diaphyseal cortical bone. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 6, 258-263.
18. Hamrick MW, Shi X, Zhang W, et al. (2007) Loss of myostatin (GDF8) function increases osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell but the osteogenic effect is ablated with unloading. Bone 40, 1544-1553.
19. Heinonen A, Sievanen H, Kannus P, et al. (2000) High-impact exercise and bones of growing girls: a 9-month controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 11, 1010-1017.
20. Hunt KD (1991) Mechanical implications of chimpanzee positional behavior. Am J Phys Anthropol 86, 521-536.
21. Inman V, Saunders J, Abbott L (1944) Observations on the function of the shoulder joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am 26, 1-30.
22. Inouye SE, Shea BT (1997) What's your angle? Size correction and bar-glenoid orientation in 'Lucy' (A.L. 288-1). Int J Primatol 18, 629-650.
23. Jungers WL (1985) Body size and scaling of limb proportions in primates. In: Size and Scaling in Primate Biology. (ed. Jungers WL), pp. 345-381. New York: Plenum.
24. Jungers WL (1988) Relative joint size and hominoid locomotor adaptations with implications for the evolution of hominid bipedalism. J Hum Evol 17, 247-265.
25. Kellum E, Starr H, Arounleut P, et al. (2009) Myostatin (GDF-8) deficiency increases fracture callus size, Sox-5 expression, and callus bone volume. Bone 44, 17-23.
26. Kimes KR, Siegel MI, Sadler DL (1981) Alteration of scapular morphology through experimental behavioral modification in the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus). Acta Anat (Basel) 109, 161-165.
27. Kuijper S, Beverdam A, Kroon C, et al. (2005) Genetics of shoulder girdle formation: roles of Tbx15 and aristaless-like genes. Development 132, 1601-1610.
28. Lanyon LE (1980) The influence of function on the development of bone curvature: an experimental study on the rat tibia. J Zool 192, 457-466.
29. Lanyon LE, Rubin CT (1984) Static vs. dynamic loads as an influence on bone remodelling. J Biomech 17, 897-905.
30. Larson SG (1995) New characters for the functional interpretation of primate scapulae and proximal humeri. Am J Phys Anthropol 98, 13-35.
31. Larson SG, Stern JT Jr (1986) EMG of scapulohumeral muscles in the chimpanzee during reaching and 'arboreal' locomotion. Am J Anat 176, 171-190.
32. Latimer B (1991) Locomotor adaptations in Australopithecus afarensis: the issue of arboreality. In: Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. (eds Coppens Y, Senut B), pp. 169-176. Paris: CNRS.
33. Lieberman DE, Polk JD, Demes B (2004) Predicting long bone loading from cross-sectional geometry. Am J Phys Anthropol 123, 156-171.
34. Lovejoy CO (1988) Evolution of human walking. Sci Am 259, 118-125.
35. McHenry HM (1992) Body size and proportions in early hominids. Am J Phys Anthropol 87, 407-431.
36. McHenry HM, Berger LR (1998) Body proportions in Australopithecus afarensis and A. africanus and the origin of the genus Homo. J Hum Evol 35, 1-22.
37. McPherron AC, Lee SJ (1997) Double muscling in cattle due to mutations in the myostatin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, 12457-12461.
38. McPherron AC, Lawler AM, Lee SJ (1997) Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-beta superfamily member. Nature 387, 83-90.
39. Montgomery E, Pennington C, Isales CM, et al. (2005) Muscle-bone interactions in dystrophin-deficient and myostatin-deficient mice. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 286, 814-822.
40. Mori T, Okimoto N, Sakai A, et al. (2003) Climbing exercise increases bone mass and trabecular bone turnover through transient regulation of marrow osteogenic and osteoclastogenic potentials in mice. J Bone Miner Res 18, 2002-2009.
41. Notomi T, Okimoto N, Okazaki Y, et al. (2001) Effects of tower climbing exercise on bone mass, strength, and turnover in growing rats. J Bone Miner Res 16, 166-174.
42. Oxnard C (1963) Locomotor adaptations in the primate forelimb. Symp Zool Soc Lond 10, 165-182.
43. Oxnard CE (1967) The functional morphology of the primate shoulder as revealed by comparative anatomical, osteometric and discriminant function techniques. Am J Phys Anthropol 26, 219-240.
44. Rasband WS 19972007. ImageJ. Bethesda, MD: U.S. National Institutes of Health
45. Ravosa MJ, Klopp EB, Pinchoff J, et al. (2007) Plasticity of mandibular biomineralization in myostatin-deficient mice. J Morphol 268, 275-282.
46. Ravosa MJ, López EK, Menegaz RA, et al. (2008) Using 'Mighty Mouse' to understand masticatory plasticity: myostatin-deficient mice and musculoskeletal function. Integr Comp Biol 48, 345-359.
47. Richmond BG, Aiello LC, Wood BA (2002) Early hominin limb proportions. J Hum Evol 43, 529-548.
48. Roberts D (1974) Structure and function of the primate scapula. In: Primate Locomotion. (ed. Jenkins FA), pp. 171-200. New York: Academic Press.
49. Robling AG (2009) Is bone's response to mechanical signals dominated by muscle forces? Med Sci Sports Exerc 41, 2044-2049.
50. Robling AG, Castillo AB, Turner CH (2006) Biomechanical and molecular regulation of bone remodeling. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 8, 455-498.
51. Rodriguez JI, Palacios J, Garcia-Alix A, et al. (1988) Effects of immobilization on fetal bone development. A morphometric study in newborns with congenital neuromuscular diseases with intrauterine onset. Calcif Tissue Int 43, 335-339.
52. Ruff C, Holt B, Trinkaus E (2006) Who's afraid of the big bad Wolff?: 'Wolff's law' and bone functional adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol 129, 484-498.
53. Schmidt M, Schilling N (2007) Fiber type distribution in the shoulder muscles of the tree shrew, the cotton-top tamarin, and the squirrel monkey related to shoulder movements and forelimb loading. J Hum Evol 52, 401-419.
54. Schmitt D, Zumwalt AC, Hamrick MW (2010) The relationship between bone mechanical properties and ground reaction forces in normal and hypermuscular mice. J Exp Zool 313A, 1-13.
55. Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1995) Biometry. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co.
56. Stern JT (2000) Climbing to the top: a personal memoir of Australopithecus afarensis. Evol Anthropol 9, 113-133.
57. Stern JT, Susman RL (1983) The locomotor anatomy of Austalopithecus afarensis. Am J Phys Anthropol 60, 279-317.
58. Susman RL, Stern JT (1991) Locomotor behavior of early hominids: epistemology and fossil evidence. In: Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. (eds Coppens Y, Senut B), pp. 121-131. Paris: CNRS.
59. Susman RL, Stern JT, Jungers WL (1984) Arboreality and bipedality in the Hadar hominids. Folia Primatol 43, 113-156.
60. Swartz SM (1990) Curvature of the forelimb bones of anthropoid primates: overall allometric patterns and specializations in suspensory species. Am J Phys Anthropol 83, 477-498.
61. Turner CH (2007) Skeletal adaptation to mechanical loading. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 5, 181-194.
62. Vecchione L, Byron C, Cooper GM, et al. (2007) Craniofacial morphology in myostatin-deficient mice. J Dent Res 86, 1068-1072.
63. Vecchione L, Miller J, Byron C, et al. (2010) Age-related changes in craniofacial morphology in GDF-8 (myostatin)-deficient mice. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 293, 32-41.
64. Young NM (2002) Homology and Homoplasy in the Evolution of the Hominoid Postcrania. Ph.D. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
65. Young NM (2006) Function, ontogeny and canalization of shape variance in the primate scapula. J Anat 209, 623-636.
66. Young NM (2008) A comparison of the ontogeny of shape variation in the anthropoid scapula: functional and phylogenetic signal. Am J Phys Anthropol 136, 247-264.
67. Zumwalt A (2006) The effect of endurance exercise on the morphology of muscle attachment sites. J Exp Biol 209, 444-454.