Trace-strength and source-monitoring accounts of accuracy and metacognitive resolution in the misinformation paradigm

Applied Cognitive Psychology

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 324-335

  Higham, Philip A ^a   Luna, Karlos ^b   Bloomfield, Jessica ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINHO   (Portugal)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ADULT; ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRIME; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INFORMATION SEEKING; MALE; MEMORY; PHOTOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECOGNITION; SOURCE MONITORING; TASK PERFORMANCE; TRACE STRENGTH;

EID: 79953041982     PISSN: 08884080     EISSN: 10990720     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/acp.1694     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Bekerian, D. A., & Bowers, J. M. (1983). Eyewitness testimony: Were we misled? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 9, 139-145.
2. Belli, R. F. (1989). Influences of misleading postevent information: Misinformation interference and acceptance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 72-85.
3. Blank, H. (1998). Memory states and memory tasks: An integrative framework for eyewitness memory and suggestibility. Memory, 6, 481-529.
4. Bonham, A. J., & González-Vallejo, C. (2009). Assessment of calibration for reconstructed eye-witness memories. Acta Psychologica, 131, 34-52.
5. Bothwell, R. K., Deffenbacher, K. A., & Brigham, J. C. (1987). Correlation of eyewitness accuracy and confidence: Optimality hypothesis revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 691-695.
6. Chambers, K. L., & Zaragoza, M. S. (2001). Intended and unintended effects of explicit warnings on eyewitness suggestibility: Evidence from source identification tests. Memory & Cognition, 29, 1120-1129.
7. Christiaansen, R. E., & Ochalek, K. (1983). Editing misleading information from memory: Evidence for the coexistence of original and postevent information. Memory & Cognition, 11, 467-475.
8. Cole, W. G., & Loftus, E. F. (1979). Incorporating new information into memory. American Journal of Psychology, 92, 413-425.
9. Dougherty, M. R. P. (2001). Integration of the ecological and error models of overconfidence using a multiple-trace memory model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 579-599.
10. Dougherty, M. R. P., Gettys, C. F., & Ogden, E. E. (1999). MINERVA-DM: A memory processes model for judgments of likelihood. Psychological Review, 106, 180-209.
11. Goldsmith, G., & Koriat, A. (2008). The strategic regulation of memory accuracy and informativeness. In A. Benjamin, & B. Ross (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation, Vol. 48: Memory use as skilled cognition (pp. 307-324). San Diego, USA: Elsevier.
12. Greene, E., Flynn, M. S., & Loftus, E. F. (1982). Inducing resistance to misleading information. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21, 207-219.
13. Higham, P. A. (1998). Believing details known to have been suggested. British Journal of Psychology, 89, 265-283.
14. Higham, P. A. (2002). Strong cues are not necessarily weak: Thomson and Tulving (1970) and the encoding specificity principle revisited. Memory & Cognition, 30, 67-80.
15. Higham, P. A. (2007). No special K! A signal detection framework for the strategic regulation of memory accuracy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136, 1-22.
16. Higham, P. A. (in press) Accuracy discrimination and type-2 signal detection theory: Clarifications, extensions, and an analysis of bias. In P. A. Higham, & J. P. Leboe (Eds.), Constructions of remembering and metacognition: Essays in honor of Bruce Whittlesea. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave-MacMillan.
17. Higham, P. A., & Arnold, M. M. (2007a). Beyond reliability and validity: The role of metacognition in psychological testing. In R. A. Degregorio (Ed.), New developments in psychological testing (pp. 139-162). Hauppauge, USA: Nova Science.
18. Higham, P. A., & Arnold, M. M. (2007b). How many questions should I answer? Using bias profiles to estimate optimal bias and maximum score on formula-scored tests. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 19, 718-742.
19. Higham, P. A., & Tam, H. (2005). Generation failure: Estimating metacognition in cued recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 52, 595-617.
20. Hintzman, D. L. (1988). Judgments of frequency and recognition memory in a multiple-trace memory model. Psychological Review, 95, 528-551.
21. Holmes, J. B., Waters, H. S., & Rajaram, S. (1998). The phenomenology of false memories: Episodic content and confidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 1026-1040.
22. Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 3-28.
23. Koriat, A., & Goldsmith, M. (1996). Monitoring and control processes in the strategic regulation of memory accuracy. Psychological Review, 103, 490-517.
24. Lindsay, D. S. (1990). Misleading suggestions can impair eyewitnesses' ability to remember event details. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 1077-1083.
25. Lindsay, D. S. (2008). Source monitoring. In Roediger H. L III (Ed.), Cognitive psychology of memory (Vol 2 of Learning and memory: A comprehensive reference 4 vols J Byrne Editor.), (pp. 325-348). Oxford: Elsevier.
26. Lindsay, D. S., & Johnson, M. K. (1989). The eyewitness suggestibility effect and memory for source. Memory & Cognition, 17, 349-358.
27. Lindsay, D. S., Read, J. D., & Sharma, K. (1998). Accuracy and confidence in person identification. The relationship is strong when witnessing conditions vary widely. Psychological Science, 9, 215-218.
28. Loftus, E. F. (2005). Planting misinformation in the human mind: A 30-year investigation of the malleability of memory. Learning and Memory, 12, 361-366.
29. Loftus, E. F., Donders, K., Hoffman, H. G., & Schooler, J. W. (1989). Creating new memories that are quickly accessed and confidently held. Memory & Cognition, 17, 607-616.
30. Loftus, E. F., Miller, D. G., & Burns, H. J. (1978). Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4, 19-31.
31. Luna, K., & Migueles, M. (2009). Acceptance of central and peripheral misinformation and confidence. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12, 405-413.
32. McCloskey, M., & Zaragoza, M. (1985). Misleading postevent information and memory for events: Arguments and evidence against memory impairment hypotheses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 1-16.
33. Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (2005). Detection theory. Mahwah, USA: Erlbaum.
34. Nelson, T. O. (1984). A comparison of current measures of the accuracy of feeling-of-knowing predictions. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 109-133.
35. Roebers, C. M., & Schneider, W. (2005). The strategic regulation of children's memory performance and suggestibility. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 91, 24-44.
36. Ryan, R. H., & Geiselman, R. E. (1991). Effect of biased information on the relationship between eyewitness confidence and accuracy. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 29, 7-9.
37. Tomes, J. L., & Katz, A. N. (2000). Confidence-accuracy relations for real and suggested events. Memory, 8, 273-283.
38. Vornik, L. A., Sharman, S. J., & Garry, M. (2003). The power of the spoken word: Sociolinguistic cues influence the misinformation effect. Memory, 11, 101-109.
39. Weingardt, K. R., Leonesio, R. J., & Loftus, E. F. (1994). Viewing eyewitness research from a metacognitive perspective. In J. Metcalfe, & A. P. Shimamura (Eds.), Metacognition: Knowing about knowing (pp. 157-184). Cambridge, USA: The MIT Press.
40. Zaragoza, M. S., & Lane, S. M. (1994). Source misattributions and the suggestibility of eyewitness memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 934-945.