Visions of ice sheets in the early Ordovician greenhouse world: Evidence from the Peninsula Formation, Cape Peninsula, South Africa

Sedimentary Geology

Volumn 236, Issue 3-4, 2011, Pages 226-238

  Turner, Brian R ^a   Armstrong, Howard A ^a   Holt, Peter ^a  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Braided fluvial; Glacioeustacy; Ice sheets; Ordovician

Indexed keywords

BASE LEVEL CHANGE; BRAIDED FLUVIAL; DISCHARGE PATTERNS; EUSTATIC SEA LEVEL; FLUVIAL DEPOSITS; GLACIOEUSTACY; ICE SHEET; ORDOVICIAN; POLAR FRONT; PRIMARY CONTROL; SOURCE AREA; SOUTH AFRICA; STACKING PATTERNS;

GLACIERS; ICE CONTROL; SEA LEVEL;

ICE;

BRAIDED RIVER; CORRELATION; FLUVIAL DEPOSIT; GLACIOEUSTACY; ICE SHEET; ORDOVICIAN; SEDIMENTATION; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY;

CAPE PENINSULA; SOUTH AFRICA; WESTERN CAPE;

EID: 79952618742     PISSN: 00370738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.01.009     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Allen P.A., Allen J. Basin Analysis: Principles and Applications 2005, 349-401. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
2. Amorosi A., Colalongo M. The linkage between alluvial and coeval nearshore marine successions: evidence from the Late Quaternary record of the Po River Plain, Italy. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 2005, 35:257-275. M. Blum, S. Marriott, S. Leclair (Eds.).
3. Anis K.B., Rizo G.E., Ibáñez L.M., Georgieff S.M. Fluvial evolution and sequence maps of intramountain braided rivers, Catamarca Province, Argentina. Abstract, 9th International Conference on Fluvial Sedimentology, Tucuman, Argentina 2009, 43. August 24-28.
4. Armstrong R., De Wit M.J., Reid D., York D., Zartman R. Table Mountain reveals rapid Pan-African uplift of its basement rocks. Journal of African Earth Sciences 1998, 2:10-11.
5. Armstrong H.A., Baldini J., Challands T.J., Grocke D., Owen A.W. Response of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone to Southern Hemisphere cooling during Upper Ordovician glaciations. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2009, 284:227-236.
6. Atchley S.C., Nordt L.C., Dworkin S.I. Eustatic control on alluvial sequence stratigraphy: a possible example from the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition of the Tornillo Basin, Big Bend National Park, West Texas, U.S.A. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2004, 74:391-404.
7. Aziz A. Stratigraphy and hydrocarbon potential of the Lower Palaeozoic succession of License NC-115, Murzuq Basin, SW Libya. Geological Exploration in the Murzuq Basin 2000, 349-369. Elsevier, London. M.A. Sola, D. Worsley (Eds.).
8. Bachtadse V., Vandervoo R., Halbich I.W. Paleomagnetism of the Western Cape Fold Belt, South Africa, and its bearing on the Paleozoic apparent polar wander path for Gondwana. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1987, 84:487-499.
9. Beaufort L. Climatic importance of the modulation of the 100kyr cycle, inferred from 16m.y. long Miocene records. Paleoceanography 1994, 9:821-834.
10. Belhaj F. Palaeozoic and Mesozoic stratigraphy of eastern Ghadamis and western Sirt Basins. The Geology of Sirt Basin 1996, 57-96. Elsevier, Amsterdam. M.J. Salem, A.J. Mouzughi, O.S. Hammuda (Eds.).
11. Bellini E., Massa D. A stratigraphic contribution to the Paleozoic of the southern basins of Libya. The Geology of Libya 1980, vol. 2:3-56. Academic Press, London. M.J. Salem, M.T. Busrewil (Eds.).
12. Bellini E., Giori I., Ahuril O., Benelli F. Geology of Al Kufrah Basin, Libya. The Geology of Libya. 3rd Symposium on the Geology of Libya, Tripoli 1990, 2155-2184. Elsevier, Amsterdam, September 27-30. M.J. Salem, A.M. Sbeta, M.R. Bakbak (Eds.).
13. Berger A.L. Longterm variations of caloric insolation resulting from the earth's orbital elements. Quaternary Research 1978, 19:139-167.
14. 13C chemostratigraphy. Lethaia 2009, 42:97-107.
15. Blum M.D., Tornqvist T. Fluvial response to climate and sea level change: a review and look forward. Sedimentology 2000, 47:2-48.
16. Braddy S.J., Almond J.E. Eurypterid trackways from the Table Mountain Group (Ordovician) of South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 1999, 29:165-177.
17. Bristow C.S. Brahmaputra River: channel migration and deposition. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 1987, 39:63-74. F.G. Etheridge, R.M. Flores, M.D. Harvey (Eds.).
18. Bromley M.H. Variations in fluvial style as revealed by architectural elements, Kayenta Formation, Mesa Creek, Colorado, USA: evidence for both ephemeral and perennial fluvial processes. Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology 1991, 3:93-102. Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM). A.D. Miall, N. Tyler (Eds.).
19. Broquet C.A.M. Trace fossils and ichnosedimentary facies from the lower Palaeozoic Peninsula Formation, Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, Geocongress 1990, 90:64-67.
20. Broquet C.A.M. Guide to a short walk along Tafelberg Road, Devils Peak, Cape Peninsula. Conference and Field Workshop, Inversion Tectonics of the Cape Fold Belt 1991, University of Cape Town Occasional Publications, 11 pp.
21. Broquet C.A.M. The sedimentary record of the Cape Supergroup: A review. Inversion Tectonics of the Cape Fold Belt, Karoo and Cretaceous Basins of Southern Africa 1992, 159-183. A.A.Balkema, Rotterdam. M.C.J. De Wit, I. Ransome (Eds.).
22. Browne G.H., Naish T.R. Facies development and sequence architecture of a late Quaternary fluvial-marine transition, Canterbury Plains and shelf, New Zealand: implications for forced regressive deposits. Sedimentary Geology 2003, 158:57-88.
23. Buatois L.A., Mángano M.G., Genise J.F., Taylor T.N. The ichnological record of the continental invertebrate invasion: evolutionary trends in environmental expansion, ecospace utilization, and behavioural complexity. Palaios 1998, 13:217-240.
24. Cant D.J., Walker R.G. Fluvial processes and facies sequences in the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River, Canada. Sedimentology 1978, 25:625-648.
25. Carr I.D. Second-order sequence stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic of North Africa. Journal of Petroleum Geology 2002, 25:259-280.
26. Catuneanu O. Sequence stratigraphy of clastic systems: concepts, merits, and pitfalls. Journal of African Earth Sciences 2002, 35:1-43.
27. Collinson J.D. Alluvial sediments. Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy 1996, 37-82. Blackwell Science. 3rd Edition. H.G. Reading (Ed.).
28. Crowley T.J., Baum S.K. Reconciling Late Ordovician (440Ma) glaciation with very high CO2 levels. Journal of Geophysical Research 1995, 100:1093-1101.
29. De Conto R.M., Pollard D. A coupled climate-ice sheet modelling approach to the Early Cenozoic history of the Antarctic ice sheet. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2003, 198:39-52.
30. Etheridge F.G., Germanoski D., Schumm S.A., Wood L.J. The morphological and stratigraphic effects of base-level change: a review of experimental studies. Seventh International Conference on Fluvial Sedimentology, Lincoln, August 6-10, Program and Abstracts 2001, 95.
31. Fanti F., Catuneanu O. Fluvial Sequence Stratigraphy: The Wapiti Formation, West-Central Alberta, Canada. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2010, 80:320-338.
32. Flemming B.W. Evidence for fluvial rather than tidal origin of the Lower Table Mountain Group sedimentary succession (Ordovician Cape Basin, South Africa). Terra Cognita 1988, 8:30.
33. Fuller A.O., Broquet C.A.M. Aspects of the Peninsula Formation - Table Mountain Group. Extended Abstract Geocongress 1990, 90:169-172. Geological Society of South Africa, Cape Town.
34. 2 threshold for glaciation in the Late Ordovician. Geology 1997, 25:447-450.
35. Godderis Y., Francois L.M., Veizer J. The early Paleozoic carbon cycle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2001, 190:181-196.
36. Haq B.U., Schulter S.R. A chronology of Paleozoic sea-level changes. Science 2008, 322:64-68.
37. Hendrix M.S. Continental Sediments. Encylopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments 2009, 192-197. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. V. Gornitz (Ed.).
38. 2, poleward ocean heat transport and sea level change on global cooling during the Late Ordovician. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2004, 206:59-74.
39. Hobday D.K., Tankard A.J. Transgressive barrier and shallow shelf interpretation of the lower Paleozoic Peninsula Formation, South Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1978, 89:1733-1744.
40. Holt P.J., Allen M.B., van Hunen J., Bjørnseth H.M. Lithospheric cooling and thickening as a basin forming mechanism. Tectonophysics 2010, 495:184-194.
41. Johnson M.R. Sandstone petrography, provenance and plate tectonic setting in Gondwana context of the south-eastern Cape-Karoo Basin. South African Journal of Geology 1991, 94:137-154.
42. Kraus M.J., Aslan A. Palaeosol sequences in floodplain environments: a hierarchical approach. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 1999, 27:303-321. M. Thiry, R. Simon-Coincon (Eds.).
43. Liu H.-S. Frequency variations of the Earth's obliquity, and the 100-kyr ice-age cycles. Nature 1992, 358:397-399.
44. Loi A., Ghienne J.-F., Dubard M.P., Paris F., Botquelen A., Christ N., Elaouad-Debbay Z., Gorini A., Vidal M., Videt B., Destombes J. The Late Ordovician glacio-eustatic record from a high-latitude storm-dominated shelf succession: The Bou Ingarf section (Anti-Atlas, Southern Morocco). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2010, 296:332-358.
45. Lourens L.J., Hilgen F.J. Long-periodic variations in the Earth's obliquity and their relation to third-order eustatic cycles and late Neogene glaciations. Quaternary International 1997, 40:43-52.
46. Miall A.D. A review of the braided-river depositional environment. Earth Science Reviews 1977, 13:1-62.
47. Miall A.D. Alluvial deposits. Facies Models: Response to Sea Level Change 1992, 119-142. Geological Association of Canada. R.G. Walker, N.P. James (Eds.).
48. Miller K.G., Wright J.D., Browning J.V. Visions of ice sheets in a greenhouse world. Marine Geology 2005, 217:215-231.
49. Parrish J.T. Upwelling and petroleum source beds, with reference to Palaeozoic. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1982, 66:750-774.
50. Picard M.D., High L.R. Sedimentary Structures of Ephemeral Streams. Developments in Sedimentology 1973, 17. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 223 pp.
51. Pierobon E.S.T. Contribution to the stratigraphy of the Murzuq Basin, SW Libya. The Geology of Libya. 3rd Symposium on the Geology of Libya, Tripoli 1991, 1767-1783. Elsevier, Amsterdam, September 27-30. M.J. Salem, M.N. Belaid (Eds.).
52. Pitman W.C., Golovchenko X. The effect of sea-level change on the shelf edge and slope of passive margins. Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) Special Publication 1983, 33:41-58.
53. Potgieter C.D., Oelofsen B.W. Cruziana acacensis-the first Silurian index trace fossil from South Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa 1983, 86:51-54.
54. Rogers J., Dlamini Z. The stratigraphic nature of the Ordovician Graafwater/Peninsula Formational contact in the Table Mountain Group, Cape Town, South Africa: Diastem or Discordance?. Extended Abstracts 1st Workshop on Problems in the Western Gondwana Geology "South America - Africa correlations; du Toit revisited" 2007, 137-150. (also available on line).
55. 2-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2006, 70:5665-5675.
56. 2 as a primary driver of Phanerozoic climate. GSA Today 2004, 14:4-10.
57. Ruddiman W.F., Raymo M.E., Martinson D.G., Clement B.M., Backman J. Pleistocene evolution northern hemisphere ice sheets and North Atlantic ocean. Paleoceanography 1989, 6:353-412.
58. Rust, I.C., 1967. On the sedimentation of the Table Mountain Group in the western Cape Province, Unpublished DSc. thesis, University of Stellenbosch, 110 pp.
59. Rust I.C. The evolution of the Palaeozoic Cape Basin, southern margin of Africa. The Ocean Basins and Margins 1973, 247-276. Plenum Press, New York. A.E.M. Nairn, F.H. Stehli (Eds.).
60. 13C) event and the Sauk II-Sauk III regression: new evidence from Laurentian basins in Utah, Iowa, and Newfoundland. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2004, 74:366-377.
61. Sclater J.G., Christie P.A.F. Continental stretching; an explanation of the post-Mid-Cretaceous subsidence of the central North Sea basin. Journal of Geophysical Research 1980, 85(B7):3711-3739.
62. Seilacher A. Cruziana stratigraphy of 'non-fossiliferous' Palaeozoic sandstones. Seel House Press 1970, 447-476. T.P. Crimes, J.C. Harper (Eds.).
63. Shanley K.W., McCabe P.J. Perspectives on the sequence stratigraphy of continental strata. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1994, 78:544-568.
64. Shields G.A., Carden G.A.F., Veizer J., Meidla T., Rong J.-Y., Li R.-Y. Sr, C, and oxygen isotope geochemistry of Ordovician brachiopods: a major isotopic event around the Middle-Late Ordovician transition. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2003, 67:2005-2025.
65. Stear W.M. Morphological characteristics of ephemeral stream channel and overbank splay sandstone bodies in the Permiam Lower Beaufort Group, Karoo Basin, South Africa. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 1983, 6:405-420. Blackwells Scientific Publications, London. J.D. Collinson, J. Lewin (Eds.).
66. Stein C.A., Stein S. A model for the global variation in oceanic depth and heat flow with lithospheric age. Nature 1992, 359:123-129.
67. Tankard A.J., Hobday D.K. Tide-dominated back barrier sedimentation, early Ordovician Cape Basin, South Africa. Sedimentary Geology 1977, 18:135-139.
68. Tankard A.J., Jackson M.P.A., Eriksson K.A., Hobday D.K., Hunter D.R., Minter W.E.L. Crustal Evolution of Southern Africa. 3.8 Billion Years of Earth History 1982, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 523 pp.
69. Tankard A.J., Welsink H., Aukes P., Newton R., Stettler E. Tectonic evolution of the Cape and Karoo basins of South Africa. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2009, 26:1-34.
70. Thamm A.G. Palaeoenvironmental significance of clast shape in the Nardouw Formation, Cape Supergroup. South African Journal of Geology 1987, 90:94-97.
71. Thamm, A.G., 1988. Contributions to the geology of the Table Mountain Group. M.Sc. (unpublished), University of Cape Town, 103pp.
72. Thamm A.G., Johnson M.R. The Cape Supergroup. The Geology of South Africa 2006, 443-460. Council for Geoscience and the Geological Society of South Africa. M.R. Johnson, C.R. Anhaeusser, R.J. Thomas (Eds.).
73. Torsvik T.H., Cocks L.R.M. BugPlates: Linking Biogeography and Palaeogeography. Software manual available at. http://www.geodynamics.com.
74. Trotter J.A., Williams I.S., Barnes C.R., Lecuyer C., Nicoll R.S. Did cooling oceans trigger Ordovician biodiversification? Evidence from conodont thermometry. Science 2008, 321:550-554.
75. Tunbridge I.P. Sandy high energy flood sediments - some criteria for their recognition, with an example from the Devonian of S.W. England. Sedimentary Geology 1981, 28:79-95.
76. Turner B.R. Palaeozoic sedimentology of the southeastern part of Al Kufra Basin, Libya: a model for oil exploration. The Geology of Libya 1980, vol. 2:351-374. Academic Press, London. M.J. Salem, M.T. Busrewil (Eds.).
77. Turner B.R. Research report on the sedimentology and depositional environments of the Graafwater and Peninsula Formations in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. C.S.I.R. Pretoria, Research Report 1987, 20 pp.
78. Turner B.R. Continental sediments in South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 1990, 10:139-149.
79. Turner B.R. Southern Africa. The Phanerozoic Geology of the World, The Palaeozoic, A 1991, 1-70. Elsevier, Amsterdam. M. Moullade, A.E.M. Nairn (Eds.).
80. Vandenberghe J., Woo M.-k. Modern and ancient periglacial river types. Progress in Physical Geography 2002, 26:479-506.
81. Vandenbroucke T.R.A., Gabbott S.E., Paris F., Aldridge R.J., Theron J.N. Chitinozoans and the age of the Soom Shale, an Ordovician black shale Lagerstatte, South Africa. Journal of Micropalaeontology 2009, 28:53-66.
82. Vandenbroucke T.R.A., Armstrong H.A., Williams M., Zalasiewicz J.A., Sabbe K. Ground-truthing Late Ordovician climate models using the palaeobiology of graptolites. Palaeoceanography 2009, 24:PA4202.
83. Vandenbroucke T.R.A., Armstrong H.A., Williams M., Paris F., Sabbe K., Zalasiewicz J.A., Nolvak J., Vermers J. Epipelagic chitinozoan biotopes map a steep latitudinal temperature gradient for earliest Late Ordovician seas: Implications for a cooling Late Ordovician climate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2010, 294:202-219. available online.
84. Wang P.X. Global monsoon in a geological perspective. Chinese Science Bulletin 2009, 54:1113-1136.
85. Watts A.B., Steckler M.S. Subsidence and eustacy at the continental margin of eastern North America. AGU Maurice Ewing Series 1979, 3:218-234.