메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 113-133

Climbing to the top: A personal memoir of Australopithecus afarensis

Author keywords

Australopithecus afarensis; Bipedality; Fossil hominids; Human evolution; Locomotion

Indexed keywords

AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS; HOMINIDAE;

EID: 0034360585     PISSN: 10601538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:3<113::aid-evan2>3.0.co;2-w     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (204)

References (136)
  • 1
    • 0000061652 scopus 로고
    • Découverte d'hominidés dans les séries Plio-pléistocènes d'hadar
    • Bassin de l'Awash; Afar, Éthiopie
    • Taieb M, Johanson DC, Coppens Y, Bonnefille R, Kalb J. 1974. Découverte d'hominidés dans les séries Plio-Pléistocènes d'Hadar (Bassin de l'Awash; Afar, Éthiopie). CR Acad Sci Paris, Sér D, 279:735-738.
    • (1974) CR Acad Sci Paris, Sér D , vol.279 , pp. 735-738
    • Taieb, M.1    Johanson, D.C.2    Coppens, Y.3    Bonnefille, R.4    Kalb, J.5
  • 3
    • 85088716694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Découverte d'hominidés dans les séries Plio-pléistocènes a hadar
    • e campagne 1974); Découverte d'hominidés dans les séries Plio-Pléistocènes a Hadar. CR Acad Sci Paris, Sér D, 281:1297-1300.
    • CR Acad Sci Paris, Sér D , vol.281 , pp. 1297-1300
  • 5
    • 0002248311 scopus 로고
    • Form and function of the Afar ankle
    • Christie PW. 1977. Form and function of the Afar ankle. Am J Phys Anthropol 47:123.
    • (1977) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.47 , pp. 123
    • Christie, P.W.1
  • 6
    • 0000240699 scopus 로고
    • A reconstruction of the pelvis of AL 288
    • Hadar Formation, Ethiopia
    • Lovejoy CO. 1979. A reconstruction of the pelvis of AL 288 (Hadar Formation, Ethiopia). Am J Phys Anthropol 50:460.
    • (1979) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.50 , pp. 460
    • Lovejoy, C.O.1
  • 7
    • 0000189997 scopus 로고
    • Pliocene footprints in the Laetoli Beds at Laetoli, northern Tanzania
    • Leakey MD, Hay RL. 1979. Pliocene footprints in the Laetoli Beds at Laetoli, northern Tanzania. Nature 278:317-323.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.278 , pp. 317-323
    • Leakey, M.D.1    Hay, R.L.2
  • 8
    • 0001363078 scopus 로고
    • Hominid origins: The role of bipedalism
    • Lovejoy CO. 1980. Hominid origins: the role of bipedalism. Am J Phys Anthropol 52:250.
    • (1980) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.52 , pp. 250
    • Lovejoy, C.O.1
  • 9
    • 0018829261 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary implications of Pliocene hominid footprints
    • White TD. 1980. Evolutionary implications of Pliocene hominid footprints. Science 208:175-176.
    • (1980) Science , vol.208 , pp. 175-176
    • White, T.D.1
  • 10
    • 0001332315 scopus 로고
    • Laetoli Pliocene hominid footprints and bipedalism
    • Day MH, Wickens EH. 1980. Laetoli Pliocene hominid footprints and bipedalism. Nature 286: 385-387.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.286 , pp. 385-387
    • Day, M.H.1    Wickens, E.H.2
  • 11
    • 0002416032 scopus 로고
    • Etude comparative des piliers de la palette humerale
    • Senut B. 1978. Etude comparative des piliers de la palette humerale. Cahiers d'Anthropol (Paris) n° 3:1-8.
    • (1978) Cahiers d'Anthropol (Paris) n° , vol.3 , pp. 1-8
    • Senut, B.1
  • 12
    • 0019313320 scopus 로고
    • New data on the humerus and its joints in Plio-pleistocene hominids
    • Senut B. 1980. New data on the humerus and its joints in Plio-pleistocene hominids. Coll Anthropol 4:87-94.
    • (1980) Coll Anthropol , vol.4 , pp. 87-94
    • Senut, B.1
  • 14
    • 0002094613 scopus 로고
    • Aspects bioméchaniques de l'articulation du genou chez les primates
    • Tardieu C. 1979. Aspects bioméchaniques de l'articulation du genou chez les Primates. Bull Soc Anat Paris n° 4:66-86.
    • (1979) Bull Soc Anat Paris n° , vol.4 , pp. 66-86
    • Tardieu, C.1
  • 15
    • 0002435764 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of hominid bipedalism and prehensile capabilities
    • Tuttle RH. 1981. Evolution of hominid bipedalism and prehensile capabilities. Proc Trans R Soc Lond B 292:89-94.
    • (1981) Proc Trans R Soc Lond B , vol.292 , pp. 89-94
    • Tuttle, R.H.1
  • 17
    • 0019973460 scopus 로고
    • Lucy's limbs: Skeletal allometry and locomotion in Australopithecus afarensis
    • Jungers WL. 1982. Lucy's limbs: skeletal allometry and locomotion in Australopithecus afarensis. Nature 297:676-678.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.297 , pp. 676-678
    • Jungers, W.L.1
  • 18
    • 0020384911 scopus 로고
    • Morphometric analysis of the distal humerus of some Cenozoic catarrhines: The Late Divergence hypothesis revisited
    • Feldesman MR. 1982. Morphometric analysis of the distal humerus of some Cenozoic catarrhines: the Late Divergence hypothesis revisited. Am J Phys Anthropol 59:73-95.
    • (1982) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.59 , pp. 73-95
    • Feldesman, M.R.1
  • 19
    • 0020966356 scopus 로고
    • The locomotor anatomy of Australopithecus afarensis
    • Stern JT Jr, Susman RL. 1983. The locomotor anatomy of Australopithecus afarensis. Am J Phys Anthropol 60:279-317.
    • (1983) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.60 , pp. 279-317
    • Stern J.T., Jr.1    Susman, R.L.2
  • 20
    • 0002248313 scopus 로고
    • Long bone torsions of the lower limb and its bearing upon the locomotor behavior of australopithecines
    • Sarmiento EE. 1987. Long bone torsions of the lower limb and its bearing upon the locomotor behavior of australopithecines. Am J Phys Anthropol 72:250.
    • (1987) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.72 , pp. 250
    • Sarmiento, E.E.1
  • 21
    • 0002263625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ouadrupedalism in the hominid lineage: 11 years after
    • Sarmiento EE. 1996. Ouadrupedalism in the hominid lineage: 11 years after. Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl 22:208.
    • (1996) Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl , vol.22 , pp. 208
    • Sarmiento, E.E.1
  • 22
    • 0000688189 scopus 로고
    • Body proportions, skeletal allometry and locomotion in the Hadar hominids: A reply to Wolpoff
    • Jungers WL, Stern JT Jr. 1983. Body proportions, skeletal allometry and locomotion in the Hadar hominids: a reply to Wolpoff. J Hum Evol 12:673-684.
    • (1983) J Hum Evol , vol.12 , pp. 673-684
    • Jungers, W.L.1    Stern J.T., Jr.2
  • 25
    • 0027371402 scopus 로고
    • Electromyographic study of the obturator muscles in nonhuman primates: Implications for interpreting the obturator externus groove of the femur
    • Stern JT Jr, Larson SG. 1993. Electromyographic study of the obturator muscles in nonhuman primates: implications for interpreting the obturator externus groove of the femur. J Hum Evol 24:403-427.
    • (1993) J Hum Evol , vol.24 , pp. 403-427
    • Stern J.T., Jr.1    Larson, S.G.2
  • 26
    • 0000939362 scopus 로고
    • A pygmy perspective on body size and shape in Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1, "Lucy")
    • Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Paris: CNRS
    • Jungers WL. 1991. A pygmy perspective on body size and shape in Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1, "Lucy"). In: Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. Paris: CNRS, p 215-224.
    • (1991) Origine(s) de la Bipédie chez les Hominidés , pp. 215-224
    • Jungers, W.L.1
  • 27
    • 0019819961 scopus 로고
    • Electromyography of the gluteal muscles in Hylobates, Pongo, and Pan: Implications for the evolution of hominid bipedality
    • Stern JT Jr, Susman RL. 1981. Electromyography of the gluteal muscles in Hylobates, Pongo, and Pan: implications for the evolution of hominid bipedality. Am J Phys Anthropol 55: 153-166.
    • (1981) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.55 , pp. 153-166
    • Stern J.T., Jr.1    Susman, R.L.2
  • 28
    • 0002076191 scopus 로고
    • Relative foot length in Australopithecus afarensis and its implications for bipedality
    • Susman RL, Demes AB. 1994. Relative foot length in Australopithecus afarensis and its implications for bipedality. Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl 18: 192.
    • (1994) Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl , vol.18 , pp. 192
    • Susman, R.L.1    Demes, A.B.2
  • 29
    • 0000507508 scopus 로고
    • Joint functions and grips of the Australopithecus afarensis hand, with special reference to the region of the capitate
    • Marzke MW. 1983. Joint functions and grips of the Australopithecus afarensis hand, with special reference to the region of the capitate. J Hum Evol 12:197-211.
    • (1983) J Hum Evol , vol.12 , pp. 197-211
    • Marzke, M.W.1
  • 30
    • 0021077463 scopus 로고
    • The capitate of Australopithecus afarensis and A. africanus
    • McHenry HM. 1983. The capitate of Australopithecus afarensis and A. africanus. Am J Phys Anthropol 62:187-198.
    • (1983) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.62 , pp. 187-198
    • McHenry, H.M.1
  • 31
    • 0002749573 scopus 로고
    • Food acquisition and the evolution of positional behaviour: The case of bipedalism
    • Chivers DJ, Wood BA, Bilsborough A, editors. New York: Plenum Press
    • Rose MD. 1984. Food acquisition and the evolution of positional behaviour: the case of bipedalism. In: Chivers DJ, Wood BA, Bilsborough A, editors. Food acquisition and processing in primates. New York: Plenum Press, p 509-524.
    • (1984) Food Acquisition and Processing in Primates , pp. 509-524
    • Rose, M.D.1
  • 32
    • 0004770279 scopus 로고
    • Eine rekonstruktion des skelettes von A.L. 288-1 (Hadar) und deren konsequenzen
    • Schmid P. 1983. Eine Rekonstruktion des Skelettes von A.L. 288-1 (Hadar) und deren Konsequenzen. Folia Primatol 40:283-306.
    • (1983) Folia Primatol , vol.40 , pp. 283-306
    • Schmid, P.1
  • 33
    • 0001192684 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of calcanei of primates and Pan-Australopithecus-Homo relationship
    • Tobias PV, editor. New York: Alan R. Liss
    • Deloison Y. 1985. Comparative study of calcanei of primates and Pan-Australopithecus-Homo relationship. In: Tobias PV, editor. Hominid evolution: past, present and future. New York: Alan R. Liss. p 143-147.
    • (1985) Hominid Evolution: Past, Present and Future , pp. 143-147
    • Deloison, Y.1
  • 34
    • 0021096938 scopus 로고
    • Lucy's lower limbs: Long enough for Lucy to be fully bipedal?
    • Wolpoff MH. 1983. Lucy's lower limbs: long enough for Lucy to be fully bipedal? Nature 304: 59-61.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.304 , pp. 59-61
    • Wolpoff, M.H.1
  • 35
    • 0001035652 scopus 로고
    • Lucy's little legs
    • Wolpoff MH. 1983. Lucy's little legs. J Hum Evol 12:443-453.
    • (1983) J Hum Evol , vol.12 , pp. 443-453
    • Wolpoff, M.H.1
  • 36
    • 0000563505 scopus 로고
    • Les characteristiques du bassin des australopitheques (A. robustus, A. africanus et A. afarensis), sont-elles liees a une bipedie de type humain?
    • Berge C, Ponge J-F. 1983. Les characteristiques du bassin des australopitheques (A. robustus, A. africanus et A. afarensis), sont-elles liees a une bipedie de type humain? Bull Mem Soc Anthropol Paris, ser XIII, 10:335-354.
    • (1983) Bull Mem Soc Anthropol Paris, Ser XIII , vol.10 , pp. 335-354
    • Berge, C.1    Ponge, J.-F.2
  • 37
    • 0021685248 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate analysis of the pelvis for hominids and other extant primates: Implications for the locomotion and systematics of the different species of australopithecines
    • Berge C. 1984. Multivariate analysis of the pelvis for hominids and other extant primates: implications for the locomotion and systematics of the different species of australopithecines. J Hum Evol 13:555-562.
    • (1984) J Hum Evol , vol.13 , pp. 555-562
    • Berge, C.1
  • 38
    • 0022851626 scopus 로고
    • Effects of size and locomotor adaptations on the hominid pelvis: Evaluation of australopithecine bipedality with a new multivariate method
    • Berge C, Kazmierczak J-B. 1986. Effects of size and locomotor adaptations on the hominid pelvis: evaluation of australopithecine bipedality with a new multivariate method. Folia Primatol 46:185-204.
    • (1986) Folia Primatol , vol.46 , pp. 185-204
    • Berge, C.1    Kazmierczak, J.-B.2
  • 40
    • 0002619591 scopus 로고
    • The knee joint in three primates: Application to Plio-pleistocene hominids and evolutionary implications
    • Taub DM, King FA, editors. New York: Van Nostrand
    • Tardieu C. 1986. The knee joint in three primates: application to Plio-pleistocene hominids and evolutionary implications. In: Taub DM, King FA, editors. Current perspectives in primate biology. New York: Van Nostrand. p 182-192.
    • (1986) Current Perspectives in Primate Biology , pp. 182-192
    • Tardieu, C.1
  • 41
    • 0001063107 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the knee intra-articular menisci in primates and some fossil hominids
    • Else JG, Lee PC, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Tardieu C. 1986. Evolution of the knee intra-articular menisci in primates and some fossil hominids. In: Else JG, Lee PC, editors. Primate evolution, vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p 183-190.
    • (1986) Primate Evolution , vol.1 , pp. 183-190
    • Tardieu, C.1
  • 42
    • 0001191691 scopus 로고
    • The anterior foot skeleton of Australopithecus afarensis
    • Latimer B. 1983. The anterior foot skeleton of Australopithecus afarensis. Am J Phys Anthropol 60:217.
    • (1983) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.60 , pp. 217
    • Latimer, B.1
  • 43
    • 0000022224 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the transverse tarsal joint of A. afarensis, and some comments on the interpretation of behaviour from morphology
    • Gomberg DN, Latimer B. 1984. Observations on the transverse tarsal joint of A. afarensis, and some comments on the interpretation of behaviour from morphology. Am J Phys Anthropol 63: 164.
    • (1984) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.63 , pp. 164
    • Gomberg, D.N.1    Latimer, B.2
  • 44
    • 0022575724 scopus 로고
    • The first rib of hominoids
    • Ohman JC. 1986. The first rib of hominoids. Am J Phys Anthropol 70:209-229.
    • (1986) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.70 , pp. 209-229
    • Ohman, J.C.1
  • 45
    • 0023595309 scopus 로고
    • Talocrural joint in African hominoids: Implications for Australopithecus afarensis
    • Latimer B, Ohman JC, Lovejoy CO. 1987. Talocrural joint in African hominoids: implications for Australopithecus afarensis. Am J Phys Anthropol 74:155-175.
    • (1987) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.74 , pp. 155-175
    • Latimer, B.1    Ohman, J.C.2    Lovejoy, C.O.3
  • 46
    • 0023182930 scopus 로고
    • Hominid footprints at Laetoli: Facts and interpretations
    • White TD, Suwa G. 1987. Hominid footprints at Laetoli: facts and interpretations. Am J Phys Anthropol 72:485-514.
    • (1987) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.72 , pp. 485-514
    • White, T.D.1    Suwa, G.2
  • 47
    • 0024120377 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of human walking
    • Lovejoy CO. 1988. Evolution of human walking. Sci Am 259:118-125.
    • (1988) Sci Am , vol.259 , pp. 118-125
    • Lovejoy, C.O.1
  • 48
    • 0024595950 scopus 로고
    • The calcaneus of Australopithecus afarensis and its implications for the evolution of bipedality
    • Latimer B, Lovejoy CO. 1989. The calcaneus of Australopithecus afarensis and its implications for the evolution of bipedality. Am J Phys Anthropol 78:369-386.
    • (1989) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.78 , pp. 369-386
    • Latimer, B.1    Lovejoy, C.O.2
  • 49
    • 0025333431 scopus 로고
    • Hallucal tarsometatarsal joint in Australopithecus afarensis
    • Latimer B, Lovejoy CO. 1990. Hallucal tarsometatarsal joint in Australopithecus afarensis. Am J Phys Anthropol 82:125-133.
    • (1990) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.82 , pp. 125-133
    • Latimer, B.1    Lovejoy, C.O.2
  • 50
    • 0025070997 scopus 로고
    • Metatarsophalangeal joints of Australopithecus afarensis
    • Latimer B, Lovejoy CO. 1990. Metatarsophalangeal joints of Australopithecus afarensis. Am J Phys Anthropol 83:13-23.
    • (1990) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.83 , pp. 13-23
    • Latimer, B.1    Lovejoy, C.O.2
  • 51
    • 0002162918 scopus 로고
    • Locomotor adaptations in Australopithecus afarensis: The issue of arboreality
    • Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Paris: CNRS
    • Latimer B. 1991. Locomotor adaptations in Australopithecus afarensis: the issue of arboreality. In: Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. Paris: CNRS, p 169-176.
    • (1991) Origine(s) de la Bipédie chez les Hominidés , pp. 169-176
    • Latimer, B.1
  • 52
    • 0028182149 scopus 로고
    • Fossil evidence for the origin of aquatic locomotion in archaeocete whales
    • Thewissen JGM, Hussain ST, Arif M. 1994. Fossil evidence for the origin of aquatic locomotion in archaeocete whales. Science 263:210-212.
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 210-212
    • Thewissen, J.G.M.1    Hussain, S.T.2    Arif, M.3
  • 53
    • 0002248342 scopus 로고
    • The process of bipedalization in hominids
    • Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Paris: CNRS
    • Rose MD. 1991. The process of bipedalization in hominids. In: Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. Paris: CNRS, p 37-48.
    • (1991) Origine(s) de la Bipédie chez les Hominidés , pp. 37-48
    • Rose, M.D.1
  • 54
    • 0028029055 scopus 로고
    • Metatarsophalangeal joint function and positional behavior in Australopithecus afarensis
    • Duncan AS, Kappelman J, Shapiro LJ. 1994. Metatarsophalangeal joint function and positional behavior in Australopithecus afarensis. Am J Phys Anthropol 93:67-81.
    • (1994) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.93 , pp. 67-81
    • Duncan, A.S.1    Kappelman, J.2    Shapiro, L.J.3
  • 55
    • 0001061946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradigms and definitions in early hominid locomotion research
    • Coffing KE. 1999. Paradigms and definitions in early hominid locomotion research. Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl 28: 109-110.
    • (1999) Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl , vol.28 , pp. 109-110
    • Coffing, K.E.1
  • 56
    • 0002074146 scopus 로고
    • A review of the functional significance of the AL-288 axilloglenoid angle
    • Mensforth RP, Latimer B, Senturia S. 1990. A review of the functional significance of the AL-288 axilloglenoid angle. Am J Phys Anthropol 81:267-268.
    • (1990) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.81 , pp. 267-268
    • Mensforth, R.P.1    Latimer, B.2    Senturia, S.3
  • 57
    • 0030779083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's your angle? size correction and bar-glenoid orientation in "Lucy" (A.L. 288-1)
    • Inouye SE, Shea BT. 1997. What's your angle? size correction and bar-glenoid orientation in "Lucy" (A.L. 288-1). Int J Primatol 18:629-650.
    • (1997) Int J Primatol , vol.18 , pp. 629-650
    • Inouye, S.E.1    Shea, B.T.2
  • 58
    • 0022384520 scopus 로고
    • Proximal femur articulation in Pliocene hominids
    • Asfaw B. 1985. Proximal femur articulation in Pliocene hominids. Am J Phys Anthropol 68: 535-538.
    • (1985) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.68 , pp. 535-538
    • Asfaw, B.1
  • 59
    • 0030435628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another look at the australopithecine hip
    • MacLatchy LM. 1996. Another look at the australopithecine hip. J Hum Evol 31:455-476.
    • (1996) J Hum Evol , vol.31 , pp. 455-476
    • MacLatchy, L.M.1
  • 60
    • 0002106619 scopus 로고
    • Ape footprints and Laetoli impressions: A response to the SUNY claims
    • Tobias PV, editor. New York: Alan R. Liss
    • Tuttle RH. 1985. Ape footprints and Laetoli impressions: a response to the SUNY claims. In: Tobias PV, editor. Hominid evolution: past, present and future. New York: Alan R. Liss. p 129-133.
    • (1985) Hominid Evolution: Past, Present and Future , pp. 129-133
    • Tuttle, R.H.1
  • 61
    • 0003084576 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzee and human feet in bipedal walking
    • Elftman H, Manter J. 1935. Chimpanzee and human feet in bipedal walking. Am J Phys Anthropol 20:269-279.
    • (1935) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.20 , pp. 269-279
    • Elftman, H.1    Manter, J.2
  • 62
    • 0026457726 scopus 로고
    • Empreintes de pas à Laetoli (Tanzanie). Leur apport à une meillure connaissance de la locomotion des hominidés fossiles
    • Deloison Y. 1992. Empreintes de pas à Laetoli (Tanzanie). Leur apport à une meillure connaissance de la locomotion des Hominidés fossiles. CR Acad Sci Paris, Sér II, 315:103-109.
    • (1992) CR Acad Sci Paris, Sér II , vol.315 , pp. 103-109
    • Deloison, Y.1
  • 63
    • 0015432458 scopus 로고
    • Metacarpophalangeal length in the evaluation of skeletal malformation
    • Garn SM, Hertzog KP, Poznanski AK, Nagy JM. 1972. Metacarpophalangeal length in the evaluation of skeletal malformation. Radiology 105:375-381.
    • (1972) Radiology , vol.105 , pp. 375-381
    • Garn, S.M.1    Hertzog, K.P.2    Poznanski, A.K.3    Nagy, J.M.4
  • 64
    • 0000536702 scopus 로고
    • Les australopitheques marchaient-ils comme nous?
    • Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Paris: CNRS
    • Deloison Y. 1991. Les australopitheques marchaient-ils comme nous? In: Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. Paris: CNRS, p 177-186.
    • (1991) Origine(s) de la Bipédie chez les Hominidés , pp. 177-186
    • Deloison, Y.1
  • 65
    • 0033213194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the locomotor energetics of extinct hominids
    • Kramer PA. 1999. Modelling the locomotor energetics of extinct hominids. J Exp Biol 202: 2807-2818.
    • (1999) J Exp Biol , vol.202 , pp. 2807-2818
    • Kramer, P.A.1
  • 66
    • 0032124596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanical effectiveness of erect and "bent-hip, bent knee" bipedal walking in Australopithecus afarensis
    • Crompton RH, Li Y, Wang W, Günther M, Savage R. 1998. The mechanical effectiveness of erect and "bent-hip, bent knee" bipedal walking in Australopithecus afarensis. J Hum Evol 35:55-74.
    • (1998) J Hum Evol , vol.35 , pp. 55-74
    • Crompton, R.H.1    Li, Y.2    Wang, W.3    Günther, M.4    Savage, R.5
  • 67
    • 0025076457 scopus 로고
    • The capitular joint of the first rib in primates: A re-evaluation of the proposed link to locomotion
    • Stern JT Jr, Jungers WL. 1990. The capitular joint of the first rib in primates: a re-evaluation of the proposed link to locomotion. Am J Phys Anthropol 82:431-439.
    • (1990) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.82 , pp. 431-439
    • Stern J.T., Jr.1    Jungers, W.L.2
  • 68
    • 0001900354 scopus 로고
    • The trunk of the australopithecines
    • Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Paris: CNRS
    • Schmid P. 1991. The trunk of the australopithecines. In: Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. Paris: CNRS, p 225-234.
    • (1991) Origine(s) de la Bipédie chez les Hominidés , pp. 225-234
    • Schmid, P.1
  • 70
    • 0003107270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the hominid hip
    • Strasser E, Fleagle J, Rosenberger A, McHenry H, editors. New York: Plenum Press
    • Ruff C. 1998. Evolution of the hominid hip. In: Strasser E, Fleagle J, Rosenberger A, McHenry H, editors. Primate locomotion, recent advances. New York: Plenum Press, p 449-469.
    • (1998) Primate Locomotion, Recent Advances , pp. 449-469
    • Ruff, C.1
  • 71
    • 0000533098 scopus 로고
    • Locomotor behavior of early hominids: Epistemology and fossil evidence
    • Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Paris: CNRS
    • Susman RL, Stern JT Jr. 1991. Locomotor behavior of early hominids: epistemology and fossil evidence. In: Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. Paris: CNRS, p 121-131.
    • (1991) Origine(s) de la Bipédie chez les Hominidés , pp. 121-131
    • Susman, R.L.1    Stern J.T., Jr.2
  • 72
    • 0019941191 scopus 로고
    • Hominid tarsal, metatarsal, and phalangeal bones recovered from the Hadar Formation: 1974-1977 collections
    • Latimer BM, Lovejoy CO, Johanson DC, Coppens Y. 1982. Hominid tarsal, metatarsal, and phalangeal bones recovered from the Hadar Formation: 1974-1977 collections. Am J Phys Anthropol 57:701-719.
    • (1982) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.57 , pp. 701-719
    • Latimer, B.M.1    Lovejoy, C.O.2    Johanson, D.C.3    Coppens, Y.4
  • 73
    • 0026481973 scopus 로고
    • Articulation cunéométatarsienne de l'hallux considérée comme un des éléments déterminants de la forme de locomotion à partir de son anatomie osseuse. Comparison entre l'australopitheque, l'homme et le chimpanzé
    • Deloison Y. 1992. Articulation cunéométatarsienne de l'hallux considérée comme un des éléments déterminants de la forme de locomotion à partir de son anatomie osseuse. Comparison entre l'australopitheque, l'homme et le chimpanzé. CR Acad Sci Paris, Sér II, 314:1379-1385.
    • (1992) CR Acad Sci Paris, Sér II , vol.314 , pp. 1379-1385
    • Deloison, Y.1
  • 74
    • 0002489930 scopus 로고
    • Funktionnelle anpassung durch langenwachstum des knochens
    • 45. Vers
    • Pauwels F. 1958. Funktionnelle Anpassung durch Langenwachstum des Knochens. Verh Dtsch Orthop Ges, 45. Vers, p 34-56.
    • (1958) Verh Dtsch Orthop Ges , pp. 34-56
    • Pauwels, F.1
  • 75
    • 0030886238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical bone distribution in the femoral neck of hominoids: Implications for the locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis
    • Ohman JC, Krochta TJ, Lovejoy CO, Mensforth RP, Latimer B. 1997. Cortical bone distribution in the femoral neck of hominoids: implications for the locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis. Am J Phys Anthropol 104:117-131.
    • (1997) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.104 , pp. 117-131
    • Ohman, J.C.1    Krochta, T.J.2    Lovejoy, C.O.3    Mensforth, R.P.4    Latimer, B.5
  • 76
    • 0032053302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural design of the femoral neck in primates
    • Rafferty KL. 1998. Structural design of the femoral neck in primates. J Hum Evol 34:361-383.
    • (1998) J Hum Evol , vol.34 , pp. 361-383
    • Rafferty, K.L.1
  • 77
    • 0021281538 scopus 로고
    • A new radiological sign in the hips of cerebral palsy patients
    • Howard CB, Williams LA. 1984. A new radiological sign in the hips of cerebral palsy patients. Clin Radiol 35:317-319.
    • (1984) Clin Radiol , vol.35 , pp. 317-319
    • Howard, C.B.1    Williams, L.A.2
  • 78
    • 28144437188 scopus 로고
    • Lucy's pelvic anatomy: Its role in bipedal gait
    • Rak Y. 1991. Lucy's pelvic anatomy: its role in bipedal gait. J Hum Evol 20:283-290.
    • (1991) J Hum Evol , vol.20 , pp. 283-290
    • Rak, Y.1
  • 80
    • 0017843451 scopus 로고
    • Predicting metabolic cost of level walking
    • Zarrugh MY, Radcliffe CW. 1978. Predicting metabolic cost of level walking. Eur J Appl Physiol 38:215-223.
    • (1978) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.38 , pp. 215-223
    • Zarrugh, M.Y.1    Radcliffe, C.W.2
  • 81
    • 0025835130 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the minimal energy costs of human walking
    • Holt KG, Hamill J, Andres RO. 1991. Predicting the minimal energy costs of human walking. Med Sci Sports Exerc 23:491-498.
    • (1991) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.23 , pp. 491-498
    • Holt, K.G.1    Hamill, J.2    Andres, R.O.3
  • 82
    • 0000286215 scopus 로고
    • Quelle est la signification fonctionelle du pelvis très large de Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1)?
    • Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Paris: CNRS
    • Berge C. 1991. Quelle est la signification fonctionelle du pelvis très large de Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1)? In: Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. Paris: CNRS, p 113-119.
    • (1991) Origine(s) de la Bipédie Chez Les Hominidés , pp. 113-119
    • Berge, C.1
  • 84
    • 0028255283 scopus 로고
    • How did the australopithecines walk? A biomechanical study of the hip and thigh of Australopithecus afarensis
    • Berge C. 1994. How did the australopithecines walk? A biomechanical study of the hip and thigh of Australopithecus afarensis. J Hum Evol 26:259-273.
    • (1994) J Hum Evol , vol.26 , pp. 259-273
    • Berge, C.1
  • 85
    • 0015027836 scopus 로고
    • Walking patterns of patients with unilateral hip pain due to osteo-arthritis and avascular necrosis
    • Murray MP, Gore DR, Clarkson BH. 1971. Walking patterns of patients with unilateral hip pain due to osteo-arthritis and avascular necrosis. J Bone Jt Surg 53A:259-273.
    • (1971) J Bone Jt Surg , vol.53 A , pp. 259-273
    • Murray, M.P.1    Gore, D.R.2    Clarkson, B.H.3
  • 86
    • 0002199178 scopus 로고
    • Gait of patients with hip pain or loss of hip joint motion
    • Black J, Dumbleton JH, editors. New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • Murray MP, Gore DR. 1981. Gait of patients with hip pain or loss of hip joint motion. In: Black J, Dumbleton JH, editors. Clinical biomechanics. A case history approach. New York: Churchill Livingstone, p 173-200.
    • (1981) Clinical Biomechanics. A Case History Approach , pp. 173-200
    • Murray, M.P.1    Gore, D.R.2
  • 88
    • 0032764140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-sectional morphology of the SK 82 and 97 proximal femora
    • Ruff CB, McHenry HM, Thackery JF. 1999. Cross-sectional morphology of the SK 82 and 97 proximal femora. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:509-529.
    • (1999) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.109 , pp. 509-529
    • Ruff, C.B.1    McHenry, H.M.2    Thackery, J.F.3
  • 89
    • 0033128970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost of bent-knee bent-hip bipedal gait. A reply to Crompton et al
    • Stern JT Jr. 1999. The cost of bent-knee bent-hip bipedal gait. A reply to Crompton et al. J Hum Evol 36:567-570.
    • (1999) J Hum Evol , vol.36 , pp. 567-570
    • Stern J.T., Jr.1
  • 90
    • 0028313823 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of human bipedality: Ecology and functional morphology
    • Hunt KD. 1994. The evolution of human bipedality: ecology and functional morphology. J Hum Evol 26:183-202.
    • (1994) J Hum Evol , vol.26 , pp. 183-202
    • Hunt, K.D.1
  • 91
    • 0001497479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological morphology of Australopithecus afarensis: Traveling terrestrially, eating arboreally
    • Strasser E, Fleagle J, Rosenberger A, McHenry H, editors. New York: Plenum Press
    • Hunt KD. 1998. Ecological morphology of Australopithecus afarensis: traveling terrestrially, eating arboreally. In: Strasser E, Fleagle J, Rosenberger A, McHenry H, editors. Primate locomotion: recent advances. New York: Plenum Press, p 397-418.
    • (1998) Primate Locomotion: Recent Advances , pp. 397-418
    • Hunt, K.D.1
  • 92
    • 0000766089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compliant gait in humans: Implications for substrate reaction forces during australopithecine bipedalism
    • Schmitt D, Stern JT Jr, Larson SG. 1996. Compliant gait in humans: implications for substrate reaction forces during australopithecine bipedalism. Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl 22:209.
    • (1996) Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl , vol.22 , pp. 209
    • Schmitt, D.1    Stern J.T., Jr.2    Larson, S.G.3
  • 93
    • 0000256084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shock wave transmission through the human body during normal and compliant walking
    • Schmitt D, Lemelin P, Trueblood AC. 1999. Shock wave transmission through the human body during normal and compliant walking. Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl 28:243-244.
    • (1999) Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl , vol.28 , pp. 243-244
    • Schmitt, D.1    Lemelin, P.2    Trueblood, A.C.3
  • 94
    • 0028830397 scopus 로고
    • Lateral view of Australopithecus afarensis: Primitive aspects of bipedal positional behavior in the earliest hominids
    • Abitbol MM. 1995. Lateral view of Australopithecus afarensis: primitive aspects of bipedal positional behavior in the earliest hominids. J Hum Evol 28:211-229.
    • (1995) J Hum Evol , vol.28 , pp. 211-229
    • Abitbol, M.M.1
  • 95
    • 0032030002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative morphometric study of the australopithecine vertebral series Stw-H8/H41
    • Sanders WJ. 1998. Comparative morphometric study of the australopithecine vertebral series Stw-H8/H41. J Hum Evol 34:249-302.
    • (1998) J Hum Evol , vol.34 , pp. 249-302
    • Sanders, W.J.1
  • 96
    • 0029793612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climbing, brachiation, and terrestrial quadrupedalism: Historical precursors of hominid bipedalism
    • Gebo DL. 1996. Climbing, brachiation, and terrestrial quadrupedalism: historical precursors of hominid bipedalism. Am J Phys Anthropol 101:55-92.
    • (1996) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.101 , pp. 55-92
    • Gebo, D.L.1
  • 97
    • 0000778228 scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of phalangeal curvature and positional behavior in chimpanzees
    • Paciulli LM. 1995. Ontogeny of phalangeal curvature and positional behavior in chimpanzees. Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl 20:165.
    • (1995) Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl , vol.20 , pp. 165
    • Paciulli, L.M.1
  • 98
    • 0001253209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of phalangeal curvature and locomotor behavior in lar gibbons
    • Richmond BG. 1997. Ontogeny of phalangeal curvature and locomotor behavior in lar gibbons. Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl 24:197.
    • (1997) Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl , vol.24 , pp. 197
    • Richmond, B.G.1
  • 99
    • 0001955514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing locomotor behavior in early hominids: Evidence from primate development
    • Richmond BG. 1999. Reconstructing locomotor behavior in early hominids: evidence from primate development. J Hum Evol 36:A20.
    • (1999) J Hum Evol , vol.36
    • Richmond, B.G.1
  • 100
    • 0344246808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of the knee joint in humans, great apes and fossil hominids: Pelvi-femoral relationships during postnatal growth in humans
    • Tardieu C, Preuschoft H. 1996. Ontogeny of the knee joint in humans, great apes and fossil hominids: pelvi-femoral relationships during postnatal growth in humans. Folia Primatol 66: 68-81.
    • (1996) Folia Primatol , vol.66 , pp. 68-81
    • Tardieu, C.1    Preuschoft, H.2
  • 101
    • 0031658215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short adolescence in early hominids: Infantile and adolescent growth of the human femur
    • Tardieu C. 1998. Short adolescence in early hominids: infantile and adolescent growth of the human femur. Am J Phys Anthropol 107:163-178.
    • (1998) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.107 , pp. 163-178
    • Tardieu, C.1
  • 102
    • 0032747147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny and phylogeny of femoro-tibial characters in humans and hominid fossils: Functional influence and genetic determinism
    • Tardieu C. 1999. Ontogeny and phylogeny of femoro-tibial characters in humans and hominid fossils: functional influence and genetic determinism. Am J Phys Anthropol 110:365-377.
    • (1999) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.110 , pp. 365-377
    • Tardieu, C.1
  • 103
    • 0028163985 scopus 로고
    • Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia
    • White TD, Suwa G, Asfaw B. 1994. Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature 371:306-312.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 306-312
    • White, T.D.1    Suwa, G.2    Asfaw, B.3
  • 104
    • 0003133762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first steps
    • Gore R. 1997. The first steps. Natl Geogr 191:72-99.
    • (1997) Natl Geogr , vol.191 , pp. 72-99
    • Gore, R.1
  • 105
    • 0029415485 scopus 로고
    • New four-million-year-old hominid species from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya
    • Leakey MG, Feibel CS, McDougall I, Walker A. 1995. New four-million-year-old hominid species from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya. Nature 376:565-571.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 565-571
    • Leakey, M.G.1    Feibel, C.S.2    McDougall, I.3    Walker, A.4
  • 106
    • 0024213623 scopus 로고
    • Origin of the Hominidae; the record of African large hominoid evolution between 14 My and 4 My
    • Hill A, Ward S. 1988. Origin of the Hominidae; the record of African large hominoid evolution between 14 My and 4 My. Yearbk Phys Anthropol 31:49-83.
    • (1988) Yearbk Phys Anthropol , vol.31 , pp. 49-83
    • Hill, A.1    Ward, S.2
  • 107
    • 0029909054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric variation in Plio-pleistocene hominid distal humeri
    • Lague MR, Jungers WL. 1996. Morphometric variation in Plio-Pleistocene hominid distal humeri. Am J Phys Anthropol 101:401-427.
    • (1996) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.101 , pp. 401-427
    • Lague, M.R.1    Jungers, W.L.2
  • 109
    • 0032492898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New specimens and confirmation of an early age for Australopithecus anamensis
    • Leakey MG, Feibel CS, McDougall I, Ward C, Walker A. 1998. New specimens and confirmation of an early age for Australopithecus anamensis. Nature 393:62-66.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 62-66
    • Leakey, M.G.1    Feibel, C.S.2    McDougall, I.3    Ward, C.4    Walker, A.5
  • 111
    • 0028276157 scopus 로고
    • Ape and hominid limb length
    • Jungers WL. 1994. Ape and hominid limb length. Nature 369:194.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.369 , pp. 194
    • Jungers, W.L.1
  • 112
    • 0002249075 scopus 로고
    • Ape and hominid limb length-white replies
    • White TD. 1994. Ape and hominid limb length-White replies. Nature 369:194.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.369 , pp. 194
    • White, T.D.1
  • 113
    • 0028184177 scopus 로고
    • The first skull and other new discoveries of Australopithecus afarensis at Hadar, Ethiopia
    • Kimbel WH, Johanson DC, Rak Y. 1994. The first skull and other new discoveries of Australopithecus afarensis at Hadar, Ethiopia. Nature 368:449-451.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.368 , pp. 449-451
    • Kimbel, W.H.1    Johanson, D.C.2    Rak, Y.3
  • 115
    • 0028976109 scopus 로고
    • Sterkfontein member 2 foot bones of the oldest South African hominid
    • Clarke RJ, Tobias PV. 1995. Sterkfontein Member 2 foot bones of the oldest South African hominid. Science 269:521-524.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 521-524
    • Clarke, R.J.1    Tobias, P.V.2
  • 116
    • 0030480678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chimpanzee-like tibia from Sterkfontein, South Africa and its implications for the interpretation of bipedalism in Australopithecus africanus
    • Berger LR, Tobias PV. 1996. A chimpanzee-like tibia from Sterkfontein, South Africa and its implications for the interpretation of bipedalism in Australopithecus africanus. J Hum Evol 30: 343-348.
    • (1996) J Hum Evol , vol.30 , pp. 343-348
    • Berger, L.R.1    Tobias, P.V.2
  • 117
    • 0032124908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body proportions in Australopithecus afarensis and A. africanus and the origin of the genus Homo
    • McHenry HM, Berger LR. 1998. Body proportions in Australopithecus afarensis and A. africanus and the origin of the genus Homo. J Hum Evol 35:1-22.
    • (1998) J Hum Evol , vol.35 , pp. 1-22
    • McHenry, H.M.1    Berger, L.R.2
  • 120
    • 0002595320 scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical perspectives on the lower limb of early hominids
    • Tuttle RH, editor. The Hague: Mouton
    • Lovejoy CO. 1975. Biomechanical perspectives on the lower limb of early hominids. In: Tuttle RH, editor. Primate functional morphology and evolution. The Hague: Mouton, p 291-326.
    • (1975) Primate Functional Morphology and Evolution , pp. 291-326
    • Lovejoy, C.O.1
  • 121
    • 0002107065 scopus 로고
    • A biomechanical review of the locomotor diversity of early hominids
    • Jolly CJ, editor. New York: St. Martin's Press
    • Lovejoy CO. 1978. A biomechanical review of the locomotor diversity of early hominids. In: Jolly CJ, editor. Early hominids of Africa. New York: St. Martin's Press, p 403-429.
    • (1978) Early Hominids of Africa , pp. 403-429
    • Lovejoy, C.O.1
  • 123
    • 0018824667 scopus 로고
    • Functional articulation of some hominoid foot bones: Implications for the Olduvai (Hominid 8) foot
    • Oxnard CE, Lisowski FP. 1980. Functional articulation of some hominoid foot bones: implications for the Olduvai (Hominid 8) foot. Am J Phys Anthropol 52:107-117.
    • (1980) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.52 , pp. 107-117
    • Oxnard, C.E.1    Lisowski, F.P.2
  • 126
    • 0028184511 scopus 로고
    • Implications of early hominid labyrinthine morphology for evolution of human bipedal locomotion
    • Spoor F, Wood B, Zonneveld F. 1994. Implications of early hominid labyrinthine morphology for evolution of human bipedal locomotion. Nature 369:645-648.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.369 , pp. 645-648
    • Spoor, F.1    Wood, B.2    Zonneveld, F.3
  • 127
    • 0000178572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a link between human semicircular canal size and bipedal behaviour
    • Spoor F, Wood B, Zonneveld F. 1996. Evidence for a link between human semicircular canal size and bipedal behaviour. J Hum Evol 30:183-187.
    • (1996) J Hum Evol , vol.30 , pp. 183-187
    • Spoor, F.1    Wood, B.2    Zonneveld, F.3
  • 128
    • 0033597452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australopithecus garhi: A new species of early hominid from Ethiopia
    • Asfaw B, White TD, Lovejoy O, Latimer B, Simpson S, Suwa G. 1999. Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia. Science 284:629-634.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 629-634
    • Asfaw, B.1    White, T.D.2    Lovejoy, O.3    Latimer, B.4    Simpson, S.5    Suwa, G.6
  • 130
    • 0025168173 scopus 로고
    • Deconstructing reconstruction: The OH 62 humerofemoral index
    • Korey KA. 1990. Deconstructing reconstruction: The OH 62 humerofemoral index. Am J Phys Anthropol 83:25-33.
    • (1990) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.83 , pp. 25-33
    • Korey, K.A.1
  • 131
    • 0026313591 scopus 로고
    • Was "Lucy" more human than her "child"? Observations on early hominid postcranial skeletons
    • Hartwig-Scherer S, Martin RD. 1991. Was "Lucy" more human than her "child"? Observations on early hominid postcranial skeletons. J Hum Evol 21:439-449.
    • (1991) J Hum Evol , vol.21 , pp. 439-449
    • Hartwig-Scherer, S.1    Martin, R.D.2
  • 133
    • 0033515755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human genus
    • Wood B, Collard M. 1999. The human genus. Science 284:65-71.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 65-71
    • Wood, B.1    Collard, M.2
  • 134
    • 0019991279 scopus 로고
    • Functional morphology of Homo habilis
    • Susman RL, Stern JT Jr. 1982. Functional morphology of Homo habilis. Science 217:931-934.
    • (1982) Science , vol.217 , pp. 931-934
    • Susman, R.L.1    Stern J.T., Jr.2
  • 135
    • 0022978609 scopus 로고
    • The first bipeds: A comparison of the A. afarensis and A. africanus postcranium and implications for the evolution of bipedalism
    • McHenry HM. 1986. The first bipeds: a comparison of the A. afarensis and A. africanus postcranium and implications for the evolution of bipedalism. J Hum Evol 15:177-191.
    • (1986) J Hum Evol , vol.15 , pp. 177-191
    • McHenry, H.M.1
  • 136
    • 0002218607 scopus 로고
    • First steps? Analyses of the postcranium of early hominids
    • Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Paris: CNRS
    • McHenry HM. 1991. First steps? Analyses of the postcranium of early hominids. In: Coppens Y, Senut B, editors. Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. Paris: CNRS, p 133-141.
    • (1991) Origine(s) de la Bipédie chez les Hominidés , pp. 133-141
    • McHenry, H.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.