Routine offering of HIV testing to hospitalized pediatric patients at university teaching hospital, Lusaka, Zambia: Acceptability and feasibility

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 202-208

  Kankasa, Chipepo ^a   Carter, Rosalind J ^b   Briggs, Nancy ^b   Bulterys, Marc ^c   Chama, Eslone ^a   Cooper, Ellen R ^d   Costa, Cristiane ^b   Spielman, Erica ^a   Katepa Bwalya, Mary ^a   M'Soka, Tendai ^a   Chola, Katai ^a   Ou, Chin Yih ^c,e   Abrams, Elaine J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL   (Zambia)

^b Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health ^*  (United States)

^c CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^d BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e Clinton Foundation HIV/AIDS Initiative   (China)

Author keywords

Africa; Early infant diagnosis; HIV testing; Pediatric HIV; Provider initiated testing and counseling

Indexed keywords

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ANTIBODY; VIRUS DNA;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; COUNSELING; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; FEMALE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PEDIATRIC WARD; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; ZAMBIA; BLOOD; CAREGIVER; INFANT; INFORMED CONSENT; NEWBORN; PARENT;

CAREGIVERS; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COUNSELING; DNA, VIRAL; FEMALE; HIV ANTIBODIES; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFORMED CONSENT; MALE; PARENTS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; ZAMBIA;

EID: 67649188880     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31819c173f     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. World Health Organization. Towards Universal Access: Scaling up Priority Interventions in the Health Sector. Progress Report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; June 2008. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/towards- universal-access-report-2008.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2009.
2. UNAIDS. AIDS Epidemic Update December 2007. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; November 2007. Available at: http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/ 2007-epiupdate-en.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2009.
3. Abrams EJ. Taking stock: triumphs and challenges in the field of pediatric HIV infection. Therapy. 2007;4:705-709.
4. Prendergast A, Tudor-Williams G, Jeena P, et al. International perspectives, progress and future challenges of pediatric HIV infection. Lancet. 2007;370:68-80.
5. Eley B, Nuttal J. Antiretroviral therapy for children: challenges and opportunities. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2007;27:1-10.
6. Kline MW Perspectives on the pediatric HIV/AIDS pandemic: catalyzing access of children to care and treatment. Pediatrics. 2006; 117:1388-1393.
7. Committee on Pediatric AIDS, Section on International Child Health. Increasing antiretroviral drug access for children with HIV infection. Pediatrics. 2007;119:838-845.
8. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral Therapy of HIV Infection in Infants and Children in Resource-Limited Settings: Towards Universal Access: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; September 2006. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/ pmtctguidelines3.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2009.
9. Ellis JC, L'homme RF, Ewings FM, et al. Nevirapine concentrations in HIV-infected children treated with divided fixed-dose combination antiretroviral tablets in Malawi and Zambia. Antivir Ther. 2007; 12: 253-260.
10. Chokephaibulkit K, Plipat N, Cressey TR, et al. Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV infected children receiving an adult fixed-dose combination of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine. AIDS. 2005;19:1495-1499.
11. Stringer E, Chi BH, Namwinga C, et al. Monitoring effectiveness of programs to prevent mother-to-child transmission in lower-income countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:57-62.
12. United Nations Children's Fund. Children and AIDS. Third Stocktaking Report, 2008. New York, NY: UNICEF, 2008. Available at: http://www.unicef. org/publications. Accessed March 20, 2009.
13. World Health Organization. Guidance on Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling in Health Facilities. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, May 2007. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241595568-eng.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2009.
14. Newell ML, Coovadia H, Cortina-Borja M, et al, and the Ghent International AIDS Society (IAS) Working Group on HIV Infection in Women and Children. Mortality of infected and uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers in Africa: a pooled analysis. Lancet. 2004;364: 1236-1243.
15. Jones SA, Sherman GG, Coovadia AH. Can clinical algorithms deliver an accurate diagnosis of HIV in infancy? Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83: 559-560.
16. Horwood C, Liebeschuetz S, Blaauw D, et al. Diagnosis of pediatric HIV infection in a primary health care setting with a clinical algorithm. Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81:858-866.
17. Vetter KM, Djomand G, Zadi F, et al. Clinical spectrum of HIV disease in children in a West African city. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996;15:438-442.
18. Rogerson SR, Gladstone M, Callaghan M, et al. HIV infection among paediatric in-patients in Blantyre, Malawi. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2004;98:544-552.
19. Reyburn H, Mwakasungula E, Chonya S, et al. Clinical assessment and treatment in paediatric wards in the north-east of the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:132-139.
20. International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs. Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants Using Dried Blood Spots: A Comprehensive Implementation and Clinical Manual. New York, NY: ICAP, 2007. Available at: http://www.columbia-icap.org/resources/peds/files/Infantdx050307.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2009.
21. Dunn DT, Brandt CD, Krivine A, et al. The sensitivity of HIV-1 DNA PCR in the neonatal period and the relative contributions of intra-uterine and intra-partum transmission. AIDS. 1995;9:F7-F11.
22. Ou CY, Yang H, Balinandi S, et al. Identification of HIV-1 infected infants and young children using real-time RT PCR and dried blood spots from Uganda and Cameroon. J Virol Methods. 2007;144:109-114.
23. Benjamin DK, Miller WC, Fiscus SA, et al. Rational testing of HIV exposed infant. Pediatrics. 2001;108;1-5.
24. Read J, and the Committee on Pedaitric AIDS. Diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in children younger than 18 months in the United States. Pediatrics. 2007;120:e1547-e1562.
25. Sherman GG, Jones SA, Coovadia MF, et al. PMTCT from research to reality-results of a routine service. S Afr Med J. 2004;94:289-292.
26. Marinda E, Humphrey JH, Iliff PJ, et al. Child mortality according to maternal and infant HIV status in Zimbabwe. Pediatric Infect Dis J. 2007; 26:519-526.
27. Mulenga V, Ford D, Walker AS, et al. Effect of cotrimoxazole on causes of death, hospital admissions and antibiotic use in HIV-infected children. AIDS. 2007;21:77-84.
28. Stringer JS, Zulu I, Levy J, et al. Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy at primary care sites in Zambia; feasibility and early outcomes. JAMA. 2006; 296:782-793.
29. Bolton-Moore C, Mubiana-Mbewe M, Cantrell RA, et al. Clinical outcomes and CD4 cell response in children receiving antiretroviral therapy at primary health care facilities in Zambia. JAMA. 2007;298:1888-1899.
30. Stringer JS, Sinkala M, Maclean CC, et al. Effectiveness of a city-wide program to prevent MTCT. AIDS. 2005;19:1309-1315.
31. Sherman GG, Stevens G, Jones SA, et al. Dried blood spots improve access to HIV diagnosis and care for infants in low-resource settings. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;38:615-617.
32. Stevens W, Sherman G, Downing R, et al. Role of the laboratory in ensuring global access to ARV treatment for HIV-infected children: consensus statement on the performance of laboratory assays for early infant diagnosis. Open AIDS J. 2008;2:28-36.
33. DeBaets A, Bulterys M, Abrams EJ, et al. Care and treatment of HIV-infected children in Africa: issues and challenges at the district hospital level. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26:163-173.
34. Kuhn L, Kasonde P, Sinkala M, et al. Does severity of HIV disease in HIV-infected mothers affect mortality and morbidity among their uninfected infants? Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:1654-1661.
35. Chhagan MK, Kauchali S. Comorbidities and mortality among children hospitalized with diarrneal disease in an area of high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25:333-338.
36. Rabie H, de Boer A, Van den Bos S, et al. Children with human immunodeficiency virus infection admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit in South Africa. J Trop Pediatr. 2007;53:270-273.
37. De Cock KM, Bunnell R, Mermin J. Unfinished business - expanding HIV testing in developing countries. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:440-442.
38. Sanders G, Bayoumi AM, Sundaram V, et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening for HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:570-585.
39. DeCock KM, Marum E, Mbori-Ngacha D. A serostatus-based approach to HIV/AIDS prevention and care in Africa. Lancet. 2003;362: 1847-1849.
40. Bunnell R, Mermin J, DeCock KM. HIV prevention for a threatened continent. Implementing positive prevention in Africa. JAMA. 2006;296: 855-858.
41. Violari A, Cotton MF, Gibb DM, et al. Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infants. N Engl J Med. 2008;359: 2233-2244.
42. Moses A, Zimba C, Kamanga E, et al. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission: program changes and the effect on uptake of the HIVNET 012 regimen in Malawi. AIDS. 2008;22:83-87.
43. Homsy J, Kalamya JN, Obonya J, et al. Routine intrapartum HIV counseling and testing for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a rural Ugandan hospital. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;42: 149-154.
44. Creek TL, Ntumy R, Seipone K, et al. Successful introduction of routine opt-out HIV testing in antenatal care in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;45:102-107.
45. Sripipatana T, Spensley A, Miller A, et al. Site-specific interventions to improve prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;917:S107-S112.
46. Bassett IV, Giddy J, Nkera J, et al. Routine voluntary HIV testing in Durban, South Africa: the experience from an outpatient department. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;46:181-186.
47. Samb B, Celletti F, Holloway J, et al. Rapid expansion of the health workforce in response to the HIV epidemic. N Engl J Med. 2007;357: 2510-2514.
48. Iliff PJ, Piwoz EG, Tavengwa NV, et al. Early exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission and increases HIV-free survival. AIDS. 2005;19:699-708.
49. Kuhn L, Aldrovandi G, Sinkala M, et al. Effects of early abrupt weaning for HIV-free survival of children in Zambia. N Engl J Med. 2008;359: 130-141.
50. Ginsburg AS, Miller A, Wilfert CM. Diagnosis of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection in resource-constrained settings. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25:1057-1064.
51. Creek T, Tanuri A, Smith M, et al. Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus in infants using polymerase chain reaction on dried blood spots in Botswana's national program for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27:22-26.
52. Chi BH, Chintu N, Lee A, et al. Expanded services for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission: field acceptability of a pilot program in Lusaka, Zambia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007:45; 125-127.
53. Abrams EJ, Myers L, Rosenfield A, et al. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission services as a gateway to family-based HIV care and treatment in resource-limited settings: rationale and international experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197:S101-S106.