Implicit versus explicit associative learning and experimentally induced placebo hypoalgesia

Journal of Pain Research

Volumn 4, Issue , 2011, Pages 67-77

  Martin Pichora, Andrea L ^a,b   Mankovsky Arnold, Tsipora D ^c   Katz, Joel ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b RYERSON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Associative learning; Expectancy; Implicit learning; Placebo hypoalgesia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; COGNITION; CONDITIONING; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXPECTATION; EXPLICIT STATE DEPENDENT LEARNING; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPOALGESIA; IMPLICIT STATE DEPENDENT LEARNING; LEARNING; MALE; NOCICEPTIVE STIMULATION; NORMAL HUMAN; PLACEBO EFFECT; STIMULUS RESPONSE; TACTILE STIMULATION; THERMAL STIMULATION;

EID: 79953148355     PISSN: 11787090     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/JPR.S15966     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Colloca L, Benedetti F. Placebos and painkillers: is mind as real as matter? Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005;6(7):545-552.
2. Benedetti F, Amanzio M. The neurobiology of placebo analgesia: from endogenous opioids to cholecystokinin. Prog Neurobiol. 1997; 52(2):109-125.
3. Benedetti F, Pollo A. The pharmacology of placebos. Int J Pain Med Palliative Care. 2001;1:42-48.
4. Benedetti F. How the doctor's words affect the patient's brain. Eval Health Prof. 2002;25(4):369-386.
5. Kirsch I, Rosadino MJ. Do double-blind studies with informed consent yield externally valid results? An empirical test. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1993;110(4):437-442.
6. Kirsch I, Weixel LJ. Double-blind versus deceptive administration of a placebo. Behav Neurosci. 1988;102(2):319-323.
7. Pollo A, Amanzio M, Arslanian A, Casadio C, Maggi G, Benedetti F. Response expectancies in placebo analgesia and their clinical relevance. Pain. 2001;93(1):77-84.
8. Butler C, Steptoe A. Placebo responses: an experimental study of psychophysiological processes in asthmatic volunteers. Br J Clin Psychol. 1986;25(Pt 3):173-183.
9. Luparello TJ, Leist N, Lourie CH, Sweet P. The interaction of psychologic stimuli and pharmacologic agents on airway reactivity in asthmatic subjects. Psychosom Med. 1970;32(5):509-513.
10. Voudouris NJ, Peck CL, Coleman G. The role of conditioning and verbal expectancy in the placebo response. Pain. 1990;43(1):121-128.
11. Voudouris NJ, Peck CL, Coleman G. Conditioned placebo responses. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985;48(1):47-53.
12. De Jong PJ, van Baast R, Arntz A, Merckelbach H. The placebo effect in pain reduction: the influence of conditioning experiences and response expectancies. Int J Behav Med. 1996;3(1):14-29.
13. Montgomery GH, Kirsch I. Classical conditioning and the placebo effect. Pain. 1997;72(1-2):107-113.
14. Price DD, Milling LS, Kirsch I, Duff A, Montgomery GH, Nicholls SS. An analysis of factors that contribute to the magnitude of placebo analgesia in an experimental paradigm. Pain. 1999;83(2):147-156.
15. Kirsch I. Specifying nonspecif ics: psychological mechanisms of placebo effects. In: Harrington A, editor. The Placebo Effect: An Interdisciplinary Exploration. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press; 1997:166-186.
16. Benedetti F, Amanzio M, Baldi S, et al. The specific effects of prior opioid exposure on placebo analgesia and placebo respiratory depression. Pain. 1998;75(2-3):313-319.
17. Benedetti F, Amanzio M, Baldi S, Casadio C, Maggi G. Inducing placebo respiratory depressant responses in humans via opioid receptors. Eur J Neurosci. 1999;11(2):625-631.
18. De Pascalis V, Chiaradia C, Carotenuto E. The contribution of suggestibility and expectation to placebo analgesia phenomenon in an experimental setting. Pain. 2002;96(3):393-402.
19. Vase L, Robinson ME, Verne GN, Price DD. The contributions of suggestion, desire, and expectation to placebo effects in irritable bowel syndrome patients. An empirical investigation. Pain. 2003;105(1-2): 17-25.
20. Katz J, Melzack R. Measurement of pain. Surg Clin North Am. 1999; 79(2):231-252.
21. Bijur PE, Latimer CT, Gallagher EJ. Validation of a verbally administered numerical rating scale of acute pain for use in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10(4):390-392.
22. Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J Clin Nurs. 2005;14(7):798-804.
23. Voudouris NJ, Peck CL, Coleman G. Conditioned response models of placebo phenomena: further support. Pain. 1989;38(1):109-116.
24. Seamon JG, Delgado MR. Recognition memory and affective preference for depth-rotated solid objects: part-based structural descriptions may underlie the mere exposure effect. Vis Cogn. 1999;6(2):145-164.
25. Nizhnikov ME, Pautassi RM, Truxell E, Spear NE. Opioid antagonists block the acquisition of ethanol-mediated conditioned tactile preference in infant rats. Alcohol. 2009;43(5):347-358.
26. Molina JC, Bannoura MD, Chotro MG, McKinzie DL, Arnold HM, Spear NE. Alcohol-mediated tactile conditioned aversions in infant rats: devaluation of conditioning through alcohol-sucrose associations. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 1996;66(2):121-132.
27. Clifton RK, Meyers WJ, Solomons G. Methodological problems in conditioning the headturning response of newborn infants. J Exp Child Psychol. 1972;13(1):29-42.
28. Amanzio M, Pollo A, Maggi G, Benedetti F. Response variability to analgesics: a role for non-specific activation of endogenous opioids. Pain. 2001;90(3):205-215.
29. Benedetti F, Maggi G, Lopiano L, et al. Open versus hidden medical treatments: the patient's knowledge about a therapy affects the therapy outcome. Prev Treat. 2003;6(1):article 1a. doi:10.1037/1522-3736.6.1.61a.
30. Colloca L, Lopiano L, Lanotte M, Benedetti F. Overt versus covert treatment for pain, anxiety, and Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2004;3(11):679-684.
31. Schell AM, Dawson ME, Marinkovic K. Effects of potentially phobic conditioned stimuli on retention, reconditioning, and extinction of the conditioned skin conductance response. Psychophysiology. 1991;28(2): 140-153.
32. Rabin BM, Rabin JS. Acquisition of radiation-and lithium chlorideinduced conditioned taste aversion in anesthetized rats. Anim Learn Behav. 1984;12:439-441.
33. Pang R, Turndorf H, Quartermain D. Pavlovian fear conditioning in mice anesthetized with halothane. Physiol Behav. 1996;59(4-5):873-875.
34. Ghoneim MM, Chen P, el-Zahaby HM, Block RI. Ketamine: acquisition and retention of classically conditioned responses during treatment with large doses. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1994;49(4):1061-1066.
35. Bermudez-Rattoni F, Forthman DL, Sanchez MA, Perez JL, Garcia J. Odor and taste aversions conditioned in anesthetized rats. Behav Neurosci. 1988;102(5):726-732.
36. Ghoneim MM, Block RI, Fowles DC. No evidence of classical conditioning of electrodermal responses during anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1992;76(5):682-688.
37. Baeyens F, Eelen P, Van den Bergh O, Crombez G. Flavor-flavor and color-flavor conditioning in humans. Learn Motiv. 1990;21(4): 434-455.
38. Stevenson RJ, Boakes RA, Prescott J. Changes in odor sweetness resulting from implicit learning of a simultaneous odor-sweetness association: an example of learned synesthesia. Learn Motiv. 1998; 29(2):113-132.
39. Stevenson RJ, Prescott J, Boakes RA. The acquisition of taste properties by odors. Learn Motiv. 1995;26(4):433-455.
40. Lovibond PF, Shanks DR. The role of awareness in pavlovian conditioning: empirical evidence and theoretical implications. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2002;28(1):3-26.
41. Wickramasekera I. A conditioned response model of the placebo effect predictions from the model. Biofeedback Self Regul. 1980;5(1): 5-18.
42. Benedetti F, Pollo A, Lopiano L, Lanotte M, Vighetti S, Rainero I. Conscious expectation and unconscious conditioning in analgesic, motor, and hormonal placebo/nocebo responses. J Neurosci. 2003; 23(10):4315-4323.
43. Finniss DG, Benedetti F. Mechanisms of the placebo response and their impact on clinical trials and clinical practice. Pain. 2005; 114(1-2):3-6.
44. Stewart-Williams S, Podd J. The placebo effect: dissolving the expectancy versus conditioning debate. Psychol Bull. 2004;130(2):324-340.