Neon identifies two billion year old fluid component in Kaapvaal Craton

Chemical Geology

Volumn 283, Issue 3-4, 2011, Pages 287-296

  Lippmann Pipke, Johanna ^a   Sherwood Lollar, Barbara ^b   Niedermann, Samuel ^c   Stroncik, Nicole A ^c   Naumann, Rudolf ^c   van Heerden, Esta ^d   Onstott, Tullis C ^e  

^a INSTITUTE OF ION BEAM PHYSICS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c GFZ GERMAN RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GEOSCIENCES   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE   (South Africa)

^e PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Crustal fluid; Metamorphic fluids; Methanogens; Neon; Noble gas; Subsurface microbiology

Indexed keywords

ABIOGENIC; ABIOGENIC ORIGIN; ARCHAEAN; ARCHEAN; CHEMOLITHOTROPHS; CRUSTAL FLUID; CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT; DEEP FLUIDS; DEEP FRACTURES; DEEP GOLD MINES; DEEP GROUNDWATERS; DISSOLVED GAS; ENDMEMBERS; FLUID COMPONENTS; FLUID GEOCHEMISTRY; FLUID INCLUSION; FORMATION WATER; FRACTURE SYSTEMS; FRACTURE WATER; HIGH CONCENTRATION; HIGH SALINITY; HIGHER HYDROCARBONS; HYDRO-CARBON GAS; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; ISOTOPIC CHARACTERISTICS; ISOTOPIC SIGNATURES; KEY OBJECTIVE; MAINTENANCE LEVELS; METAMORPHIC FLUIDS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MICROBIAL ECO SYSTEM; NEON ISOTOPES; NOBLE GAS; SOUTH AFRICA; SUBSURFACE MICROBIOLOGY; SULPHATE REDUCING BACTERIA; TIME-SCALES; WATER ROCK INTERACTIONS; WATER-ROCK REACTIONS;

ANALYTICAL GEOCHEMISTRY; BIODIVERSITY; BIOSPHERICS; ECOSYSTEMS; FLUIDS; FLUORINE; FRACTURE; GALLIUM; GAS FUEL ANALYSIS; GOLD MINES; GROUNDWATER; GROUNDWATER GEOCHEMISTRY; HELIUM; HYDROCARBONS; INERT GASES; ISOTOPES; METHANOGENS; MICROBIOLOGY; MINERALOGY; ROCK PRODUCTS; SALINE WATER; WEATHERING;

NEON;

CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; METHANOGENESIS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; NEON; NOBLE GAS; WATER CHEMISTRY; WATER-ROCK INTERACTION;

SOUTH AFRICA; WITWATERSRAND;

EID: 79953281570     PISSN: 00092541     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.028     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Armstrong R.A., Compston W., Retief E.A., Williams I.S., Welke H.J. Zircon ion microprobe studies bearing on the age and evolution of the Witwatersrand triad. Precambrian Res. 1991, 53(3-4):243-266.
2. Azuma S.-I., Ozima M., Hiyagon H. Anomalous neon and xenon in an Archaean anorthosite from West Greenland. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1993, 114(2-3):341-352.
3. Ballentine C.J. Resolving the mantle He/Ne and crustal 21Ne/22Ne in well gases. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1997, 152:233-249.
4. Ballentine C.J., Burnard P.G. Production, release and transport of noble gases in the continental crust. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 2002, 47:481-538.
5. Ballentine C.J., O'Nions R.K. The nature of mantle neon contributions to Vienna Basin hydrocarbon reservoirs. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1991, 113:553-567.
6. Bottomley D.J., Ross J.D., Clarke W.B. Helium and neon geochemistry of some groundwaters from the Canadian Precambrian Shield. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1984, 48:1973-1985.
7. Bottomley D.J., Gregoire D.C., Raven K.G. Saline ground waters and brines in the Canadian Shield: geochemical and isotopic evidence for a residual evaporite brine component. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1994, 58(5):1483-1498.
8. Brand E.L. Water and gas occurrences in the Evander Goldfield. Geological Society of South Africa 1986, 797-809. C.R. Anhaeusser, S. Maske (Eds.).
9. Cano R.J., Borucki M.K. Revival and identification of bacterial spores in 25- to 40-million-year-old Dominican amber. Science 1995, 268(5213):1060-1064.
10. Chivian D., Brodie E.L., Alm E.J., Culley D.E., Dehal P.S., DeSantis T.Z., Gihring T.M., Lapidus A., Lin L.-H., Lowry S.R., Moser D.P., Richardson P.M., Southam G., Wanger G., Pratt L.M., Andersen G.L., Hazen T.C., Brockman F.J., Arkin A.P., Onstott T.C. Environmental genomics reveals a single-species ecosystem deep within Earth. Science 2008, 322(5899):275-278.
11. Craig H. Isotopic variations in meteoric waters. Science 1961, 133(3465):1702-1703.
12. de Wit M.J., de Ronde C.E.J., Tredoux M., Roering C., Hart R.J., Armstrong R.A., Green R.W.E., Peberdy E., Hart R.A. Formation of an Archaean continent. Nature 1992, 357(6379):553-562.
13. Drescher J., Kirsten T., Schäfer K. The rare gas inventory of the continental crust, recovered by the KTB Continental Deep Drilling Project. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1998, 154(1-4):247-263.
14. Frape S.K., Fritz P. Geochemical trends from groundwaters from the Canadian Shield. Geological Association of Canada 1987, 19-38. P. Fritz, S.K. Frape (Eds.).
15. Gihring T.M., Moser D.P., Lin L.H., Davidson M., Onstott T.C., Morgan L., Milleson M., Kieft T., Trimarco E., Balkwill D.L., Dollhopf M. The distribution of microbial taxa in the subsurface water of the Kalahari Shield, South Africa. Geomicrobiol. J. 2006, 23:415-430.
16. Grieve R.A.F., Coderre J.M., Robertson P.B., Alexopoulos J. Microscopic planar deformation features in quartz of the Vredefort structure: anomalous but still suggestive of an impact origin. Tectonophysics 1990, 171:185-200.
17. Hünemohr, H., 1989. Edelgase in U- und Th-reichen Mineralen und die Bestimmung der 21Ne-Dicktargetausbeute der 18O(α, n)21Ne-Kernreaktion im Bereich 4.0-8.8MeV, Ph.D. Thesis, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz.
18. The Geology of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg/Council for Geosiences, Pretoria 2006, 691. M.R. Johnson, C.R. Anhaeusser, R.J. Thomas (Eds.).
19. Johnston M.J.S. Near-field earthquake source mechanics at 3.6depth, Tau Tona Mine, South Africa, IRIS Seismic Instrumentation Technology Symposium, Palm Springs, CA, USA 2009.
20. Karl D.M., Bird D.F., Bjoerkman K., Houlihan T., Shackelford R., Tupas L. Microorganisms in the accreted ice of Lake Vostok, Antarctica. Science 1999, 286(5447):2144-2147.
21. Kennedy B.M., Hiyagon H., Reynolds J.H. Crustal neon: a striking uniformity. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1990, 98(3-4):277-286.
22. Kerr R.A. Deep life in the slow, slow lane. Science 2002, 296(5570):1056-1058.
23. Klemd R. A comparison of fluids causing post-depositional hydrothermal alteration in Archaean basement granitoids and the Witwatersrand Basin. Mineral. Petrol. 1999, 66(1-3):111-122.
24. Klemd R., Hallbauer D.K., Barton J.M.J. Fluid inclusions studies of hydrothermally altered archaean granites around the Witwatersrand Basin. Mineral. Petrol. 1989, 40:39-56.
25. Kloppmann W., Girard J.-P., Negrel P. Exotic stable isotope compositions of saline waters and brines from the crystalline basement. Chem. Geol. 2002, 184(1-2):49-70.
26. Leroux H., Reimold W.U., Doukhan J.C. A TEM investigation of shock metamorphism in quartz from the Vredefort Dome, South Africa. Tectonophysics 1994, 230:223-239.
27. Lin L.-H., Slater G.F., Sherwood Lollar B., Lacrampe-Couloume G., Onstott T.C. The yield and isotopic composition of radiolytic H2, a potential energy source for the deep subsurface biosphere. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2005, 69(4):893-903.
28. Lin L., Hall J.A., Lippmann J., Ward J., Sherwood-Lollar B., DeFlaun M., Rothmel R., Moser D.P., Gihring T.M., Mislowack B., Onstott T.C. Radiolytic H2 in continental crust: Nuclear power for deep subsurface microbial communities. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2005, 6:Q07003.
29. Lin L.-H., Wang P.-L., Rumble D., Lippmann-Pipke J., Boice E., Pratt L.M., Sherwood Lollar B., Brodie E.L., Hazen T.C., Andersen G.L., DeSantis T.Z., Moser D.P., Kershaw D., Onstott T.C. Long-term sustainability of a high-energy, low-diversity crustal biome. Science 2006, 314(5798):479-482.
30. Lippmann J., Stute M., Torgersen T., Moser D.P., Hall J.A., Lin L., Borcsik M., Bellamy R.E.S., Onstott T.C. Dating ultra-deep mine waters with noble gases and 36Cl, Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2003, 67(23):4597-4619.
31. Ma L., Castro M.C., Hall C.M. Atmospheric noble gas signatures in deep Michigan Basin brines as indicators of a past thermal event. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2009, 277(1-2):137-147.
32. Mason B., Moore C.B. Principles of Geochemistry 1981, John Wiley, New York, N.Y, 344pp.
33. Moser D.P., Onstott T.C., Fredrickson J.K., Brockman F.J., Balkwill D.L., Drake G.R., Pfiffner S., White D.C., Takai K., Pratt L.M., Fong J., Sherwood-Lollar B., Slater G., Phelps T.J., Spoelstra N., DeFlaun M., Southam G., Welty A.T., Baker B.J., Hoek J. Temporal shifts in microbial community structure and geochemistry of an ultradeep South African gold mine borehole. Geomicrobiol. J. 2003, 20:1-32.
34. Niedermann S., Bach W., Erzinger J. Noble gas evidence for a lower mantle component in MORBs from the southern East Pacific Rise: decoupling of helium and neon isotope systematics. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1997, 61(13):2697-2715.
35. Niedermann S., Schaefer J.M., Wieler R., Naumann R. The production rate of cosmogenic 38Ar from calcium in terrestrial pyroxene. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2007, 257(3-4):596-608.
36. Nordstrom D.K., Lindblom S., Donahoe R.J., Barton C.C. Fluid inclusions in the Stripa granite and their possible influence on the groundwater chemistry. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1989, 53(8):1741-1755.
37. Onstott T.C., Lin L.-H., Davidson M., Mislowack B., Borcsik M., Hall J., Slater G.F., Ward J.A., Sherwood Lollar B., Lippmann-Pipke J., Boice E., Pratt L.M., Pfiffner S., Moser D.P., Gihring T.M., Kieft T.L., Phelps T.J., Heerden van E., Litthaur D., DeFlaun M., Rothmel R., Wanger G., Southam G. The origin and age of biogeochemical trends in deep fracture water of the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa. Geomicrobiol. J. 2006, 23(6):369.
38. Parkes R.J., Cragg B.A., Bale S.J., Getlifff J.M., Goodman K., Rochelle P.A., Fry J.C., Weightman A.J., Harvey S.M. Deep bacterial biosphere in Pacific Ocean sediments. Nature 1994, 371(6496):410-413.
39. Pedersen K. Microbial life in deep granitic rock. Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Microbiol. Rev. 1997, 20(2-3):399-414.
40. Peeters F., Beyerle U., Aeschbach-Hertig W., Holocher J., Brennwald M.S., Kipfer R. Improving noble gas based paleoclimate reconstruction and groundwater dating using 20Ne/22Ne ratios. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2002, 67(4):587-600.
41. Porcelli D., Ballentine C.J., Wieler R. Noble gases in geochemistry and cosmochemistry. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 2002, 47.
42. Priscu J.C., Adams E.E., Lyons W.B., Voytek M.A., Mogk D.W., Brown R.L., McKay C.P., Takacs C.D., Welch K.A., Wolf C.F., Kirshtein J.D., Avci R. Geomicrobiology of subglacial ice above Lake Vostok, Antarctica. Science 1999, 286(5447):2141-2144.
43. Robb L.J., Meyer F.M. The Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa: geological framework and mineralization processes. Ore Geol. Rev. 1995, 10:67-94.
44. Robb L.J., Charlesworth E.G., Drennan G.R., Gibson R.L., Tongu E.L. Tectono-metamorphic setting and paragenetic sequence of Au-U mineralisation in the Archaean Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 1997, 44:353-371.
45. Roedder E. Fluid inclusions analysis - prologue and epilogue. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1990, 54:495-507.
46. Sherwood Lollar B., Ballentine C.J. Insights into deep carbon derived from noble gases. Progress Article. Nat. Geosci. 2009, 2:543-547.
47. Sherwood Lollar B., Frape S.K., Weise S.M., Fritz P., Macko S.A., Welhan J.A. Abiogenic methanogenesis in crystalline rocks. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1993, 57:5087-5097.
48. Sherwood Lollar B., Westgate T.D., Ward J.A., Slater G.F., Lacrampe-Couloume G. Abiogenic formation of alkanes in the Earth's crust as a minor source for global hydrocarbon reservoirs. Nature 2002, 416(6880):522-524.
49. Sherwood Lollar B., Lacrampe-Couloume G., Slater G.F., Ward J., Moser D.P., Gihring T.M., Lin L.-H., Onstott T.C. Unravelling abiogenic and biogenic sources of methane in the Earth's deep subsurface. Chem. Geol. 2006, 226(3-4):328-339.
50. Sherwood Lollar B., Voglesonger K., Lin L.H., Lacrampe-Couloume G., Telling J., Abrajano T.A., Onstott T.C., Pratt L.M. Hydrogeologic controls on episodic H2 release from Precambrian fractured rocks: energy for deep subsurface life on Earth and Mars. Astrobiology 2007, 7(6):971-986.
51. Sherwood Lollar B., Lacrampe-Couloume G., Voglesonger K., Onstott T.C., Pratt L.M., Slater G.F. Isotopic signatures of CH4 and higher hydrocarbon gases from Precambrian Shield sites: a model for abiogenic polymerization of hydrocarbons. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2008, 72(19):4778-4795.
52. Sleep N.H., Zoback M.D. Did earthquakes keep the Early crust habitable?. Astrobiology 2007, 7(6):1023-1032.
53. Stroncik N.A., Niedermann S., Haase K.M. Neon and helium isotopes as tracers of mantle reservoirs and mantle dynamics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2007, 258(1-2):334-344.
54. Stuart F.M., Turner G. The abundance and isotopic composition of the noble gases in ancient fluids. Chem. Geol. 1992, 101(1-2):97-109.
55. Turner G., Wang S., Burgess R., Bannon M. Argon and other noble gases in fluid inclusions. Chem. Geol. 1988, 70(1-2):42.
56. Tweedie E.B. The Evander goldfield. Geological Society of South Africa 1986, 705-730. C.R. Anhaeusser, S. Maske (Eds.).
57. Vreeland R.H., Rosenzweig W.D., Powers D.W. Isolation of a 250million-year-old halotolerant bacterium from a primary salt crystal. Nature 2000, 407(897-899).
58. Ward J.A., Slater G.F., Moser D.P., Lin L.-H., Lacrampe-Couloume G., Bonin A.S., Davidson M., Hall J.A., Mislowack B., Bellamy R.E.S., Onstott T.C., Sherwood Lollar B. Microbial hydrocarbon gases in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa: implications for the deep biosphere. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2004, 68(15):3239-3250.
59. Wetherill G.W. Variations in the isotopic abundances of neon and argon extracted from radioactive minerals. Phys. Rev. 1954, 96:679-683.
60. Whiteside H.C.M., Glasspool K.R., Hiemstra S.A. Gold in the Witwatersrand Triad. Min. Res. Rep. S. Afr. 1986, 39-73. C. C.B. (Ed.).
61. Whitman W.B., Coleman D.C., Wiebe W.J. Prokaryotes: the unseen majority. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95(12):6578-6583.
62. Zadnik M.G., Jeffery P.M. Radiogenic neon in an Archaean anorthosite. Chem. Geol. 1985, 52(1):119-125.