Fetal adnexa derived stem cells from domestic animal: Progress and perspectives

Theriogenology

Volumn 75, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 1400-1415

  Cremonesi, F ^a   Corradetti, B ^b   Lange Consiglio, A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITÀ POLITECNICA DELLE MARCHE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Amnion; Amniotic fluid; Domestic animal; Stem cells; Umbilical cord blood; Wharton's Jelly

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 79953278989     PISSN: 0093691X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.032     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Carlin R., Davis D., Weiss M., Schultz B., Troyer D. Expression of early transcription factors Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog by porcine umbilical cord (PUC) matrix cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2006, 4:8.
2. Crovace A., Lacitignola L., De Siena R., Rossi G., Francioso E. Cell therapy for tendon repair in horses: an experimental study. Vet Res Commun 2007, 31(Suppl 1):281-283.
3. Fortier L.A., Smith R.K. Regenerative medicine for tendinous and ligamentous injuries of sport horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2008, 24:191-201.
4. Guest D.J., Smith M.R., Allen W.R. Monitoring the fate of autologous and allogeneic mesenchymal progenitor cells injected into the superficial digital flexor tendon of horses: preliminary study. Equine Vet J 2008, 40:178-181.
5. Pacini S., Spinabella S., Trombi L., Fazzi R., Galimberti S., Dini F., Carlucci F., Petrini M. Suspension of bone marrow-derived undifferentiated mesenchymal stromal cells for repair of superficial digital flexor tendon in race horses. Tissue Eng 2007, 13:2949-2955.
6. Smith R.K., Korda M., Blunn G.W., Goodship A.E. Isolation and implantation of autologous equine mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow into the superficial digital flexor tendon as a potential novel treatment. Equine Vet J 2003, 35:99-102.
7. Wilke M.M., Nydam D.V., Nixon A.J. Enhanced early chondrogenesis in articular defects following arthroscopic mesenchymal stem cell implantation in an equine model. J Orthop Res 2007, 25:913-925.
8. Digirolamo C.M., Stokes D., Colter D., Phinney D.G., Class R., Prockop D.J. Propagation and senescence of human marrow stromal cells in culture: a simple colony-forming assay identifies samples with the greatest potential to propagate and differentiate. Br J Haematol 1999, 107:275-281.
9. Guillot P.V., Gotherstrom C., Chan J., Kurata H., Fisk N.M. Human first-trimester fetal MSC express pluripotency markers and grow faster and have longer telomeres than adult MSC. Stem Cells 2007, 25:646-654.
10. Majors A.K., Boehm C.A., Nitto H., Midura R.J., Muschler G.F. Characterization of human bone marrow stromal cells with respect to osteoblastic differentiation. J Orthop Res 1997, 15:546-557.
11. Paris D.B., Stout T.A. Equine embryos and embryonic stem cells: defining reliable markers of pluripotency. Theriogenology 2010, 74:516-524.
12. Vejlsted M. Comparative placentation. Essentials of domestic animal embryology 2010, 104-119. Saunders/Elsevier, Edinburgh, New York. P. Hyttel (Ed.).
13. Miki T., Strom S.C. Amnion-derived pluripotent/multipotent stem cells. Stem Cell Rev 2006, 2:133-142.
14. Evangelista M., Soncini M., Parolini O. Placenta-derived stem cells: new hope for cell therapy?. Cytotechnology 2008, 58:33-42.
15. Igura K., Zhang X., Takahashi K., Mitsuru A., Yamaguchi S., Takashi T.A. Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal progenitor cells from chorionic villi of human placenta. Cytotherapy 2004, 6:543-553.
16. Zhang X., Soda Y., Takahashi K., Bai Y., Mitsuru A., Igura K., Satoh H., Yamaguchi S., Tani K., Tojo A., Takahashi T.A. Successful immortalization of mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from human placenta and the differentiation abilities of immortalized cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006, 351:853-859.
17. Eckfeldt C.E., Mendenhall E.M., Verfaillie C.M. The molecular repertoire of the almighty' stem cell. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2005, 6:726-737.
18. Kooreman NG, Wu JC. Tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells: biological insights from molecular imaging. J R Soc Interface;7 Suppl 6:S753-63.
19. Horwitz E.M., Le Blanc K., Dominici M., Mueller I., Slaper-Cortenbach I., Marini F.C., Deans R.J., Krause D.S., Keating A. Clarification of the nomenclature for MSC: The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy 2005, 7:393-395.
20. Arnhold S.J., Goletz I., Klein H., Stumpf G., Beluche L.A., Rohde C., Addicks K., Litzke L.F. Isolation and characterization of bone marrow-derived equine mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Vet Res 2007, 68:1095-1105.
21. Fortier L.A., Nixon A.J., Williams J., Cable C.S. Isolation and chondrocytic differentiation of equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Vet Res 1998, 59:1182-1187.
22. Kern S., Eichler H., Stoeve J., Kluter H., Bieback K. Comparative analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, or adipose tissue. Stem Cells 2006, 24:1294-1301.
23. Martin G.R. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981, 78:7634-7638.
24. Ringe J., Kaps C., Schmitt B., Buscher K., Bartel J., Smolian H., Schultz O., Burmester G.R., Haupl T., Sittinger M. Porcine mesenchymal stem cells. Induction of distinct mesenchymal cell lineages. Cell Tissue Res 2002, 307:321-327.
25. Vidal M.A., Kilroy G.E., Johnson J.R., Lopez M.J., Moore R.M., Gimble J.M. Cell growth characteristics and differentiation frequency of adherent equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: adipogenic and osteogenic capacity. Vet Surg 2006, 35:601-610.
26. Vidal M.A., Robinson S.O., Lopez M.J., Paulsen D.B., Borkhsenious O., Johnson J.R., Moore R.M., Gimble J.M. Comparison of chondrogenic potential in equine mesenchymal stromal cells derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow. Vet Surg 2008, 37:713-724.
27. Toma J.G., Akhavan M., Fernandes K.J., Barnabe-Heider F., Sadikot A., Kaplan D.R., Miller F.D. Isolation of multipotent adult stem cells from the dermis of mammalian skin. Nat Cell Biol 2001, 3:778-784.
28. Giovannini S., Brehm W., Mainil-Varlet P., Nesic D. Multilineage differentiation potential of equine blood-derived fibroblast-like cells. Differentiation 2008, 76:118-129.
29. Koerner J., Nesic D., Romero J.D., Brehm W., Mainil-Varlet P., Grogan S.P. Equine peripheral blood-derived progenitors in comparison to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 2006, 24:1613-1619.
30. Bartholomew S., Owens S.D., Ferraro G.L., Carrade D.D., Lara D.J., Librach F.A., Borjesson D.L., Galuppo L.D. Collection of equine cord blood and placental tissues in 40 thoroughbred mares. Equine Vet J 2009, 41:724-728.
31. Guest D.J., Ousey J.C., Smith M.R.W. Defining the expression of marker genes in equine mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells Clon Adv Appl 2008, 1:1-9.
32. Raoufi M., Tajik P., Dehghan M., Eini F., Barin A. Isolation and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Bovine Umbilical Cord Blood. Reprod Domest Anim 2010, in press: DOI: 10.1111/j.439-0531.2010.01.594.x.
33. Reed S.A., Johnson S.E. Equine umbilical cord blood contains a population of stem cells that express Oct4 and differentiate into mesodermal and endodermal cell types. J Cell Physiol 2008, 215:329-336.
34. Schuh E.M., Friedman M.S., Carrade D.D., Li J., Heeke D., Oyserman S.M., Galuppo L.D., Lara D.J., Walker N.J., Ferraro G.L., Owens S.D., Borjesson D.L. Identification of variables that optimize isolation and culture of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from equine umbilical-cord blood. Am J Vet Res 2009, 70:1526-1535.
35. Seo M.S., Jeong Y.H., Park J.R., Park S.B., Rho K.H., Kim H.S., Yu K.R., Lee S.H., Jung J.W., Lee Y.S., Kang K.S. Isolation and characterization of canine umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Vet Sci 2009, 10:181-187.
36. Koch T.G., Heerkens T., Thomsen P.D., Betts D.H. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from equine umbilical cord blood. BMC Biotechnol 2007, 7:26.
37. Corradetti B., Lange Consiglio A., Cremonesi F., Bizzaro D. Isolation and characterization of size-sieved mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from perivascular and intervascular Wharton's Jelly of horse humbilical. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010, 22:347-348.
38. Cremonesi F., Violini S., Lange Consiglio A., Ramelli P., Ranzenigo G., Mariani P. Isolation, in vitro culture and characterization of foal umbilical cord stem cells at birth. Vet Res Commun 2008, 32:139-142.
39. Hoynowski S.M., Fry M.M., Gardner B.M., Leming M.T., Tucker J.R., Black L., Sand T., Mitchell K.E. Characterization and differentiation of equine umbilical cord-derived matrix cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007, 362:347-353.
40. Mitchell K.E., Weiss M.L., Mitchell B.M., Martin P., Davis D., Morales L., Helwig B., Beerenstrauch M., Abou-Easa K., Hildreth T., Troyer D., Medicetty S. Matrix cells from Wharton's jelly form neurons and glia. Stem Cells 2003, 21:50-60.
41. Passeri S., Nocchi F., Lamanna R., Lapi S., Miragliotta V., Giannessi E., Abramo F., Stornelli M.R., Matarazzo M., Plenteda D., Urciuoli P., Scatena F., Coli A. Isolation and expansion of equine umbilical cord-derived matrix cells (EUCMCs). Cell Biol Int 2009, 33:100-105.
42. Lange Consiglio A., Corradetti B., Bizzaro D., Cremonesi F. Horse amnion: a source of mesenchymal (AMSC) and epithelial stem cells (AESC). Reprod Fertil Dev 2010, 22:349-350.
43. Mauro A., Turriani M., Ioannoni A., Russo V., Martelli A., Di Giacinto O., Nardinocchi D., Berardinelli P. Isolation, characterization, and in vitro differentiation of ovine amniotic stem cells. Vet Res Commun 2010, 34(Suppl 1):S25-S28.
44. Ginther O.J. Ultrasonic imaging and reproductive events in the mare. Equicervices Pub 1986.
45. Kobayashi K., Kubota T., Aso T. Study on myofibroblast differentiation in the stromal cells of Wharton's jelly: expression and localization of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Early Hum Dev 1998, 51:223-233.
46. Hall J.G., Martin P.L., Wood S., Kurtzberg J. Unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for an infant with beta-thalassemia major. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2004, 26:382-385.
47. Knutsen A.P., Steffen M., Wassmer K., Wall D.A. Umbilical cord blood transplantation in Wiskott Aldrich syndrome. J Pediatr 2003, 142:519-523.
48. Kurtzberg J., Lyerly A.D., Sugarman J. Untying the Gordian knot: policies, practices, and ethical issues related to banking of umbilical cord blood. J Clin Invest 2005, 115:2592-2597.
49. Laughlin M.J., Barker J., Bambach B., Koc O.N., Rizzieri D.A., Wagner J.E., Gerson S.L., Lazarus H.M., Cairo M., Stevens C.E., Rubinstein P., Kurtzberg J. Hematopoietic engraftment and survival in adult recipients of umbilical-cord blood from unrelated donors. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:1815-1822.
50. Ilancheran S., Michalska A., Peh G., Wallace E.M., Pera M., Manuelpillai U. Stem cells derived from human fetal membranes display multilineage differentiation potential. Biol Reprod 2007, 77:577-588.
51. Kogler G., Sensken S., Airey J.A., Trapp T., Muschen M., Feldhahn N., Liedtke S., Sorg R.V., Fischer J., Rosenbaum C., Greschat S., Knipper A., Bender J., Degistirici O., Gao J., Caplan A.I., Colletti E.J., Almeida-Porada G., Muller H.W., Zanjani E., Wernet P. A new human somatic stem cell from placental cord blood with intrinsic pluripotent differentiation potential. J Exp Med 2004, 200:123-135.
52. Weiss M.L., Medicetty S., Bledsoe A.R., Rachakatla R.S., Choi M., Merchav S., Luo Y., Rao M.S., Velagaleti G., Troyer D. Human umbilical cord matrix stem cells: preliminary characterization and effect of transplantation in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease. Stem Cells 2006, 24:781-792.
53. Magatti M., De Munari S., Vertua E., Gibelli L., Wengler G.S., Parolini O. Human amnion mesenchyme harbors cells with allogeneic T-cell suppression and stimulation capabilities. Stem Cells 2008, 26:182-192.
54. Avila M., Espana M., Moreno C., Pena C. Reconstruction of ocular surface with heterologous limbal epithelium and amniotic membrane in a rabbit model. Cornea 2001, 20:414-420.
55. Kubo M., Sonoda Y., Muramatsu R., Usui M. Immunogenicity of human amniotic membrane in experimental xenotransplantation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001, 42:1539-1546.
56. Yuge I., Takumi Y., Koyabu K., Hashimoto S., Takashima S., Fukuyama T., Nikaido T., Usami S. Transplanted human amniotic epithelial cells express connexin 26 and Na-K-adenosine triphosphatase in the inner ear. Transplantation 2004, 77:1452-1454.
57. Sankar V., Muthusamy R. Role of human amniotic epithelial cell transplantation in spinal cord injury repair research. Neuroscience 2003, 118:11-17.
58. Izumi M., Pazin B.J., Minervini C.F., Gerlach J., Ross M.A., Stolz D.B., Turner M.E., Thompson R.L., Miki T. Quantitative comparison of stem cell marker-positive cells in fetal and term human amnion. J Reprod Immunol 2009, 81:39-43.
59. Torricelli F., Brizzi L., Bernabei P.A., Gheri G., Di Lollo S., Nutini L., Lisi E., Di Tommaso M., Cariati E. Identification of hematopoietic progenitor cells in human amniotic fluid before the 12th week of gestation. Ital J Anat Embryol 1993, 98:119-126.
60. Sessarego N., Parodi A., Podesta M., Benvenuto F., Mogni M., Raviolo V., Lituania M., Kunkl A., Ferlazzo G., Bricarelli F.D., Uccelli A., Frassoni F. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from amniotic fluid: solid perspectives for clinical application. Haematologica 2008, 93:339-346.
61. Toupadakis C.A., Wong A., Genetos D.C., Cheung W.K., Borjesson D.L., Ferraro G.L., Galuppo L.D., Leach J.K., Owens S.D., Yellowley C.E. Comparison of the osteogenic potential of equine mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and umbilical cord tissue. Am J Vet Res 2010, 71:1237-1245.
62. Dawes G.S. The umbilical circulation after birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1962, 84:1634-1648.
63. Rossdale P.D. Parturition in the thoroughbred mare with particular reference to blood deprivation in the new-born. Vet Record 1958, 70:142-151.
64. Doarn R. Umbilical blood flow and the effects of premature severance in the neonatal horse. Theriogenol 1985, 78:789-800.
65. Chang Y.J., Shih D.T., Tseng C.P., Hsieh T.B., Lee D.C., Hwang S.M. Disparate mesenchyme-lineage tendencies in mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow and umbilical cord blood. Stem Cells 2006, 24:679-685.
66. Berg L., Koch T., Heerkens T., Bessonov K., Thomsen P., Betts D. Chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from equine bone marrow and umbilical cord blood. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2009, 22:363-370.
67. Bieback K., Kern S., Kluter H., Eichler H. Critical parameters for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood. Stem Cells 2004, 22:625-634.
68. Janderova L., McNeil M., Murrell A.N., Mynatt R.L., Smith S.R. Human mesenchymal stem cells as an in vitro model for human adipogenesis. Obes Res 2003, 11:65-74.
69. Moerman E.J., Teng K., Lipschitz D.A., Lecka-Czernik B. Aging activates adipogenic and suppresses osteogenic programs in mesenchymal marrow stroma/stem cells: the role of PPAR-gamma2 transcription factor and TGF-beta/BMP signaling pathways. Aging Cell 2004, 3:379-389.
70. Jin G.Z., Yin X.J., Yu X.F., Cho S.J., Choi E.G., Lee Y.S., Jeon J.T., Yee S.T., Kong I.K. Generation of neuronal-like cells from umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells of a RFP-transgenic cloned cat. J Vet Med Sci 2008, 70:723-726.
71. Deng J., Petersen B.E., Steindler D.A., Jorgensen M.L., Laywell E.D. Mesenchymal stem cells spontaneously express neural proteins in culture and are neurogenic after transplantation. Stem Cells 2006, 24:1054-1064.
72. Donofrio G., Colleoni S., Galli C., Lazzari G., Cavirani S., Flammini C.F. Susceptibility of bovine mesenchymal stem cells to bovine herpesvirus 4. J Virol Methods 2005, 127:168-170.
73. Marcus A.J., Woodbury D. Fetal stem cells from extra-embryonic tissues: do not discard. J Cell Mol Med 2008, 12:730-742.
74. Sarugaser R., Lickorish D., Baksh D., Hosseini M.M., Davies J.E. Human umbilical cord perivascular (HUCPV) cells: a source of mesenchymal progenitors. Stem Cells 2005, 23:220-229.
75. Laylor R., Cannella L., Simpson E., Dazzi F. Minor histocompatibility antigens and stem cell transplantation. Vox Sang 2004, 87(Suppl 2):11-14.
76. MacGregor G.R., Zambrowicz B.P., Soriano P. Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase is expressed in both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages during mouse embryogenesis but is not required for migration of primordial germ cells. Development 1995, 121:1487-1496.
77. Glennie S., Soeiro I., Dyson P.J., Lam E.W., Dazzi F. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induce division arrest anergy of activated T cells. Blood 2005, 105:2821-2827.
78. Miki T., Marongiu F., Dorko K., Ellis E.C., Strom S.C. Isolation of amniotic epithelial stem cells. Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol 2010, Ch. 1: Unit 1E 3.
79. Park S.B., Seo M.S., Kang J.G., Chae J.S., Kang K.S. Isolation and characterization of equine amniotic fluid-derived multipotent stem cells. Cytotherapy 2010, in press.
80. Weiss M.L., Mitchell K.E., Hix J.E., Medicetty S., El-Zarkouny S.Z., Grieger D., Troyer D.L. Transplantation of porcine umbilical cord matrix cells into the rat brain. Exp Neurol 2003, 182:288-299.
81. Chen L., Tredget E.E., Wu P.Y., Wu Y. Paracrine factors of mesenchymal stem cells recruit macrophages and endothelial lineage cells and enhance wound healing. PLoS One 2008, 3:e1886.
82. Di Nicola M., Carlo-Stella C., Magni M., Milanesi M., Longoni P.D., Matteucci P., Grisanti S., Gianni A.M. Human bone marrow stromal cells suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by cellular or nonspecific mitogenic stimuli. Blood 2002, 99:3838-3843.
83. Jang B.J., Byeon Y.E., Lim J.H., Ryu H.H., Kim W.H., Koyama Y., Kikuchi M., Kang K.S., Kweon O.K. Implantation of canine umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells mixed with beta-tricalcium phosphate enhances osteogenesis in bone defect model dogs. J Vet Sci 2008, 9:387-393.
84. Lim J.H., Byeon Y.E., Ryu H.H., Jeong Y.H., Lee Y.W., Kim W.H., Kang K.S., Kweon O.K. Transplantation of canine umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in experimentally induced spinal cord injured dogs. J Vet Sci 2007, 8:275-282.
85. Park H.C., Shim Y.S., Ha Y., Yoon S.H., Park S.R., Choi B.H., Park H.S. Treatment of complete spinal cord injury patients by autologous bone marrow cell transplantation and administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. Tissue Eng 2005, 11:913-922.
86. Jung K.H., Chu K., Lee S.T., Kim S.J., Sinn D.I., Kim S.U., Kim M., Roh J.K. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulates neurogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor with STAT activation. Brain Res 2006, 190-201. 10731074.
87. Carrade D.D., Owens S.D., Galuppo L.D., Vidal M.A., Ferraro G.L., Librach F., Buerchler S., Friedman M.S., Walker N.J., Borjesson D.L. Clinicopathologic findings following intra-articular injection of autologous and allogeneic placentally derived equine mesenchymal stem cells in horses. Cytotherapy 2010, in press.
88. Bailo M., Soncini M., Vertua E., Signoroni P.B., Sanzone S., Lombardi G., Arienti D., Calamani F., Zatti D., Paul P., Albertini A., Zorzi F., Cavagnini A., Candotti F., Wengler G.S., Parolini O. Engraftment potential of human amnion and chorion cells derived from term placenta. Transplantation 2004, 78:1439-1448.
89. Li H., Niederkorn J.Y., Neelam S., Mayhew E., Word R.A., McCulley J.P., Alizadeh H. Immunosuppressive factors secreted by human amniotic epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005, 46:900-907.
90. Gomes J.A., Romano A., Santos M.S., Dua H.S. Amniotic membrane use in ophthalmology. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2005, 16:233-240.
91. Lassaline M.E., Brooks D.E., Ollivier F.J., Komaromy A.M., Kallberg M.E., Gelatt K.N. Equine amniotic membrane transplantation for corneal ulceration and keratomalacia in three horses. Vet Ophthalmol 2005, 8:311-317.
92. Ollivier F.J., Kallberg M.E., Plummer C.E., Barrie K.P., O'Reilly S., Taylor D.P., Gelatt K.N., Brooks D.E. Amniotic membrane transplantation for corneal surface reconstruction after excision of corneolimbal squamous cell carcinomas in nine horses. Vet Ophthalmol 2006, 9:404-413.
93. Plummer C.E. The use of amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction: a review and series of 58 equine clinical cases (2002-2008). Veterinary Ophthalmology 2009, 12:17-24.
94. Arcelli R., Tibaldini P., Angeli G., Bellezza E. Equine amniotic membrane transplantation in some ocular surface diseases in the dog and cat: a preliminary study. Vet Res Commun 2009, 33(Suppl 1):169-171.
95. Solomon A., Wajngarten M., Alviano F., Anteby I., Elchalal U., Pe'er J., Levi-Schaffer F. Suppression of inflammatory and fibrotic responses in allergic inflammation by the amniotic membrane stromal matrix. Clin Exp Allergy 2005, 35:941-948.
96. Dua H.S., Gomes J.A., King A.J., Maharajan V.S. The amniotic membrane in ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol 2004, 49:51-77.
97. Shimazaki J., Yang H.Y., Tsubota K. Amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction in patients with chemical and thermal burns. Ophthalmology 1997, 104:2068-2076.
98. Koizumi N.J., Inatomi T.J., Sotozono C.J., Fullwood N.J., Quantock A.J., Kinoshita S. Growth factor mRNA and protein in preserved human amniotic membrane. Curr Eye Res 2000, 20:173-177.
99. Cai J., Li W., Su H., Qin D., Yang J., Zhu F., Xu J., He W., Guo X., Labuda K., Peterbauer A., Wolbank S., Zhong M., Li Z., Wu W., So K.F., Redl H., Zeng L., Esteban M.A., Pei D. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from umbilical cord matrix and amniotic membrane mesenchymal cells. J Biol Chem 2010, 285:11227-11234.