Special surgical considerations for functional brain mapping

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 111-132

  Kekhia, Hussein ^a   Rigolo, Laura ^a   Norton, Isaiah ^a   Golby, Alexandra J ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Functional brain mapping; Imaging; Presurgical planning; Surgery

Indexed keywords

BRAIN MAPPING; CEREBROVASCULAR MALFORMATION; COMPUTER ANALYSIS; DEVICE SAFETY; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; EPILEPSY; FUNCTIONAL BRAIN MAPPING; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; GLIOMA; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LANGUAGE PROCESSING; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; NON INVASIVE MEASUREMENT; PATIENT SELECTION; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; SURGICAL APPROACH; SURGICAL INJURY; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TREATMENT PLANNING; VALIDITY;

BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; EPILEPSY; HUMANS; LANGUAGE; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; PATIENT CARE PLANNING; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREOPERATIVE CARE; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SOFTWARE;

EID: 79952824939     PISSN: 10423680     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2011.01.004     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. Archip N., Clatz O., Whalen S., et al. Non-rigid alignment of pre-operative MRI, fMRI, and DT-MRI with intra-operative MRI for enhanced visualization and navigation in image-guided neurosurgery. Neuroimage 2007, 35(2):609-624.
2. Yoo S.S., Talos I.F., Golby A.J., et al. Evaluating requirements for spatial resolution of fMRI for neurosurgical planning. Hum Brain Mapp 2004, 21(1):34-43.
3. Rolls E.T., Grabenhorst F., Franco L. Prediction of subjective affective state from brain activations. J Neurophysiol 2009, 101(3):1294-1308.
4. Iwasaki S., Nakagawa H., Fukusumi A., et al. Identification of pre- and postcentral gyri on CT and MR images on the basis of the medullary pattern of cerebral white matter. Radiology 1991, 179(1):207-213.
5. Ojemann G.A. Individual variability in cortical localization of language. J Neurosurg 1979, 50(2):164-169.
6. Steinmetz H., Furst G., Freund H.J. Variation of perisylvian and calcarine anatomic landmarks within stereotaxic proportional coordinates. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1990, 11(6):1123-1130.
7. Wada J. A new method for determination of the side of cerebral speech dominance: a preliminary report on the intracarotid injection of sodium amytal in man. Igaku to Seibutsugaki 1949, 14:221-222.
8. Tharin S., Golby A.J. Functional brain mapping and its applications to neurosurgery. Neurosurgery 2007, 60(4 Suppl 2):185-201. [discussion: 201-2].
9. Sack A.T., Linden D.E. Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional imaging in cognitive brain research: possibilities and limitations. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2003, 43(1):41-56.
10. Nimsky C., Ganslandt O., Kober H., et al. Integration of functional magnetic resonance imaging supported by magnetoencephalography in functional neuronavigation. Neurosurgery 1999, 44(6):1249-1255. [discussion: 1255-6].
11. Maldjian J.A., Schulder M., Liu W.C., et al. Intraoperative functional MRI using a real-time neurosurgical navigation system. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1997, 21(6):910-912.
12. McDonald J.D., Chong B.W., Lewine J.D., et al. Integration of preoperative and intraoperative functional brain mapping in a frameless stereotactic environment for lesions near eloquent cortex. Technical note. J Neurosurg 1999, 90(3):591-598.
13. Gumprecht H., Ebel G.K., Auer D.P., et al. Neuronavigation and functional MRI for surgery in patients with lesion in eloquent brain areas. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2002, 45(3):151-153.
14. Schulder M., Maldjian J.A., Liu W.C., et al. Functional image-guided surgery of intracranial tumors located in or near the sensorimotor cortex. J Neurosurg 1998, 89(3):412-418.
15. Lee C.C., Ward H.A., Sharbrough F.W., et al. Assessment of functional MR imaging in neurosurgical planning. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999, 20(8):1511-1519.
16. Petrella J.R., Shah L.M., Harris K.M., et al. Preoperative functional MR imaging localization of language and motor areas: effect on therapeutic decision making in patients with potentially resectable brain tumors. Radiology 2006, 240(3):793-802.
17. Pirotte B., Acerbi F., Lubansu A., et al. PET imaging in the surgical management of pediatric brain tumors. Childs Nerv Syst 2007, 23(7):739-751.
18. Wheless J.W., Willmore L.J., Breier J.I., et al. A comparison of magnetoencephalography, MRI, and V-EEG in patients evaluated for epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia 1999, 40(7):931-941.
19. Maestu F., Ortiz T., Fernandez A., et al. Spanish language mapping using MEG: a validation study. Neuroimage 2002, 17(3):1579-1586.
20. Neggers S.F., Langerak T.R., Schutter D.J.L.G., et al. A stereotactic method for image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation validated with fMRI and motor-evoked potentials. Neuroimage 2004, 21(4):1805-1817.
21. Arora J., Pugh K., Westerveld M., et al. Language lateralization in epilepsy patients: fMRI validated with the Wada procedure. Epilepsia 2009, 50(10):2225-2241.
22. Doss R.C., Zhang W., Risse G.L., et al. Lateralizing language with magnetic source imaging: validation based on the Wada test. Epilepsia 2009, 50(10):2242-2248.
23. Signorelli F., Guyotat J., Schneider F., et al. Technical refinements for validating functional MRI-based neuronavigation data by electrical stimulation during cortical language mapping. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2003, 46(5):265-268.
24. Giussani C., Roux F.E., Ojemann J., et al. Is preoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging reliable for language areas mapping in brain tumor surgery? Review of language functional magnetic resonance imaging and direct cortical stimulation correlation studies. Neurosurgery 2010, 66(1):113-120.
25. Tieleman A., Deblaere K., Van Roost D., et al. Preoperative fMRI in tumour surgery. Eur Radiol 2009, 19(10):2523-2534.
26. FitzGerald D.B., Cosgrove G.R., Ronner S., et al. Location of language in the cortex: a comparison between functional MR imaging and electrocortical stimulation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997, 18(8):1529-1539.
27. Haglund M.M., Berger M.S., Shamseldin M., et al. Cortical localization of temporal lobe language sites in patients with gliomas. Neurosurgery 1994, 34(4):567-576. [discussion: 576].
28. Roux F.E., Boulanouar K., Ranjeva J.P., et al. Usefulness of motor functional MRI correlated to cortical mapping in Rolandic low-grade astrocytomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1999, 141(1):71-79.
29. Mueller W.M., Yetkin F.Z., Hammeke T.A., et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging mapping of the motor cortex in patients with cerebral tumors. Neurosurgery 1996, 39(3):515-520. [discussion: 520-1].
30. Steinmetz H., Seitz R.J. Functional anatomy of language processing: neuroimaging and the problem of individual variability. Neuropsychologia 1991, 29(12):1149-1161.
31. Liu T.T., Behzadi Y., Restom K., et al. Caffeine alters the temporal dynamics of the visual BOLD response. Neuroimage 2004, 23(4):1402-1413.
32. Behzadi Y., Liu T.T. Caffeine reduces the initial dip in the visual BOLD response at 3 T. Neuroimage 2006, 32(1):9-15.
33. Chee M.W., Choo W.C. Functional imaging of working memory after 24 hr of total sleep deprivation. J Neurosci 2004, 24(19):4560-4567.
34. Corbetta M., Miezin F.M., Dobmeyer S., et al. Selective and divided attention during visual discriminations of shape, color, and speed: functional anatomy by positron emission tomography. J Neurosci 1991, 11(8):2383-2402.
35. Tartaglia M.C., Narayanan S., Arnold D.L. Mental fatigue alters the pattern and increases the volume of cerebral activation required for a motor task in multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue. Eur J Neurol 2008, 15(4):413-419.
36. Maisog J.M., Chmielowska J. An efficient method for correcting the edge artifact due to smoothing. Hum Brain Mapp 1998, 6(3):128-136.
37. Tie Y., Whalen S., Suarez R.O., et al. Group independent component analysis of language fMRI from word generation tasks. Neuroimage 2008, 42(3):1214-1225.
38. Abduljalil A.M., Robitaille P.M. Macroscopic susceptibility in ultra high field MRI. II: acquisition of spin echo images from the human head. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999, 23(6):842-844.
39. Krings T., Reinges M.H.T., Erberich S., et al. Functional MRI for presurgical planning: problems, artefacts, and solution strategies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001, 70(6):749-760.
40. Hajnal J.V., Myers R., Oatridge A., et al. Artifacts due to stimulus correlated motion in functional imaging of the brain. Magn Reson Med 1994, 31(3):283-291.
41. Devlin J.T., Russell R.P., Davis M.H., et al. Susceptibility-induced loss of signal: comparing PET and fMRI on a semantic task. Neuroimage 2000, 11(6 Pt 1):589-600.
42. Sharon D., Hämäläinen M.S., Tootell R.B.H., et al. The advantage of combining MEG and EEG: comparison to fMRI in focally stimulated visual cortex. Neuroimage 2007, 36(4):1225-1235.
43. Liu A.K., Dale A.M., Belliveau J.W. Monte Carlo simulation studies of EEG and MEG localization accuracy. Hum Brain Mapp 2002, 16(1):47-62.
44. Golby A.J., Kindlmann G., Norton I. Interactive diffusion tensor tractography visualization for neurosurgical planning. Neurosurgery 2011, 68(2):496-505.
45. Lin W., An H., Chen Y., et al. Practical consideration for 3T imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2003, 11:615-639.
46. Alkadhi H., Kollias S.S., Creilier G.R., et al. Plasticity of the human motor cortex in patients with arteriovenous malformations: a functional MR imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000, 21(8):1423-1433.
47. Bellgowan P.S., Bandettini P.A., van Gelderen P., et al. Improved BOLD detection in the medial temporal region using parallel imaging and voxel volume reduction. Neuroimage 2006, 29(4):1244-1251.
48. Goebel R. Brainvoyager: a program for analyzing and visualizing functional and structural magnetic resonance data sets. Neuroimage 1996, 3(3):S604.
49. O'Donnell L.J., Westin C.F., Norton I., et al. The fiber laterality histogram: a new way to measure white matter asymmetry. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 2010, 13(Pt 2):225-232.
50. Wu J.S., Zhou L.F., Tang W.J., et al. Clinical evaluation and follow-up outcome of diffusion tensor imaging-based functional neuronavigation: a prospective, controlled study in patients with gliomas involving pyramidal tracts. Neurosurgery 2007, 61(5):935-948. [discussion: 948-9].
51. Jannin P., Morandi X., Fleig O.J., et al. Integration of sulcal and functional information for multimodal neuronavigation. J Neurosurg 2002, 96(4):713-723.
52. Kamada K., Houkin K., Takeuchi F., et al. Visualization of the eloquent motor system by integration of MEG, functional, and anisotropic diffusion-weighted MRI in functional neuronavigation. Surg Neurol 2003, 59(5):352-361. [discussion: 361-2].
53. Rasmussen I.A., Lindseth F., Rygh O.M., et al. Functional neuronavigation combined with intra-operative 3D ultrasound: initial experiences during surgical resections close to eloquent brain areas and future directions in automatic brain shift compensation of preoperative data. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2007, 149(4):365-378.
54. Krishnan R., Raabe A., Hattingen E., et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging-integrated neuronavigation: correlation between lesion-to-motor cortex distance and outcome. Neurosurgery 2004, 55(4):904-914. [discussion: 914-5].
55. Nabavi A., Black P., Gering D., et al. Serial intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging of brain shift. Neurosurgery 2001, 48(4):787-797. [discussion: 797-8].
56. Nimsky C., Ganslandt O., Cermy S., et al. Quantification of, visualization of, and compensation for brain shift using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurgery 2000, 47(5):1070-1079. [discussion: 1079-80].
57. Nimsky C., Ganslandt O., Hastreiter P., et al. Intraoperative compensation for brain shift. Surg Neurol 2001, 56(6):357-364. [discussion: 364-5].
58. Hata N., Nabavi A., Wells W.M., et al. Three-dimensional optical flow method for measurement of volumetric brain deformation from intraoperative MR images. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2000, 24(4):531-538.
59. Colen R.R., Kekhia H., Jolesz F.A. Multimodality intraoperative MRI for brain tumor surgery. Expert Rev Neurother 2010, 10(10):1545-1558.
60. Reinges M.H., Nguyen H.H., Krings T., et al. Course of brain shift during microsurgical resection of supratentorial cerebral lesions: limits of conventional neuronavigation. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2004, 146(4):369-377. [discussion: 377].
61. Kekhia H, Colen R, Oguro S, et al. Assessing the significance of intraoperative MRI in glioma surgery: a controlled Volumetric Analysis. Presented at: Spring 2010 Symposium for Research Excellence Awards, Brigham and Women's Hospital. Boston (MA), May 25, 2010.
62. Archip N., Clatz O., Whalen S., et al. Compensation of geometric distortion effects on intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging for enhanced visualization in image-guided neurosurgery. Neurosurgery 2008, 62(3 Suppl 1):209-215. [discussion: 215-6].
63. Zhuang D.X., Liu YX., Wu JS., et al. A sparse intraoperative data-driven biomechanical model to compensate for brain shift during neuronavigation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010, 32(2):395.
64. Nimsky C., Ganslandt O., Hastreiter P., et al. Preoperative and intraoperative diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tracking in glioma surgery. Neurosurgery 2005, 56(1):130-137. [discussion: 138].
65. Rizzolatti G., Luppino G., Matelli M. The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998, 106(4):283-296.
66. Hirsch J., Ruge M.I., Kim K.H.S., et al. An integrated functional magnetic resonance imaging procedure for preoperative mapping of cortical areas associated with tactile, motor, language, and visual functions. Neurosurgery 2000, 47(3):711-721. [discussion: 721-2].
67. Golaszewski S.M., Siedentopf C.M., Koppelstaetter F., et al. Human brain structures related to plantar vibrotactile stimulation: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroimage 2006, 29(3):923-929.
68. Gasser T.G., Sandalcioglu E.I., Wiedemayer H., et al. A novel passive functional MRI paradigm for preoperative identification of the somatosensory cortex. Neurosurg Rev 2004, 27(2):106-112.
69. Stippich C., Ochmann H., Sartor K. Somatotopic mapping of the human primary sensorimotor cortex during motor imagery and motor execution by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosci Lett 2002, 331(1):50-54.
70. Feigl G.C., Safavi-Abbass S., Gharabaghi A., et al. Real-time 3T fMRI data of brain tumour patients for intra-operative localization of primary motor areas. Eur J Surg Oncol 2008, 34(6):708-715.
71. Liu H., Buckner R.L., Talukdar T., et al. Task-free presurgical mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging intrinsic activity. J Neurosurg 2009, 111(4):746-754.
72. Biswal B., Yetkin F.Z., Haughton V.M., et al. Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI. Magn Reson Med 1995, 34(4):537-541.
73. Damoiseaux J.S., Rombouts S., Barkhif F., et al. Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006, 103(37):13848-13853.
74. Fransson P., Skiöld B., Horsch S., et al. Resting-state networks in the infant brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007, 104(39):15531-15536.
75. Krings T., Buchbinder, Butler W.E., et al. Stereotactic transcranial magnetic stimulation: correlation with direct electrical cortical stimulation. Neurosurgery 1997, 41(6):1319-1325. [discussion: 1325-6].
76. Skirboll S.S., Ojemann G.A., Berger M.S., et al. Functional cortex and subcortical white matter located within gliomas. Neurosurgery 1996, 38(4):678-684. [discussion: 684-5].
77. Moller-Hartmann W., Krings T., Coenen VA., et al. Preoperative assessment of motor cortex and pyramidal tracts in central cavernoma employing functional and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Surg Neurol 2002, 58(5):302-307. [discussion: 308].
78. Parmar H., Sitoh Y.Y., Yeo T.T. Combined magnetic resonance tractography and functional magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of brain tumors involving the motor system. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2004, 28(4):551-556.
79. Witwer B.P., Moftakhar R., Hasan KM., et al. Diffusion-tensor imaging of white matter tracts in patients with cerebral neoplasm. J Neurosurg 2002, 97(3):568-575.
80. Tummala R.P., Chu RM., Liu H., et al. Application of diffusion tensor imaging to magnetic-resonance-guided brain tumor resection. Pediatr Neurosurg 2003, 39(1):39-43.
81. Loddenkemper T., Morris H.H., Moddel G. Complications during the Wada test. Epilepsy Behav 2008, 13(3):551-553.
82. Smith I.M., McGlone J., Fox A.J. Intracarotid amobarbital memory protocol: muteness, dysphasia, and variations in arterial distribution of the drug do not affect recognition results. J Epilepsy 1993, 6:75-84.
83. Binder J.R., Swanson S.J., Hammeke T.A., et al. Determination of language dominance using functional MRI: a comparison with the Wada test. Neurology 1996, 46(4):978-984.
84. Bahn M.M., Lin W., Silbergeld D.L., et al. Localization of language cortices by functional MR imaging compared with intracarotid amobarbital hemispheric sedation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997, 169(2):575-579.
85. Hertz-Pannier L., Gaillard W.D., Mott S.H., et al. Noninvasive assessment of language dominance in children and adolescents with functional MRI: a preliminary study. Neurology 1997, 48(4):1003-1012.
86. Benson R.R., FitzGerald D.B., LeSueur L.L., et al. Language dominance determined by whole brain functional MRI in patients with brain lesions. Neurology 1999, 52(4):798-809.
87. Fernandes M.A., Smith M.L., Logan W., et al. Comparing language lateralization determined by dichotic listening and fMRI activation in frontal and temporal lobes in children with epilepsy. Brain Lang 2006, 96(1):106-114.
88. Sabbah P., Chassoux F., Leveque C., et al. Functional MR imaging in assessment of language dominance in epileptic patients. Neuroimage 2003, 18(2):460-467.
89. Woermann F.G., Jokeit H., Luerding R., et al. Language lateralization by Wada test and fMRI in 100 patients with epilepsy. Neurology 2003, 61(5):699-701.
90. Fernandez G., Specht K., Weis S., et al. Intrasubject reproducibility of presurgical language lateralization and mapping using fMRI. Neurology 2003, 60(6):969-975.
91. Deblaere K., Boon P.A., Vandemaele P., et al. MRI language dominance assessment in epilepsy patients at 1.0 T: region of interest analysis and comparison with intracarotid amytal testing. Neuroradiology 2004, 46(6):413-420.
92. Vernooij M.W., Smits M., Wielopolski P.A., et al. Fiber density asymmetry of the arcuate fasciculus in relation to functional hemispheric language lateralization in both right- and left-handed healthy subjects: a combined fMRI and DTI study. Neuroimage 2007, 35(3):1064-1076.
93. Powell H.W., Parker G.J.M., Alexander D.C., et al. Hemispheric asymmetries in language-related pathways: a combined functional MRI and tractography study. Neuroimage 2006, 32(1):388-399.
94. Propper R.E., O'Donnell L.J., Whalen S., et al. A combined fMRI and DTI examination of functional language lateralization and arcuate fasciculus structure: effects of degree versus direction of hand preference. Brain Cogn 2010, 73(2):85-92.
95. Papanicolaou A.C., Simos P.G., Castillo E.M., et al. Magnetocephalography: a noninvasive alternative to the Wada procedure. J Neurosurg 2004, 100(5):867-876.
96. Deblaere K., Backes W., Hofman P., et al. Developing a comprehensive presurgical functional MRI protocol for patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: a pilot study. Neuroradiology 2002, 44(8):667-673.
97. Vikingstad E.M., George K.P., Johnson A.F., et al. Cortical language lateralization in right handed normal subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol Sci 2000, 175(1):17-27.
98. Seghier M.L., Lazeyras F., Pegna A.J., et al. Variability of fMRI activation during a phonological and semantic language task in healthy subjects. Hum Brain Mapp 2004, 23(3):140-155.
99. Weber B., Wellmer J., Schür S., et al. Presurgical language fMRI in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy: effects of task performance. Epilepsia 2006, 47(5):880-886.
100. Palmer E.D., Rosen H.J., Ojemann J.G., et al. An event-related fMRI study of overt and covert word stem completion. Neuroimage 2001, 14(1 Pt 1):182-193.
101. Gaillard W.D., Balsamo L., Xu B., et al. Language dominance in partial epilepsy patients identified with an fMRI reading task. Neurology 2002, 59(2):256-265.
102. Plate K.H., Breier G., Weich H.A., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and glioma angiogenesis: coordinate induction of VEGF receptors, distribution of VEGF protein and possible in vivo regulatory mechanisms. Int J Cancer 1994, 59(4):520-529.
103. Ariza A., Fernandez L.A., Inagami T., et al. Renin in glioblastoma multiforme and its role in neovascularization. Am J Clin Pathol 1988, 90(4):437-441.
104. Jain R.K., Munn L.L., Fukumura D. Dissecting tumour pathophysiology using intravital microscopy. Nat Rev Cancer 2002, 2(4):266-276.
105. Shweiki D., Itin A., Soffer D., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis. Nature 1992, 359(6398):843-845.
106. Plate K.H., Breier G., Weich H.A., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a potential tumour angiogenesis factor in human gliomas in vivo. Nature 1992, 359(6398):845-848.
107. Helmlinger G., Yuan F., Dellian M., et al. Interstitial pH and pO2 gradients in solid tumors in vivo: high-resolution measurements reveal a lack of correlation. Nat Med 1997, 3(2):177-182.
108. Russell S.M., Kelly P.J. Incidence and clinical evolution of postoperative deficits after volumetric stereotactic resection of glial neoplasms involving the supplementary motor area. Neurosurgery 2007, 61(Suppl 1):358-367. [discussion: 367-8].
109. Latchaw R.E., Hu X., Ugurbil K., et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging as a management tool for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 1995, 37(4):619-625. [discussion: 625-6].
110. Maldjian J., Atlas S.W., Howard R.S., et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of regional brain activity in patients with intracerebral arteriovenous malformations before surgical or endovascular therapy. J Neurosurg 1996, 84(3):477-483.
111. Duffau H., Fontaine D. Successful resection of a left insular cavernous angioma using neuronavigation and intraoperative language mapping. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2005, 147(2):205-208. [discussion: 208].
112. Juenger H., Ressel V., Braun C., et al. Misleading functional magnetic resonance imaging mapping of the cortical hand representation in a 4-year-old boy with an arteriovenous malformation of the central region. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2009, 4(4):333-338.
113. Pouratian N., Bookheimer S.Y., Rex D.E., et al. Utility of preoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging for identifying language cortices in patients with vascular malformations. J Neurosurg 2002, 97(1):21-32.
114. Cannestra A.F., Pouratian N., Forage J., et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging for dominant-hemisphere perisylvian arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 2004, 55(4):804-812. [discussion: 812-4].
115. Vincent J.L., Snyder A.Z., Fox M.D., et al. Coherent spontaneous activity identifies a hippocampal-parietal memory network. J Neurophysiol 2006, 96(6):3517-3531.
116. Yu H.Y., Shih Y.H., Su T.P., et al. The Wada memory test and prediction of outcome after anterior temporal lobectomy. J Clin Neurosci 2010, 17(7):857-861.
117. Adcock J.E., Wise R.G., Oxbury J.M., et al. Quantitative fMRI assessment of the differences in lateralization of language-related brain activation in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroimage 2003, 18(2):423-438.
118. Mamelak A.N., Lopez N., Akhatari M., et al. Magnetoencephalography-directed surgery in patients with neocortical epilepsy. J Neurosurg 2002, 97(4):865-873.
119. Paesschen W.V. Ictal SPECT. Epilepsia 2004, 45:35-40.
120. Theodore W.H., Sato S., Kufta C., et al. Temporal lobectomy for uncontrolled seizures: the role of positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol 1992, 32(6):789-794.
121. Salek-Haddadi A., Friston K.J., Lemieux L., et al. Studying spontaneous EEG activity with fMRI. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2003, 43(1):110-133.
122. Salek-Haddadi A., Lemieux L., Merschhemke M., et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human absence seizures. Ann Neurol 2003, 53(5):663-667.