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note
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12. It should also be noted that polar coordinating solvents such as THF, diglyme, dioxane, and dimethoxyethane (DME) facilitated cross-coupling: however, the best results were obtained using dioxane as the solvent.
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81
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57549099215
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X-Phos was chosen as the ligand because it has been reported to prevent cyclometalation of palladium to the ligand especially in cationic palladium complexes. For recent reviews on dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands see: (a)
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X-Phos was chosen as the ligand because it has been reported to prevent cyclometalation of palladium to the ligand especially in cationic palladium complexes. For recent reviews on dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands see: (a) Martin, R.; Buchwald, S. L. Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41, 1461-1473;
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(2008)
Acc. Chem. Res.
, vol.41
, pp. 1461-1473
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Martin, R.1
Buchwald, S.L.2
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82
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52049105452
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(b) Surry, D. S.; Buchwald, S. L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 6338-6361.
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(2008)
Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.
, vol.47
, pp. 6338-6361
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Surry, D.S.1
Buchwald, S.L.2
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83
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79953172649
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note
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Extensive optimization of all reaction variables was conducted ligands (NHC, bidentate, monodendate, etc.), palladium precatalysts, additives and solvents. It was found from these studies that Buchwald type dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands were optimal in ethereal solvents (THF, dioxane, and DME); while all other combinations surveyed did not significantly improve the product yield. It should also be noted that the major side products observed in these reactions were disiloxane formation, from dimerization of (E)-1, and/or S-O bond cleavage.
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