Inadequate coordination of maternal and infant HIV services detrimentally affects early infant diagnosis outcomes in lilongwe, Malawi

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volumn 56, Issue 5, 2011, Pages

  Braun, Maureen ^a,b   Kabue, Mark M ^c   McCollum, Eric D ^a,d   Ahmed, Saeed ^d   Kim, Maria ^d   Aertker, Leela ^a   Chirwa, Marko ^a   Eliya, Michael ^e   Mofolo, Innocent ^a   Hoffman, Irving ^f   Kazembe, Peter N ^c   Van Der Horst, Charles ^f   Kline, Mark W ^g   Hosseinipour, Mina C ^a,f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PROJECT   (Malawi)

^b PENN STATE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c Baylor Children's Foundation Malawi   (Malawi)

^d Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative   (Malawi)

^e MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Malawi)

^f UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^g TEXAS CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Africa; antiretroviral therapy; early infant diagnosis; HIV testing; pediatric HIV,Malawi; prevention of mother to child transmission

Indexed keywords

MATERNAL ANTIBODY; VIRUS DNA;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD CARE; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; EARLY INFANT DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICE; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV TEST; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFANT; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALAWI; MATERNAL CARE; MORTALITY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SURVIVAL RATE; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION;

EID: 79953043799     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31820a7f2f     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. UNICEF. Children and AIDS. Third Stocktaking Report 2008. New York, NY: UNICEF 2008.
2. World Health Organization. Towards Universal Access: Scaling up Priority Interventions in the Health Sector. Progress Report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO June 2008. Available at http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/towards-universal-access- report-2008.pdf. Accessed December 15, 2008.
3. UNAIDS. AIDS Epidemic Update 2007. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS, 2007.
4. Chilongozi D, Wang L, Brown L, et al. Morbidity and mortality among a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected and uninfected pregnant women and their infants from Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27:808-814.
5. Central Intelligence Agency.The World Factbook 2009. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency; 2009.
6. Malawi Ministry of Health. National AIDS Commission: 2006 Report on HIV/AIDS in Malawi. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health and Population, Malawi; 2006.
7. Moses A, Zimba C, Kamanga E, et al. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission: program changes and the effect on uptake of the HIVNET 012 regimen in Malawi. AIDS. 2008;22:83-87. (Pubitemid 350294881)
8. Manzi M, Zachariah R, Teck R, et al. High acceptability of voluntary counselling and HIV-testing but unacceptable loss to follow up in a prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in rural Malawi: scaling-up requires a different way of acting. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10:1242-1250. (Pubitemid 41789677)
9. Malawi Ministry of Health. Department of HIV and AIDS. Quarterly Report of the Antiretroviral Treatment Programme in Malawi with Results up to March 2010. Lilongwe, Malawi: Department of HIV and AIDS MoH 2010.
10. Lowrance D, Filler S, Makombe S, et al. Assessment of a national monitoring and evaluation system for rapid expansion of antiretroviral treatment in Malawi. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12:377-381. (Pubitemid 46280630)
11. Makombe S, Libamba E, Mhango E, et al. Who is accessing antiretroviral therapy during national scale-up in Malawi? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006;100:975-979. (Pubitemid 44177281)
12. Malawi Ministry of Health. ART Public and Private Sector 2007 Q4 Report. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health and Population, Malawi; 2007.
13. Malawi Ministry of Health. HIV Unit Annual Report 2008. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health and Population HIV Unit, Malawi 2008.
14. Spensley A, Sripipatana T, Turner AN, et al. Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in resource-limited settings: the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation experience. Am J Public Health. 2009;99: 631-637.
15. Davies MA, Keiser O, Technau K, et al. Outcomes of the South African National Antiretroviral Treatment Programme for children: the IeDEA Southern Africa collaboration. S Afr Med J. 2009;99:730-737.
16. McCollum ED, Preidis GA, Kabue MM, et al. Task shifting routine inpatient pediatric HIV testing improves program outcomes in urban Malawi: a retrospective observational study. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e9626.
17. Cherutich P, Inwani I, Nduati R, et al. Optimizing paediatric HIV care in Kenya: challenges in early infant diagnosis. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:155-160. (Pubitemid 351213719)
18. van der Horst C, Chasela C, Ahmed Y, et al. Modifications of a large HIV prevention clinical trial to fit changing realities: a case study of the Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral, and Nutrition (BAN) protocol in Lilongwe, Malawi. Contemp Clin Trials. 2009;30:24-33.
19. Malawi Ministry of Health. Treatment of AIDS: Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi. 2nd ed. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health and Population HIV Unit, Malawi; 2006.
20. Malawi Ministry of Health. Treatment of AIDS: Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi. 3rd ed. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health and Population HIV Unit, Malawi; 2008.
21. Sherman GG, Jones SA, Coovadia AH, et al. PMTCT from research to reality: results from a routine service. S Afr Med J. 2004;94:289-292. (Pubitemid 38585224)
22. Ginsburg AS, Miller A, Wilfert CM. Diagnosis of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection in resource-constrained settings. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25:1057-1064. (Pubitemid 44657817)
23. Stringer EM, Ekouevi DK, Coetzee D, et al. Coverage of nevirapine-based services to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in 4 African countries. JAMA. 2010;304:293-302.
24. Dunn D, HIV Paediatric Prognostic Markers Collaborative Study Group. Short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2003;362:1605-1611. (Pubitemid 37443527)
25. Violari A, Cotton MF, Gibb DM, et al. Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infants. N Engl J Med. 2008;359: 2233-2244.
26. Zachariah R, Harries AD, Manzi M, et al. Acceptance of anti-retroviral therapy among patients infected with HIV and tuberculosis in rural Malawi is low and associated with cost of transport. PLoS ONE. 2006;1: e121.
27. Jangam SR, Yamada DH, McFall SM, et al. Rapid, point of care extraction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviral DNA from whole blood for detection by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:2363-2368.
28. Knuchel MC, Jullu B, Shah C, et al. Adaptation of the ultrasensitive HIV-1 p24 antigen assay to dried blood spot testing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;44:247-253. (Pubitemid 46328339)
29. Braun J, Plantier JC, Hellot MF, et al. A new quantitative HIV load assay based on plasma virion reverse transcriptase activity for the different types, groups and subtypes. AIDS. 2003;17:331-336. (Pubitemid 36223257)
30. Ou CY, Yang H, Balinandi S, et al. Identification of HIV-1 infected infants and young children using real-time RT PCR and dried blood spots from Uganda and Cameroon. J Virol Methods. 2007;144:109-114. (Pubitemid 47103223)
31. Mahmud N, Rodriguez J, Nesbit J. Mobiles in Malawi: a text message-based intervention to bridge the patient-physician gap in the rural developing world. Am Med student Assoc Int Health J. 2010;6. Available at: http://www. globalpulsejournal.com.
32. Luzuriaga K, McManus M, Mofenson L, et al. A trial of three antiretroviral regimens in HIV-1-infected children. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2471-2480. (Pubitemid 38736544)
33. Nicholson O, Mellins C, Dolezal C, et al. HIV treatment-related knowledge and self-efficacy among caregivers of HIV-infected children. Patient Educ Couns. 2006;61:405-410. (Pubitemid 43767442)
34. KIDS-ART-LINC Collaboration. Low risk of death, but substantial program attrition, in pediatric HIV treatment cohorts in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;49:523-531.
35. Ahmed S, Kim M, Kanjelo K, et al. Using community health workers to improve identification, enrollment into care, and outcomes for HIV exposed infants at the Kawale health centre in Lilongwe, Malawi. XVIII International AIDS Conference, Vienna, Austria. Abstract WEPE0842.
36. Ahmed S, Kim M, Kanjelo K, et al. Using community health workers to improve identification and early referral to care of HIV-infected children. Presented at: International AIDS Society Conference; 2009; Cape Town, South Africa. Abstract TUPED090.
37. UNICEF. UNICEF Country Profile: Malawi. New York, NY: UNICEF 2006.
38. Rollins N, Little K, Mzolo S, et al. Surveillance of mother-to-child transmission prevention programmes at immunization clinics: The case for universal screening. AIDS. 2007;21:1341-1347. (Pubitemid 46883489)
39. Rollins N, Mzolo S, Moodley T, et al. Universal HIV testing of infants at immunization clinics: an acceptable and feasible approach for early infant diagnosis in high HIV prevalence settings. AIDS. 2009;23:1851-1857.
40. Kankasa C, Carter RJ, Briggs N, et al. Routine offering of HIV testing to hospitalized pediatric patients at university teaching hospital, Lusaka, Zambia: acceptability and feasibility. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009; 51:202-208.
41. Wanyenze RK, Nawavvu C, Ouma J, et al. Provider-initiated HIV testing for paediatric inpatients and their caretakers is feasible and acceptable. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15:113-119.
42. World Health Organization. Rapid Advice: Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV Infection in Infants. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO 2009.