Studying spontaneous EEG activity with fMRI

Brain Research Reviews

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 110-133

  Salek Haddadi, A ^a,b   Friston, K J ^a   Lemieux, L ^a,b   Fish, D R ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b EPILEPSY SOCIETY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

BOLD; EEG; Epilepsy; fMRI; Interictal; Spike

Indexed keywords

ALPHA RHYTHM; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; EPILEPSY; HUMAN; NERVE CELL; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OXYGEN BLOOD LEVEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SLEEP; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 0141742108     PISSN: 01650173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0173(03)00193-0     Document Type: Review

References (213)

1. Abraham K., Ajmone-Marsan C. Patterns of cortical discharge and their relation to routine scalp electroencephalography. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 10:1958;447-461.
2. Aguirre G.K., Zarahn E., D'Esposito M. The inferential impact of global signal covariates in functional neuroimaging analyses. Neuroimage. 8:1998;302-306.
3. Aguirre G.K., Zarahn E., D'Esposito M. The variability of human, BOLD hemodynamic responses. Neuroimage. 8:1998;360-369.
4. Ajmone-Marsan C., Van Buren J.M. Epileptiform activity in cortical and subcortical structures in the temporal lobe of man. Baldwin M., Bailey P. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. 1958;78-108 Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL.
5. Alarcon G., Guy C.N., Binnie C.D., Walker S.R., Elwes R.D., Polkey C.E. Intracerebral propagation of interictal activity in partial epilepsy: implications for source localisation. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 57:1994;435-449.
6. Allen P.J., Josephs O., Turner R. A method for removing imaging artifact from continuous EEG recorded during functional MRI. Neuroimage. 12:2000;230-239.
7. Allen P.J., Polizzi G., Krakow K., Fish D.R., Lemieux L. Identification of EEG events in the MR scanner: the problem of pulse artifact and a method for its subtraction. Neuroimage. 8:1998;229-239.
8. Andersson J.L., Hutton C., Ashburner J., Turner R., Friston K. Modeling geometric deformations in EPI time series. Neuroimage. 13:2001;903-919.
9. Archer J.S., Briellmann R.S., Syngeniotis A., Abbott D.F., Jackson G.D. Spike-triggered fMRI in reading epilepsy: involvement of left frontal cortex working memory area. Neurology. 60:2003;415-421.
10. Archer J.S., Briellman R.S., Abbott D.F., Syngeniotis A., Wellard R.M., Jackson G.D. Benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes: spike triggered fMRI shows somato-sensory cortex activity. Epilepsia. 44:2003;200-204.
11. Arthurs O.J., Boniface S. How well do we understand the neural origins of the fMRI BOLD signal? Trends Neurosci. 25:2002;27-31.
12. Arthurs O.J., Williams E.J., Carpenter T.A., Pickard J.D., Boniface S.J. Linear coupling between functional magnetic resonance imaging and evoked potential amplitude in human somatosensory cortex. Neuroscience. 101:2000;803-806.
13. + transport in canine brain. Stroke. 12:1981;726-730.
14. Bandettini P.A., Jesmanowicz A., Wong E.C., Hyde J.S. Processing strategies for time-course data sets in functional MRI of the human brain. Magn. Reson. Med. 30:1993;161-173.
15. Baudewig J., Bittermann H.J., Paulus W., Frahm J. Simultaneous EEG and functional MRI of epileptic activity: a case report. Clin. Neurophysiol. 112:2001;1196-1200.
16. Baudewig J., Siebner H.R., Bestmann S., Tergau F., Tings T., Paulus W., Frahm J. Functional MRI of cortical activations induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Neuroreport. 12:2001;3543-3548.
17. Baumgartner C., Lindinger G., Ebner A., Aull S., Serles W., Olbrich A., Lurger S., Czech T., Burgess R., Luders H. Propagation of interictal epileptic activity in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology. 45:1995;118-122.
18. Baune A., Sommer F.T., Erb M., Wildgruber D., Kardatzki B., Palm G., Grodd W. Dynamical cluster analysis of cortical fMRI activation. Neuroimage. 9:1999;477-489.
19. Benar C.G., Gross D.W., Wang Y., Petre V., Pike B., Dubeau F., Gotman J. The BOLD response to interictal epileptiform discharges. Neuroimage. 17:2002;1182-1192.
20. Binder J.R., Frost J.A., Hammeke T.A., Bellgowan P.S., Rao S.M., Cox R.W. Conceptual processing during the conscious resting state. A functional MRI study. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11:1999;80-95.
21. Bittar R.G., Andermann F., Olivier A., Dubeau F., Dumoulin S.O., Pike G.B., Reutens D.C. Interictal spikes increase cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow: a PET study. Epilepsia. 40:1999;170-178.
22. Blume W.T., Borghesi J.L., Lemieux J.F. Interictal indices of temporal seizure origin. Ann. Neurol. 34:1993;703-709.
23. Bohning D.E., Shastri A., Wassermann E.M., Ziemann U., Lorberbaum J.P., Nahas Z., Lomarev M.P., George M.S. BOLD-fMRI response to single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 11:2000;569-574.
24. Bonmassar G., Hadjikhani N., Ives J.R., Hinton D., Belliveau J.W. Influence of EEG electrodes on the BOLD fMRI signal. Hum. Brain Mapp. 14:2001;108-115.
25. Bonmassar G., Purdon P., Jaaskelainen I., Chiappa K., Solo V., Brown E., Belliveau J. Motion and ballistocardiogram artifact removal for interleaved recording of EEG and EPs during MRI. Neuroimage. 16:2002;1127.
26. Bonvento G., Sibson N., Pellerin L. Does glutamate image your thoughts? Trends Neurosci. 25:2002;359-364.
27. Born A.P., Law I., Lund T.E., Rostrup E., Hanson L.G., Wildschiodtz G., Lou H.C., Paulson O.B. Cortical deactivation induced by visual stimulation in human slow-wave sleep. Neuroimage. 17:2002;1325-1335.
28. Breier J.I., Mullani N.A., Thomas A.B., Wheless J.W., Plenger P.M., Gould K.L., Papanicolaou A., Willmore L.J. Effects of duration of epilepsy on the uncoupling of metabolism and blood flow in complex partial seizures. Neurology. 48:1997;1047-1053.
29. Bruehl C., Hagemann G., Witte O.W. Uncoupling of blood flow and metabolism in focal epilepsy. Epilepsia. 39:1998;1235-1242.
30. Bruhn H., Kleinschmidt A., Boecker H., Merboldt K.D., Hanicke W., Frahm J. The effect of acetazolamide on regional cerebral blood oxygenation at rest and under stimulation as assessed by MRI. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 14:1994;742-748.
31. Buckner R.L., Koutstaal W., Schacter D.L., Dale A.M., Rotte M., Rosen B.R. Functional-anatomic study of episodic retrieval. II. Selective averaging of event-related fMRI trials to test the retrieval success hypothesis. Neuroimage. 7:1998;163-175.
32. Buckner R.L., Bandettini P.A., O'Craven K.M., Savoy R.L., Petersen S.E., Raichle M.E., Rosen B.R. Detection of cortical activation during averaged single trials of a cognitive task using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996;14878-14883.
33. Burgess A., Gruzelier J. Individual reliability of amplitude distribution in topographical mapping of EEG. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 86:1993;219-223.
34. Buxton R.B., Wong E.C., Frank L.R. Dynamics of blood flow and oxygenation changes during brain activation: the balloon model. Magn. Reson. Med. 39:1998;855-864.
35. Chawla D., Lumer E.D., Friston K.J. The relationship between synchronization among neuronal populations and their mean activity levels. Neural Comput. 11:1999;1389-1411.
36. Chih C.P., Lipton P., Roberts E.L. Jr. Do active cerebral neurons really use lactate rather than glucose? Trends Neurosci. 24:2001;573-578.
37. Chung M.Y., Walczak T.S., Lewis D.V., Dawson D.V., Radtke R. Temporal lobectomy and independent bitemporal interictal activity: what degree of lateralization is sufficient? Epilepsia. 32:1991;195-201.
38. Cohen D., Cuffin B.N., Yunokuchi K., Maniewski R., Purcell C., Cosgrove G.R., Ives J., Kennedy J.G., Schomer D.L. MEG versus EEG localization test using implanted sources in the human brain. Ann. Neurol. 28:1990;811-817.
39. Connelly A. Ictal imaging using functional magnetic resonance. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 13:1995;1233-1237.
40. Cooper R., Winter A.L., Crow H.J., Walter W.G. Comparison of subcortical, cortical and scalp activity using chronically indwelling electrodes in man. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 18:1965;217-228.
41. Cuffin B.N., Cohen D., Yunokuchi K., Maniewski R., Purcell C., Cosgrove G.R., Ives J., Kennedy J., Schomer D. Tests of EEG localization accuracy using implanted sources in the human brain. Ann. Neurol. 29:1991;132-138.
42. Czisch M., Wetter T.C., Kaufmann C., Pollmacher T., Holsboer F., Auer D.P. Altered processing of acoustic stimuli during sleep: reduced auditory activation and visual deactivation detected by a combined fMRI/EEG study. Neuroimage. 16:2002;251-258.
43. D'Esposito M., Zarahn E., Aguirre G.K., Rypma B. The effect of normal aging on the coupling of neural activity to the bold hemodynamic response. Neuroimage. 10:1999;6-14.
44. Dale A.M., Halgren E. Spatiotemporal mapping of brain activity by integration of multiple imaging modalities. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 11:2001;202-208.
45. Dale A.M., Liu A.K., Fischl B.R., Buckner R.L., Belliveau J.W., Lewine J.D., Halgren E. Dynamic statistical parametric mapping: combining fMRI and MEG for high-resolution imaging of cortical activity. Neuron. 26:2000;55-67.
46. Davis L.M., Spencer D.D., Spencer S.S., Bronen R.A. MR imaging of implanted depth and subdural electrodes: is it safe? Epilepsy Res. 35:1999;95-98.
47. de Curtis M., Avanzini G. Interictal spikes in focal epileptogenesis. Prog. Neurobiol. 63:2001;541-567.
48. de Curtis M., Manfridi A., Biella G. Activity-dependent pH shifts and periodic recurrence of spontaneous interictal spikes in a model of focal epileptogenesis. J. Neurosci. 18:1998;7543-7551.
49. de Curtis M., Librizzi L., Biella G. Discharge threshold is enhanced for several seconds after a single interictal spike in a model of focal epileptogenesis. Eur. J. Neurosci. 14:2001;174-178.
50. de Wit H., Metz J., Wagner N., Cooper M. Effects of diazepam on cerebral metabolism and mood in normal volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology. 5:1991;33-41.
51. De Zwart J.A., Van Gelderen P., Kellman P., Duyn J.H. Application of sensitivity-encoded echo-planar imaging for blood oxygen level-dependent functional brain imaging dagger. Magn. Reson. Med. 48:2002;1011-1020.
52. Detre J.A., Alsop D.C., Aguirre G.K., Sperling M.R. Coupling of cortical and thalamic ictal activity in human partial epilepsy: demonstration by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Epilepsia. 37:1996;657-661.
53. Detre J.A., Sirven J.I., Alsop D.C., O'Connor M.J., French J.A. Localization of subclinical ictal activity by functional magnetic resonance imaging: correlation with invasive monitoring. Ann. Neurol. 38:1995;618-624.
54. Devinsky O., Sato S., Kufta C.V., Ito B., Rose D.F., Theodore W.H., Porter R.J. Electroencephalographic studies of simple partial seizures with subdural electrode recordings. Neurology. 39:1989;527-533.
55. Devlin J.T., Russell R.P., Davis M.H., Price C.J., Wilson J., Moss H.E., Matthews P.M., Tyler L.K. Susceptibility-induced loss of signal: comparing PET and fMRI on a semantic task. Neuroimage. 11:2000;589-600.
56. Diekmann V., Becker W., Jurgens R., Grozinger B., Kleiser B., Richter H.P., Wollinsky K.H. Localisation of epileptic foci with electric, magnetic and combined electromagnetic models. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 106:1998;297-313.
57. Disbrow E.A., Slutsky D.A., Roberts T.P., Krubitzer L.A. Functional MRI at 1.5 tesla: a comparison of the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal and electrophysiology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97:2000;9718-9723.
58. Dreier J.P., Korner K., Gorner A., Lindauer U., Weih M., Villringer A., Dirnagl U. Nitric oxide modulates the CBF response to increased extracellular potassium. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 15:1995;914-919.
59. Duchene M., da Graca Moraes Martin M., Ricci Arantes P., de Maria Felix M., Garcia de Barros F., Barreiros M.A.M., Guilherme Caldas J., Campi de Castro C., Guido Cerri G., Amaro Junior E. fMRI findings in AVM. Neuroimage. 13:2001;S788.
60. Duncan J.S. Imaging and epilepsy. Brain. 120:(Pt. 2):1997;339-377.
61. Ebersole J.S. Non-invasive localization of the epileptogenic focus by EEG dipole modeling. Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 152:1994;20-28.
62. Ebersole J.S. Defining epileptogenic foci: past, present, future. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 14:1997;470-483.
63. Ebersole J.S., Wade P.B. Spike voltage topography and equivalent dipole localization in complex partial epilepsy. Brain Topogr. 3:1990;21-34.
64. Ebersole J.S. EEG and MEG dipole source modeling. Engel J., Pedley T.A. Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook. 1997;Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
65. Emerson R.G., Turner C.A., Pedley T.A., Walczak T.S., Forgione M. Propagation patterns of temporal spikes. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 94:1995;338-348.
66. Engel J. Jr. Intracerebral recordings: organization of the human epileptogenic region. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 10:1993;90-98.
67. Fernandez Torre J.L., Alarcon G., Binnie C.D., Seoane J.J., Juler J., Guy C.N., Polkey C.E. Generation of scalp discharges in temporal lobe epilepsy as suggested by intraoperative electrocorticographic recordings. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 67:1999;51-58.
68. Fink G.R., Pawlik G., Stefan H., Pietrzyk U., Wienhard K., Heiss W.D. Temporal lobe epilepsy: evidence for interictal uncoupling of blood flow and glucose metabolism in temporomesial structures. J. Neurol. Sci. 137:1996;28-34.
69. Forster A., Juge O., Morel D. Effects of midazolam on cerebral blood flow in human volunteers. Anesthesiology. 56:1982;453-455.
70. Frahm J., Merboldt K.D., Hanicke W., Kleinschmidt A., Boecker H. Brain or vein - oxygenation or flow? On signal physiology in functional MRI of human brain activation. NMR Biomed. 7:1994;45-53.
71. Franck G., Salmon E., Sadzot B., Maquet P. Epilepsy: the use of oxygen-15-labeled gases. Semin. Neurol. 9:1989;307-316.
72. Friston K.J. The labile brain. I. Neuronal transients and nonlinear coupling. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 355:2000;215-236.
73. Friston K.J., Ashburner J., Poline J.B., Frith C.D., Heather J.D., Frackowiak R.S. Spatial registration and normalization of images. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2:1995;165-189.
74. Friston K.J., Williams S., Howard R., Frackowiak R.S., Turner R. Movement-related effects in fMRI time-series. Magn. Reson. Med. 35:1996;346-355.
75. Friston K., Phillips J., Chawla D., Buchel C. Nonlinear PCA: characterizing interactions between modes of brain activity. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 355:2000;135-146.
76. Friston K.J., Mechelli A., Turner R., Price C.J. Nonlinear responses in fMRI: the Balloon model, Volterra kernels, and other hemodynamics. Neuroimage. 12:2000;466-477.
77. Friston K.J., Josephs O., Rees G., Turner R. Nonlinear event-related responses in fMRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 39:1998;41-52.
78. Friston K.J., Zarahn E., Josephs O., Henson R.N., Dale A.M. Stochastic designs in event-related fMRI. Neuroimage. 10:1999;607-619.
79. Friston K.J., Frith C.D., Liddle P.F., Frackowiak R.S. Comparing functional (PET) images: the assessment of significant change. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11:1991;690-699.
80. Friston K.J., Holmes A.P., Worsley K.J., Poline J.B., Frith C.D., Frackowiak R.S. Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: a general linear approach. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2:1995;189-210.
81. Fuchs M., Wagner M., Wischmann H.A., Kohler T., Theissen A., Drenckhahn R., Buchner H. Improving source reconstructions by combining bioelectric and biomagnetic data. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 107:1998;93-111.
82. Gaillard W.D., Fazilat S., White S., Malow B., Sato S., Reeves P., Herscovitch P., Theodore W.H. Interictal metabolism and blood flow are uncoupled in temporal lobe cortex of patients with complex partial epilepsy. Neurology. 45:1995;1841-1847.
83. Gloor P. Neuronal generators and the problem of localization in electroencephalography: application of volume conductor theory to electroencephalography. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2:1985;327-354.
84. Goldman R.I., Stern J.M., Engel J., Cohen M.S. Acquiring simultaneous EEG and functional MRI. Clin. Neurophysiol. 111:2000;1974-1980.
85. Goldman R.I., Stern J.M., Engel J. Jr., Cohen M.S. Simultaneous EEG and fMRI of the alpha rhythm. Neuroreport. 13:2002;2487-2492.
86. Gorno-Tempini M.L., Hutton C., Josephs O., Deichmann R., Price C., Turner R. Echo time dependence of BOLD contrast and susceptibility artifacts. Neuroimage. 15:2002;136-142.
87. Gotman J., Marciani M.G. Electroencephalographic spiking activity, drug levels, and seizure occurrence in epileptic patients. Ann. Neurol. 17:1985;597-603.
88. Gotman J., Koffler D.J. Interictal spiking increases after seizures but does not after decrease in medication. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 72:1989;7-15.
89. Grisar T., Lakaye B., Thomas E., Bettendorf L., Minet A. The molecular neuron-glia couple and epileptogenesis. Adv. Neurol. 79:1999;591-602.
90. Grootoonk S., Hutton C., Ashburner J., Howseman A.M., Josephs O., Rees G., Friston K.J., Turner R. Characterization and correction of interpolation effects in the realignment of fMRI time series. Neuroimage. 11:2000;49-57.
91. Hajnal J.V., Myers R., Oatridge A., Schwieso J.E., Young I.R., Bydder G.M. Artifacts due to stimulus correlated motion in functional imaging of the brain. Magn. Reson. Med. 31:1994;283-291.
92. Hallet M. Myoclonus and myoclonic syndromes. Engel J. Jr., Pedley T.A. Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook. 1997.
93. Hallett M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain. Nature. 406:2000;147-150.
94. Harder D.R., Zhang C., Gebremedhin D. Astrocytes function in matching blood flow to metabolic activity. News Physiol. Sci. 17:2002;27-31.
95. Heeger D.J., Huk A.C., Geisler W.S., Albrecht D.G. Spikes versus BOLD: what does neuroimaging tell us about neuronal activity? Nat. Neurosci. 3:2000;631-633.
96. Hill R.A., Chiappa K.H., Huang-Hellinger F., Jenkins B.G. Hemodynamic and metabolic aspects of photosensitive epilepsy revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Epilepsia. 40:1999;912-920.
97. Hochman D.W., Baraban S.C., Owens J.W., Schwartzkroin P.A. Dissociation of synchronization and excitability in furosemide blockade of epileptiform activity. Science. 270:1995;99-102.
98. Hoffmann A., Jager L., Werhahn K.J., Jaschke M., Noachtar S., Reiser M. Electroencephalography during functional echo-planar imaging: detection of epileptic spikes using post-processing methods. Magn. Reson. Med. 44:2000;791-798.
99. Horwitz B., Poeppel D. How can EEG/MEG and fMRI/PET data be combined? Hum. Brain Mapp. 17:2002;1-3.
100. Huang-Hellinger F., Hans C., McCormack G., Cohen M., Kwong K.K., Sutton J.P., Savoy R.L., Weisskoff R.M., Davis T.L., Baker J.R., Belliveau J.W., Rosen B.R. Simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological recording. Hum. Brain Mapp. 3:1995;13-23.
101. Huettel S.A., McCarthy G. Regional differences in the refractory period of the hemodynamic response: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage. 14:2001;967-976.
102. Hughes J.R. The significance of the interictal spike discharge: a review. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 6:1989;207-226.
103. Huppertz H.J., Hof E., Klisch J., Wagner M., Lucking C.H., Kristeva-Feige R. Localization of interictal delta and epileptiform EEG activity associated with focal epileptogenic brain lesions. Neuroimage. 13:2001;15-28.
104. Iannetti G.D., Di Bonaventura C., Pantano P., Giallonardo A.T., Romanelli P.L., Bozzao L., Manfredi M., Ricci G.B. fMRI/EEG in paroxysmal activity elicited by elimination of central vision and fixation. Neurology. 58:2002;976-979.
105. Ives J.R., Warach S., Schmitt F., Edelman R.R., Schomer D.L. Monitoring the patient's EEG during echo planar MRI. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 87:1993;417-420.
106. Jackson G.D., Connelly A., Cross J.H., Gordon I., Gadian D.G. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of focal seizures. Neurology. 44:1994;850-856.
107. Jager L., Werhahn K.J., Hoffmann A., Berthold S., Scholz V., Weber J., Noachtar S., Reiser M. Focal epileptiform activity in the brain: detection with spike-related functional MR imaging preliminary results. Radiology. 223:2002;860-869.
108. James W. Principles of Psychology. Vol. 1:1890;Dover, New York.
109. Jensen M.S., Yaari Y. Role of intrinsic burst firing, potassium accumulation, and electrical coupling in the elevated potassium model of hippocampal epilepsy. J. Neurophysiol. 77:1997;1224-1233.
110. Josephs O., Henson R.N. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging: modelling, inference and optimization. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 354:1999;1215-1228.
111. Josephs O., Lemieux L., Krakow K., Friston K.J. Burst mode event-related fMRI. Neuroimage. 9:1999.
112. Jueptner M., Weiller C. Review: does measurement of regional cerebral blood flow reflect synaptic activity? Implications for PET and fMRI. Neuroimage. 2:1995;148-156.
113. Kastrup A., Kruger G., Glover G.H., Neumann-Haefelin T., Moseley M.E. Regional variability of cerebral blood oxygenation response to hypercapnia. Neuroimage. 10:1999;675-681.
114. Kastrup A., Li T.Q., Glover G.H., Kruger G., Moseley M.E. Gender differences in cerebral blood flow and oxygenation response during focal physiologic neural activity. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19:1999;1066-1071.
115. Kim B., Boes J.L., Bland P.H., Chenevert T.L., Meyer C.R. Motion correction in fMRI via registration of individual slices into an anatomical volume. Magn. Reson. Med. 41:1999;964-972.
116. Kleinschmidt A., Steinmetz H., Sitzer M., Merboldt K.D., Frahm J. Magnetic resonance imaging of regional cerebral blood oxygenation changes under acetazolamide in carotid occlusive disease. Stroke. 26:1995;106-110.
117. Kleinschmidt A., Bruhn H., Kruger G., Merboldt K.D., Stoppe G., Frahm J. Effects of sedation, stimulation, and placebo on cerebral blood oxygenation: a magnetic resonance neuroimaging study of psychotropic drug action. NMR Biomed. 12:1999;286-292.
118. Krakow K., Baxendale S.A., Maguire E.A., Krishnamoorthy E.S., Lemieux L., Scott C.A., Smith S.J. Fixation-off sensitivity as a model of continuous epileptiform discharges: electroencephalographic, neuropsychological and functional MRI findings. Epilepsy Res. 42:2000;1-6.
119. Krakow K., Messina D., Lemieux L., Duncan J.S., Fish D.R. Functional MRI activation of individual interictal epileptiform spikes. Neuroimage. 13:2001;502-505.
120. Krakow K., Wieshmann U.C., Woermann F.G., Symms M.R., McLean M.A., Lemieux L., Allen P.J., Barker G.J., Fish D.R., Duncan J.S. Multimodal MR imaging: functional, diffusion tensor, and chemical shift imaging in a patient with localization-related epilepsy. Epilepsia. 40:1999;1459-1462.
121. Krakow K., Lemieux L., Messina D., Scott C.A., Symms M.R., Duncan J.S., Fish D.R. Spatio-temporal imaging of focal interictal epileptiform activity using EEG-triggered functional MRI. Epileptic Disord. 3:2001;67-74.
122. Krakow K., Woermann F.G., Symms M.R., Allen P.J., Lemieux L., Barker G.J., Duncan J.S., Fish D.R. EEG-triggered functional MRI of interictal epileptiform activity in patients with partial seizures. Brain. 122:1999;1679-1688.
123. Krakow K., Allen P.J., Lemieux L., Symms M.R., Fish D.R. Methodology: EEG-correlated fMRI. Adv. Neurol. 83:2000;187-201.
124. Krakow K., Allen P.J., Symms M.R., Lemieux L., Josephs O., Fish D.R. EEG recording during fMRI experiments: image quality. Hum. Brain Mapp. 10:2000;10-15.
125. Krings T., Topper R., Reinges M.H., Foltys H., Spetzger U., Chiappa K.H., Gilsbach J.M., Thron A. Hemodynamic changes in simple partial epilepsy: a functional MRI study. Neurology. 54:2000;524-527.
126. 3. Ann. Neurol. 8:1980;348-360.
127. Kuschinsky W., Wahl M. Local chemical and neurogenic regulation of cerebral vascular resistance. Physiol. Rev. 58:1978;656-689.
128. Kuschinsky W., Wahl M., Bosse O., Thurau K. Perivascular potassium and pH as determinants of local pial arterial diameter in cats. A microapplication study. Circ. Res. 31:1972;240-247.
129. Lazeyras F., Blanke O., Zimine I., Delavelle J., Perrig S.H., Seeck M. MRI, (1)H-MRS, and functional MRI during and after prolonged nonconvulsive seizure activity. Neurology. 55:2000;1677-1682.
130. Lazeyras F., Blanke O., Perrig S., Zimine I., Golay X., Delavelle J., Michel C.M., de Tribolet N., Villemure J.G., Seeck M. EEG-triggered functional MRI in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 12:2000;177-185.
131. Lee A.T., Glover G.H., Meyer C.H. Discrimination of large venous vessels in time-course spiral blood-oxygen-level-dependent magnetic-resonance functional neuroimaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 33:1995;745-754.
132. Leiderman D.B., Balish M., Bromfield E.B., Theodore W.H. Effect of valproate on human cerebral glucose metabolism. Epilepsia. 32:1991;417-422.
133. Lemieux L., Krakow K., Fish D.R. Comparison of spike-triggered functional MRI BOLD activation and EEG dipole model localization. Neuroimage. 14:2001;1097-1104.
134. Lemieux L., Salek-Haddadi A., Krakow K. The nature of MR signal changes. Radiology. 226:2003;922-923.
135. Lemieux L., Salek-Haddadi A., Josephs O., Allen P., Toms N., Scott C., Krakow K., Turner R., Fish D.R. Event-related fMRI with simultaneous and continuous EEG: description of the method and initial case report. Neuroimage. 14:2001;780-787.
136. Lemieux L., Allen P.J., Franconi F., Symms M.R., Fish D.R. Recording of EEG during fMRI experiments: patient safety. Magn. Reson. Med. 38:1997;943-952.
137. Lindauer U., Megow D., Matsuda H., Dirnagl U. Nitric oxide: a modulator, but not a mediator, of neurovascular coupling in rat somatosensory cortex. Am. J. Physiol. 277:1999;H799-H811.
138. Liu T.T., Frank L.R., Wong E.C., Buxton R.B. Detection power, estimation efficiency, and predictability in event-related fMRI. Neuroimage. 13:2001;759-773.
139. Llinas R.R. The intrinsic electrophysiological properties of mammalian neurons: insights into central nervous system function. Science. 242:1988;1654-1664.
140. Logothetis N.K., Pauls J., Augath M., Trinath T., Oeltermann A. Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal. Nature. 412:2001;150-157.
141. Lopes D.S. Neural mechanisms underlying brain waves: from neural membranes to networks. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 79:1991;81-93.
142. Lopes da Silva F.H., Pijn J.P., Velis D., Nijssen P.C. Alpha rhythms: noise, dynamics and models. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 26:1997;237-249.
143. Lovblad K.O., Thomas R., Jakob P.M., Scammell T., Bassetti C., Griswold M., Ives J., Matheson J., Edelman R.R., Warach S. Silent functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates focal activation in rapid eye movement sleep. Neurology. 53:1999;2193-2195.
144. Luders H.O., Engel J. Jr., Munari C. General principles. Engel J. Jr. Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies. 1993;137-153 Raven Press, New York.
145. Magistretti P.J., Pellerin L., Rothman D.L., Shulman R.G. Energy on demand. Science. 283:1999;496-497.
146. Makeig S., Westerfield M., Jung T.P., Enghoff S., Townsend J., Courchesne E., Sejnowski T.J. Dynamic brain sources of visual evoked responses. Science. 295:2002;690-694.
147. Mandeville J.B., Marota J.J., Ayata C., Zaharchuk G., Moskowitz M.A., Rosen B.R., Weisskoff R.M. Evidence of a cerebrovascular postarteriole windkessel with delayed compliance. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19:1999;679-689.
148. Matsuda T., Matsuura M., Ohkubo T., Ohkubo H., Atsumi Y., Tamaki M., Takahashi K., Matsushima E., Kojima T. Influence of arousal level for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study: simultaneous recording of fMRI and electroencephalogram. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 56:2002;289-290.
149. Matthew E., Andreason P., Pettigrew K., Carson R.E., Herscovitch P., Cohen R., King C., Johanson C.E., Greenblatt D.J., Paul S.M. Benzodiazepine receptors mediate regional blood flow changes in the living human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;2775-2779.
150. McCarron J.G., Halpern W. Potassium dilates rat cerebral arteries by two independent mechanisms. Am. J. Physiol. 259:1990;H902-H908.
151. McCulloch J., Edvinsson L., Watt P. Comparison of the effects of potassium and pH on the calibre of cerebral veins and arteries. Pflugers Arch. 393:1982;95-98.
152. McGonigle D.J., Howseman A.M., Athwal B.S., Friston K.J., Frackowiak R.S., Holmes A.P. Variability in fMRI: an examination of intersession differences. Neuroimage. 11:2000;708-734.
153. McKeown M.J., Makeig S., Brown G.G., Jung T.P., Kindermann S.S., Bell A.J., Sejnowski T.J. Analysis of fMRI data by blind separation into independent spatial components. Hum. Brain Mapp. 6:1998;160-188.
154. Merlet I., Gotman J. Reliability of dipole models of epileptic spikes. Clin. Neurophysiol. 110:1999;1013-1028.
155. Michel C.M., Grave D.P., Lantz G., Gonzalez A.S., Spinelli L., Blanke O., Landis T., Seeck M. Spatiotemporal EEG analysis and distributed source estimation in presurgical epilepsy evaluation. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 16:1999;239-266.
156. Miezin F.M., Maccotta L., Ollinger J.M., Petersen S.E., Buckner R.L. Characterizing the hemodynamic response: effects of presentation rate, sampling procedure, and the possibility of ordering brain activity based on relative timing. Neuroimage. 11:2000;735-759.
157. Morocz I.A., Karni A., Haut S., Lantos G., Liu G. fMRI of triggerable aurae in musicogenic epilepsy. Neurology. 60:2003;705-709.
158. Mosher J.C., Spencer M.E., Leahy R.M., Lewis P.S. Error bounds for EEG and MEG dipole source localization. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 86:1993;303-321.
159. Munari C., Hoffmann D., Francione S., Kahane P., Tassi L., Lo R.G., Benabid A.L. Stereo-electroencephalography methodology: advantages and limits. Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 152:1994;56-67.
160. Nakasato N., Levesque M.F., Barth D.S., Baumgartner C., Rogers R.L., Sutherling W.W. Comparisons of MEG, EEG, and ECoG source localization in neocortical partial epilepsy in humans. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 91:1994;171-178.
161. Niedermeyer E. Alpha rhythms as physiological and abnormal phenomena. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 26:1997;31-49.
162. Niedermeyer E., Rocca U. The diagnostic significance of sleep electroencephalograms in temporal lobe epilepsy. A comparison of scalp and depth tracings. Eur. Neurol. 7:1972;119-129.
163. Niedermeyer E., Lopes da Silva F.H. Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications and Related Fields. 1999;Urban and Schwarzengreg, Baltimore, MD.
164. Nunez P.L. Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of EEG. 1981;Oxford University Press, New York.
165. Nunez P.L. Neocortical Dynamics and Human EEG Rhythms. 1995;Oxford University Press, New York.
166. Nunez P.L., Silberstein R.B. On the relationship of synaptic activity to macroscopic measurements: does co-registration of EEG with fMRI make sense? Brain Topogr. 13:2000;79-96.
167. Nunez P.L., Wingeier B.M., Silberstein R.B. Spatial-temporal structures of human alpha rhythms: theory, microcurrent sources, multiscale measurements, and global binding of local networks. Hum. Brain Mapp. 13:2001;125-164.
168. Ogawa S., Lee T.M., Kay A.R., Tank D.W. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:1990;9868-9872.
169. Ojemann J.G., Akbudak E., Snyder A.Z., McKinstry R.C., Raichle M.E., Conturo T.E. Anatomic localization and quantitative analysis of gradient refocused echo-planar fMRI susceptibility artifacts. Neuroimage. 6:1997;156-167.
170. Palmini A., Gambardella A., Andermann F., Dubeau F., da Costa J.C., Olivier A., Tampieri D., Gloor P., Quesney F., Andermann E. Intrinsic epileptogenicity of human dysplastic cortex as suggested by corticography and surgical results. Ann. Neurol. 37:1995;476-487.
171. Patel M.R., Blum A., Pearlman J.D., Yousuf N., Ives J.R., Saeteng S., Schomer D.L., Edelman R.R. Echo-planar functional MR imaging of epilepsy with concurrent EEG monitoring. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 20:1999;1916-1919.
172. Paulson O.B., Newman E.A. Does the release of potassium from astrocyte endfeet regulate cerebral blood flow? Science. 237:1987;896-898.
173. Petersson K.M., Nichols T.E., Poline J.B., Holmes A.P. Statistical limitations in functional neuroimaging. I. Non-inferential methods and statistical models. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 354:1999;1239-1260.
174. Petersson K.M., Nichols T.E., Poline J.B., Holmes A.P. Statistical limitations in functional neuroimaging. II. Signal detection and statistical inference. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 354:1999;1261-1281.
175. Pfurtscheller G., Aranibar A. Event-related cortical desynchronization detected by power measurements of scalp EEG. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 42:1977;817-826.
176. Phillips C., Rugg M.D., Friston K.J. Anatomically informed basis functions for EEG source localization: combining functional and anatomical constraints. Neuroimage. 16:2002;678-695.
177. Plonsey R. Reciprocity applied to volume conductors and the EEG. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 10:1963;9-12.
178. Portas C.M., Krakow K., Allen P., Josephs O., Armony J.L., Frith C.D. Auditory processing across the sleep-wake cycle: simultaneous EEG and fMRI monitoring in humans. Neuron. 28:2000;991-999.
179. Postle B.R., Zarahn E., D'Esposito M. Using event-related fMRI to assess delay-period activity during performance of spatial and nonspatial working memory tasks. Brain Res. Brain Res. Protoc. 5:2000;57-66.
180. Prince D.A., Connors B.W. Mechanisms of interictal epileptogenesis. Adv. Neurol. 44:1986;275-299.
181. Rezai A.R., Lozano A.M., Crawley A.P., Joy M.L., Davis K.D., Kwan C.L., Dostrovsky J.O., Tasker R.R., Mikulis D.J. Thalamic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging: localization of cortical and subcortical activation with implanted electrodes. Technical note. J. Neurosurg. 90:1999;583-590.
182. Rezai A.R., Finelli D., Nyenhuis J.A., Hrdlicka G., Tkach J., Sharan A., Rugieri P., Stypulkowski P.H., Shellock F.G. Neurostimulation systems for deep brain stimulation: in vitro evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging-related heating at 1.5 tesla. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 15:2002;241-250.
183. Robson M.D., Dorosz J.L., Gore J.C. Measurements of the temporal fMRI response of the human auditory cortex to trains of tones. Neuroimage. 7:1998;185-198.
184. Rosenow F., Luders H. Presurgical evaluation of epilepsy. Brain. 124:2001;1683-1700.
185. Rostrup E., Law I., Blinkenberg M., Larsson H.B., Born A.P., Holm S., Paulson O.B. Regional differences in the CBF and BOLD responses to hypercapnia: a combined PET and fMRI study. Neuroimage. 11:2000;87-97.
186. Salek-Haddadi A., Merschhemke M., Lemieux L., Fish D.R. Simultaneous EEG-correlated ictal fMRI. Neuroimage. 16:2002;32-40.
187. Salek-Haddadi A., Lemieux L., Merschhemke M., Friston K.J., Duncan J.S., Fish D.R. Functional MRI of human absence seizures. Ann. Neurol. 53:2003;663-667.
188. Sammaritano M., Gigli G.L., Gotman J. Interictal spiking during wakefulness and sleep and the localization of foci in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology. 41:1991;290-297.
189. Scannell J.W., Young M.P. Neuronal population activity and functional imaging. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 266:1999;875-881.
190. Schacter D.L., Buckner R.L., Koutstaal W., Dale A.M., Rosen B.R. Late onset of anterior prefrontal activity during true and false recognition: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage. 6:1997;259-269.
191. Schomer D.L., Bonmassar G., Lazeyras F., Seeck M., Blum A., Anami K., Schwartz D., Belliveau J.W., Ives J. EEG-linked functional magnetic resonance imaging in epilepsy and cognitive neurophysiology. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 17:2000;43-58.
192. Seeck M., Lazeyras F., Michel C.M., Blanke O., Gericke C.A., Ives J., Delavelle J., Golay X., Haenggeli C.A., de Tribolet N., Landis T. Non-invasive epileptic focus localization using EEG-triggered functional MRI and electromagnetic tomography. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 106:1998;508-512.
193. Sibson N.R., Dhankhar A., Mason G.F., Rothman D.L., Behar K.L., Shulman R.G. Stoichiometric coupling of brain glucose metabolism and glutamatergic neuronal activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:1998;316-321.
194. Snead O.C. III. Basic mechanisms of generalized absence seizures. Ann. Neurol. 37:1995;146-157.
195. Stefan H., Schuler P., Abraham-Fuchs K., Schneider S., Gebhardt M., Neubauer U., Hummel C., Huk W.J., Thierauf P. Magnetic source localization and morphological changes in temporal lobe epilepsy: comparison of MEG/EEG, ECoG and volumetric MRI in presurgical evaluation of operated patients. Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 152:1994;83-88.
196. Stone J.V., Porrill J., Porter N.R., Wilkinson I.D. Spatiotemporal independent component analysis of event-related fMRI data using skewed probability density functions. Neuroimage. 15:2002;407-421.
197. Symms M.R., Allen P.J., Woermann F.G., Polizzi G., Krakow K., Barker G.J., Fish D.R., Duncan J.S. Reproducible localization of interictal epileptiform discharges using EEG-triggered fMRI. Phys. Med. Biol. 44:1999;N161-N168.
198. Theodore W.H., DiChiro G., Margolin R., Fishbein D., Porter R.J., Brooks R.A. Barbiturates reduce human cerebral glucose metabolism. Neurology. 36:1986;60-64.
199. Theodore W.H., Bairamian D., Newmark M.E., DiChiro G., Porter R.J., Larson S., Fishbein D. Effect of phenytoin on human cerebral glucose metabolism. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 6:1986;315-320.
200. Theodore W.H., Bromfield E., Onorati L. The effect of carbamazepine on cerebral glucose metabolism. Ann. Neurol. 25:1989;516-520.
201. Tiihonen J., Kajola M., Hari R. Magnetic mu rhythm in man. Neuroscience. 32:1989;793-800.
202. Tiihonen J., Hari R., Kajola M., Karhu J., Ahlfors S., Tissari S. Magnetoencephalographic 10-Hz rhythm from the human auditory cortex. Neurosci. Lett. 129:1991;303-305.
203. Tronnier V.M., Staubert A., Hahnel S., Sarem-Aslani A. Magnetic resonance imaging with implanted neurostimulators: an in vitro and in vivo study. Neurosurgery. 44:1999;118-125.
204. Tseng S.Y., Chong F.C., Chen R.C., Kuo T.S. Source localization of averaged and single EEG spikes using the electric dipole model. Med. Eng. Phys. 17:1995;64-70.
205. Turner R. How much cortex can a vein drain? Downstream dilution of activation-related cerebral blood oxygenation changes. Neuroimage. 16:2002;1062-1067.
206. Vazquez A.L., Noll D.C. Nonlinear aspects of the BOLD response in functional MRI. Neuroimage. 7:1998;108-118.
207. Villringer A., Dirnagl U. Coupling of brain activity and cerebral blood flow: basis of functional neuroimaging. Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev. 7:1995;240-276.
208. von Stein A., Chiang C., Konig P. Top-down processing mediated by interareal synchronization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97:2000;14748-14753.
209. Waldvogel D., van Gelderen P., Muellbacher W., Ziemann U., Immisch I., Hallett M. The relative metabolic demand of inhibition and excitation. Nature. 406:2000;995-998.
210. Warach S., Ives J.R., Schlaug G., Patel M.R., Darby D.G., Thangaraj V., Edelman R.R., Schomer D.L. EEG-triggered echo-planar functional MRI in epilepsy. Neurology. 47:1996;89-93.
211. Wong P.K. Stability of source estimates in rolandic spikes. Brain Topogr. 2:1989;31-36.
212. Wong P.K. Source modelling of the rolandic focus. Brain Topogr. 4:1991;105-112.
213. Zarahn E., Slifstein M. A reference effect approach for power analysis in fMRI. Neuroimage. 14:2001;768-779.