The ichnologic record of the continental invertebrate invasion: evolutionary trends in environmental expansion, ecospace utilization, and behavioral complexity

Palaios

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 217-240

  Buatois, Luis A ^a   Mángano, M Gabriela ^a   Genise, Jorge F ^b   Taylor, Thomas N ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^b MUSEO ARGENTINO DE CIENCIAS NATURALES BERNARDINO RIVADAVIA   (Argentina)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INVERTEBRATE; PHANEROZOIC; TRACE FOSSIL;

APOIDEA; ARTHROPODA; CAMBORYGMA; CARBONIFEROUS; COLEOPTERA; DIPLICHNITES; EMBRYOPHYTA; ENTOVALVA; HEXAPODA; HYMENOPTERA; INSECTA; INVERTEBRATA; ISOPTERA; MERMIA; PLANOLITES; SCOYENIA; SKOLITHOS; VESPIDAE;

EID: 0344878865     PISSN: 08831351     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1043/0883-1351(1998)013<0217:TIROTC>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (312)

1. ACEN̄OLAZA, F.G., and BUATOIS, L.A., 1991, Trazas fósiles del Paleozoico Superior Argentino: Ameghiniana, Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, v. 28, p. 89-108.
2. ACEN̄OLAZA, F.G., and BUATOIS, L.A., 1993, Nonmarine perigondwanic trace fossils from the late Paleozoic of Argentina: Ichnos, v. 2, p. 183-201.
3. ALLEN, J.R.L., and WILLIAMS, B.P.J., 1981, Beaconites antarcticus: a giant channel-associated trace fossil from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of South Wales and the Welsh Borders: Geological Journal, v. 166, p. 255-269.
4. ALMOND, J.E., 1985, The Silurian-Devonían fossíl record of the Myriapoda: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, Biological Sciences, v. 309, p 227-237.
5. AMEROM, H.W.J. VAN, 1966, Phagophyticknus ekowskii nov. ichnogen. & nov. ichnosp., eine missbildung infolge von insektenfrass, aus dem Spanischen Stephanien (Provinz León): Leidse Geologische Medelingen, v. 38, p. 181-184.
6. AMEROM, H.W.J. VAN, BROUTIN, J., FERRER, J., GAMEZ-VINTANED, J.A., GISBERT, J., and LINAN, E., 1993, Les flores du Permien basal et la paléoichnologie de la fosse de Fombuena (province de Zaragoza, Espagne): Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, v. 48, p. 1-63.
7. AMIREH, B.S., SCHNEIDER, W., and ABED, A.M., 1994, Evolving fluvial-transitional-marine deposition through the Cambrian sequence of Jordan: Sedimentary Geology, v. 89, p. 65-90.
8. ANDERSON, A., 1975a, Limulid trackways in the late Paleozoic Ecca sediments and their paleoenvironmental significance: South African Journal of Sciences, v. 71, p. 249-251.
9. ANDERSON, A., 1975b, Turbidites and arthropod trackways in the Dwyka glacial deposits (Early Permian) of southern Africa: Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 78, p. 265-273.
10. ANDERSON, A, 1981, The Umfolozia arthropod trackways in the Permian Dwyka and Ecca Series of South Africa: Journal of Paleontology, v. 55, p. 84-108.
11. ANDREIS, R., 1972, Paleosuelos de la Formación Musters (Eoceno Medio), Laguna del Mate, Provincia de Chubut, R. Argentina: Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Mineralogía, Petrografía, Sedimentología, v. 3, p. 91-97.
12. ANDREWS, J.E., 1991, Unusual nonmarine burrows from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland: Ichnos, v. 1, p. 247-253.
13. ARCHER, A.W., 1993, Reappraisal of Pennsylvanian trace-fossil assemblages in the Eastern Interior Coal Basin, U.S.A.: in ARCHER, A.W., FELDMAN, H.R., and LANIER, W.P., eds., Incised Paleovalley of the Douglas Group in northeastern Kansas: Field Guide and Related Contributions: Kansas Geological Survey Open-File Report, v. 93-24, p. 5.1-5.14.
14. ARCHER, A.W., and MAPLES, C.G., 1984, Trace-fossil distribution across a marine-to-nonmarine gradient in the Pennsylvanian of southwestern Indiana: Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 448-466.
15. ARNOLD, C.A., 1952, A specimen of Prototaxites from the Kettle Point black shale of Ontario: Palaeontographica, (B) 93, p. 45-56.
16. ASH, S.R., 1997, Evidence of arthropod-plant interaction in the Upper Triassic of the southwestern United States: Lethaia, v. 29, p. 237-248.
17. AUSICH, W.I., and BOTTJER, D.J., 1985, Phanerozoic tiering in suspension-feeding communities on soft substrata: Implications for diversity: in VALENTINE, J.W., ed., Phanerozoic Diversity Patterns: Profiles in Macroevolution, Princeton University Press, Princeton, p. 191-253.
18. AZAMBUJA FILHO, N.C., and SPADINI, A.R., 1994, Field Trip Guide to Sergipe-Alagõas as Basin: 14th International Sedimentological Congress, Recife, p. 1-26.
19. BAMBACH, R.K., 1983, Ecospace utilization and guilds in marine communities through the Phanerozoic: in TEVESZ, M.J.S., and MCCALL, P.L., eds., Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities: New York, Plenum Press, Topics in Geobiology, v. 3, p. 719-746.
20. BANKS, H.P., and COLTHART, B.J., 1993, Plant-animal-fungal interactions in Early Devonian trimerophytes from Gaspé, Canada: American Journal of Botany, v. 80, p. 992-1001.
21. BECK, A.L., and LABANDEIRA, C.C., in press, Early Permian insect folivory on a gigantopterid-dominated riparian flora from northcentral Texas: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.
22. BECK, A.L., LABANDEIRA, C.C., and MAMAY, S., 1996, Host spectrum and intensity of insect herbivory on a Lower Permian riparian flora: Implications for the early sequestering of vascular plant tissues: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, p. 105.
23. BEHRENSMEYER, A.K., HOOK, R.W., BADGLEY, C.E., BOY, J.A., CHAPMAN, R.E., DODSON, P., GASTALDO, R.A., GRAHAM, R.W., MARTIN, L.D., OLSEN, P.E., SPICER, R.A., TAGGART, R.E., and WILSON, M.V.H., 1992, Paleoenvironmental contexts and taphonomic modes: in BEHRENSMEYER, A.K., DAMUTH, J.D., DIMICHELE, W.A., POTTS, R., SUES, H.D., and WING, S.L., eds., Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time: Chicago University Press, Chicago, p. 15-136.
24. BERGSTROM, J., 1980, Missing links among the arthropods: Varv, v. 1980, p. 89-93.
25. BIRON, P.E., and DUTUIT, J.M., 1981, Figurations sédimentaires et traces d'activité au sol dans le Trias de la formation d'Argana et de l'Ourika (Maroc): Bulletin Muséum d' Histoire Naturelle, 4e s r., v. 3, p. 399-427.
26. BLAIR, K.G., 1943, Scolytidae (Col.) from the Wealden Formation: Entomologists' Monthly Magazine, v. 79, p. 59-60.
27. BLODGETT, R.H., 1984, Nonmarine depositional environments and paleosol development in the Upper Triassic Dolores Formation, southwestern Colorado: in BREW, D.C., ed., 37th Annual Meeting Rocky Mountain Section Geological Society of America, Colorado, Field Trip Guidebook, p. 46-61.
28. BLODGETT, R.H., 1988, Calcareous paleosols in the Triassic Dolores Formation, southwestern Colorado: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 216, p. 103-121.
29. BONINO DE LANGGUTH, V., 1978, Nidos de insectos fósiles del Cretácico Superior del Uruguay: Revista del Museo Argentine de Ciencias Naturales (Paleontología), v. 11, p. 69-75.
30. BOTTJER, D.J., and DROSER, M.L., 1992, Paleoenvironmental patterns of biogenic sedimentary structures: in MAPLES, C.G., and WEST, R.R., eds., Trace Fossils, Paleontological Society Short Course Notes, v. 5, p. 130-144.
31. BOTTJER, D.J., and DROSER, M.L., 1994, The history of Phanerozoic bioturbation: in DONOVAN, S.K., ed., The Palaeobiology of Trace Fossils: Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, p. 155-176.
32. BOTTJER, D.J., DROSER, M.L., and JABLONSKI, D., 1988, Palaeoenvironmental trends in the history of trace fossils: Nature, v. 333, p. 252-255.
33. BOUCOT, A.J., 1990, Evolutionary paleobiology of behavior and coevolution: Elsevier Science Publishers, New York, 750 p.
34. BOWN, T.M., 1982, Ichnofossils and rhizoliths of the nearshore fluvial Jebel Qatrani Formation (Oligocene), Fayum Province, Egypt: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 40, p. 255-309.
35. BOWN, T.M., and KRAUS, M.J., 1983, Ichnofossils of the alluvial Willwood Formation (Lower Eocene), Bighorn Basin, northwest Wyoming, U.S.A.: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 43, p. 95-128.
36. BOWN, T.M., and RATCLIFFE, B.C., 1988, The origin of Chubutolithes Ihering, ichnofossils from the Eocene and Oligocene of Chubut Province, Argentina: Journal of Paleontology, v. 62, p. 163-167.
37. BOWN, T.M., GENISE, J.F., HASIOTIS, S.T., MALDONADO, F., and BROUWERS, E.M., 1997, Trace fossils of Hymenoptera and other insects and paleoenvironments of the Claron Formation (Paleocene and Eocene), southwestern Utah: United States Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 2153, p. 42-58.
38. BRACKEN, B., and PICARD, M.D., 1984, Trace fossils from Cretaceous/ Tertiary North Horn Formation in central Utah: Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 477-487.
39. BRADDY, S.J., 1995a, The ichnotaxonomy of the invertebrate trackways of the Coconino Sandstone (Lower Permian), Northern Arizona: in LUCAS, S.G., and HECKERT, A.B., eds, Early Permian Footprints and Facies, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, v. 6, p. 219-224.
40. BRADDY, S.J., 1995b, A new arthropod trackway and associated invertebrate ichnofauna from the Lower Permian Hueco Formation of the Robledo Mountains, southern New Mexico: in Lucas, S.G., and Heckert, A.B., eds., Early Permian Footprints and Facies, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, v. 6, p. 101-105.
41. BRADSHAW, M.A., 1981, Palaeoenvironmental interpretations and systematics of Devonian trace fossils from the Taylor Group (Lower Beacon Supergroup), Antarctica: New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, v. 24, p. 615-652.
42. BRADSHAW, M.A., HARMSEN, F.J., and KIRKBRIDE, M.P., 1990, Preliminary results of the 1988-1989 expedition to the Darwin glacier area: New Zealand Antarctic Record, v. 10, p. 28-48.
43. BRADY, L.F., 1947, Invertebrate tracks from the Coconino Sandstone of northern Arizona: Journal of Paleontology, v. 21, p. 466-472.
44. BRIDGE, J.S., GORDON, E.A., and TITUS, R.C., 1986, Non-marine bivalves and associated burrows in the Catskill magnafacies (Upper Devonian) of New York State: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 55, p. 65-77.
45. BRIGGS, D.E.G., and ROLFE, W.D.I., 1983, A giant arthropod trackway from the Lower Mississippian of Pennsylvania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 57, p. 377-390.
46. BRIGGS, D.E.G., ROLFE, W.D.I., and BRANNAN, J., 1979, A gyant myriapod trail from the Namurian of Arran, Scotland: Palaeontology, v. 22, p. 273-291.
47. BRIGGS, D.E.G., PLINT, A.G., and PICKERILL, R.K., 1984, Arthropleura trails from the Westphalian of eastern Canada: Palaeontology, v. 27, p. 843-855.
48. BROMLEY, R.G., 1990, Trace Fossils: Biology and Taphonomy: Unwin Ltd., London. 280 p.
49. BROMLEY, R.G., 1996, Trace Fossils: Biology, Taphonomy and Applications: Chapman & Hall, London, 361 p.
50. BROMLEY, R.G., and ASGAARD, U., 1979, Triassic freshwater ichnocoenoses from Carlsberg Fjord, East Greenland: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 28, p. 39-80.
51. BROMLEY, R.G., and ASGAARD, U., 1991, Ichnofacies: a mixture of taphofacies and biofacies: Lethaia, v. 24, p. 153-163.
52. BROWN, R.W., 1934, Celliforma spirifer, the fossil larval chambers of mining bees: Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, v. 24, p. 532-539.
53. BROWN, R.W., 1935, Further notes on fossil larval chambers of mining bees: Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, v. 25, p. 526-528.
54. BROWN, R.W., 1941, The comb of a wasp nest from the Upper Cretaceous of Utah: American Journal of Science, v. 239, p. 54-56.
55. BRUCK, P.M., FORBES, W.H., NANCE, D., and PICKERILL, R.K., 1985, Beaconites antarcticus in the (?Middle) Late Devonian McAras Brook Formation, Cape George, Nova Scotia: Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology, v. 21, p. 87-96.
56. BRUES, C., 1936, Evidences of insect activity preserved in fossil wood: Journal of Paleontology, v. 10, p. 637-643.
57. BRUET, E., 1950, Le loess de la Republique de l'Equateur et ses nids fossiles d'insectes: Revue Française de Entomologie, v. 17, p. 280-283.
58. BUATOIS, L.A., and MÁNGANO, M.G., 1993a, Ecospace utilization, paleoenvironmental trends, and the evolution of early nonmarine biotas: Geology, v. 21, p. 595-598.
59. BUATOIS, L.A., and MÁNGANO, M.G., 1993b, Trace fossils from a Carboniferous turbiditic lake: Implications for the recognition of additional nonmarine ichnofacies: Ichnos, v. 2, p. 237-258.
60. BUATOIS, L.A., and MÁNGANO, M. G., 1994, Lithofacies and depositional processes from a Carboniferous lake, Sierra de Narváez, Northwest Argentina: Sedimentary Geology, v. 93, p. 25-49.
61. BUATOIS, L.A., and MÁNGANO, M. G., 1995a, Sedimentary dynamics and evolutionary history of a Late Carboniferous Gondwanic lake in northwestern Argentina: Sedimentology, v. 42, p. 415-436.
62. BUATOIS, L.A., and MÁNGANO, M.G., 1995b, The paleoenvironmental and paleoecological significance of the lacustrine Merrnia ichnofacies: an archetypical subaqueous nonmarine trace fossil assemblage: Ichnos, v. 4, p. 151-161.
63. BUATOIS, L.A., and MÁNGANO, M.G., 1996, Icnología de ambientes continentales: Problemas y perspectivas: Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial, no. 4, p. 5-30.
64. BUATOIS, L.A., MÁNGANO, M.G., WU, X., and ZHANG, G., 1995, Vagorichnus, a new ichnogenus for feeding burrow systems and its occurrence as discrete and compound ichnotaxa in Jurassic lacustrine turbidites of Central China: Ichnos, v. 3, p. 265-272.
65. BUATOIS, L.A., MÁNGANO, M.G., and ACEÑOLAZA, F.G., 1996a, Icnofaunas paleozoicas en sustratos firmes no marinos: Evidencias del Pérmico de la cuenca Paganzo: Ameghiniana, Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, v. 33, p. 265-270.
66. BUATOIS, L.A., MÁNGANO, M.G., WU, X., and ZHANG, G., 1996b, Trace fossils from Jurassic lacustrine turbidites of the Anyao Formation (central China) and their environmental and evolutionary significance: Ichnos, v. 4, p. 287-303.
67. BUATOIS, L.A., JALFIN, G., and ACEÑOLAZA, F.G., 1997b, Permian nonmarine invertebrate trace fossils from southern Patagonia, Argentina: Ichnologic signatures of substrate consolidation and colonization sequences: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, p. 324-336.
68. BUATOIS, L.A., MÁNGANO, M.G., MAPLES, C.G., and LANIER, W.P., 1997a, The paradox of nonmarine ichnofaunas in tidal rhythmites: Integrating sedimentologic and ichnologic data from the late Carboniferous of eastern Kansas, USA: PALAIOS, v. 12, p. 467-481.
69. CARROLL, S., 1990, The ichnology of the Old Red Sandstone of the Orcadian Basin (northern Scotland) - Contributions to analysis of sedimentary facies: 13th International Sedimentological Congress, Abstracts of Papers, p. 76.
70. CARVALHO, I.S., and FERNANDES, A.C.S., 1989, A icnofauna gondwanica de Itu: Boletim de Resumos Simposio de Geologie do Sudeste, I, Rio de Janeiro, v. 1, p. 15-16.
71. CARVALHO, I.S., and FERNANDES, A.C.S., 1993, Icnologia da Bacia de Mangabeira, Cretáceo do Ceará: Anais da Academia Brasileira do Ciências, v. 65, p. 253-264.
72. CASTRO, M.P., 1997, Evidencia de actividad biológica en plantas del Estefaniense Superior de la Magdalena (León): Revista Española de Paleontología, v, 12, p. 52-66.
73. CHIN, K., and GILL, B.D., 1996, Dinosaurs, dung beetles, and conifers: Participants in a Cretaceous food web: PALAIOS, v. 11, p. 280-285.
74. CHISHOLM, J.I., 1985, Xiphosurid burrows from the Lower Coal Measures (Westphalian A) of West Yorkshire: Palaeontology, v. 28, p. 619-628.
75. CICHAN, M.A., and TAYLOR, T.N., 1982, Wood-borings in Premnoxylon: Plant-animal interactions in the Carboniferous: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 39, p. 123-127.
76. CRANE, P.R., and JARZEMBOWSKI, E.A., 1980, Insect leaf mines fom the Palaeocene of southern England: Journal of Natural History, v. 14, p. 629-636.
77. CRIMES, T.P., 1974, Colonisation of the early ocean floor: Nature, v. 248, p. 328-330.
78. CRIMES, T.P., and CROSSLEY, J.D., 1991, A diverse ichnofauna from Silurian flysch of the Aberystwyth Grits Formation, Wales: Geological Journal, v. 26, p. 26-64.
79. CRIMES, T.P., and FEDONKIN, M.A., 1994, Evolution and dispersal of deepsea traces: Palaios, v. 9, p. 74-83.
80. D'ALESSANDRO, A., EKDALE, A.A., and DANE PICARD, M., 1987, Trace fossils in fluvial deposits of the Duchesne River Formation (Eocene), Uinta Basin, Utah: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 61, p. 285-301.
81. D'ALESSANDRO, A., LOIACONO, F., and BROMLEY, R.G., 1993, Marine and nonmarine trace fossils and plant roots in a regressional setting (Pleistocene, Italy). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 98, p. 495-522.
82. DALEY, B., 1968, Sedimentary structures from a non-marine horizon in the Bembridge Marls (Oligocene) of the Isle of Wight, Hampshire, England: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 38, p. 114-127.
83. DAM, G., and ANDREASEN, F., 1990, High-energy ephemeral stream deltas; an example from the Upper Silurian Holmestrand Formation of the Oslo Region, Norway: Sedimentary Geology, v. 66, p. 197-225.
84. DAM, G., and STEMMERIK, L., 1994, East Greenland lacustrine complexes: in Gierlowski Kordesch, E., and Kelts, K., eds., Global Geological Record of Lake Basins, v. 1: Cambridge University Press, p. 19-27.
85. DEBRIETTE, P., and GAND, G., 1990, Conséquences stratigraphiques et paléoenvironnementales de nouvelles observations paléontologiques dans le Permien de la partie occidentale du bassin de Lodeve (sud du Massif central): Géologie de la France, v. 1, p. 19-32.
86. DE GIBERT, J.M., 1995, Ichnology of the Lower Cretaceous lithographie Limestones of El Montsec (Lleida, Spain): Extended Abstracts Second International Symposium on Lithographic Limestones, Lleida-Cuenca, Extended Abstracts, p. 85-88.
87. DEMATHIEU, G., GAND, G., and TOUTIN-MOURIN, N., 1992, La palichnofaune des bassins permiens provincaux: Geobios, v. 25, p. 19-45.
88. DIMICHELE, W.A., and ARONSON, R.B., 1992, The PennsylvanianPermian vegetational transition: A terrestrial analogue to the onshore-offshore hypothesis: Evolution, v. 46, p. 807-824.
89. DIMICHELE, W.A., HOOK, R.W, BEERBOWER, R., BOY, J.A., GASTALDO, R.A., HOTTON III, N., PHILLIPS, T.L., SCHECKLER, S.E., SHEAR, W.A., and SUES, H.D., 1992, Paleozoic terrestrial ecosystems: in BEHRENSMEYER, A.K., DAMUTH, J.D., DIMICHELE, W.A., POTTS, R., SUES, H.D., and WING, S.L., eds., Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time: Chicago University Press, Chicago, p. 205-325.
90. DONOVAN, S.K., 1994, Insects and other arthropods as trace-makers in nonmarine environments and paleoenvironments: in DONOVAN, S.K., ed., The Palaeobiology of Trace Fossils: Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, p. 200-220.
91. DROSER, M.L., 1991, Ichnofabric of Paleozoic Skolithos ichnofacies and the nature and distribution of Skolithos piperock: PALAIOS, v. 5, p. 316-325.
92. DROSER, M.L., and BOTTJER, D.J., 1988, Trends in depth and extent of bioturbation in Cambrian carbonate marine environments, western United States: Geology, v. 16, p. 233-236.
93. DROSER, M.L., and BOTTJER, D.J., 1989, Ordovician increase in extent and depth of bioturbation: Implications for understanding early Paleozoic ecospace utilization: Geology, v. 17, p. 850-852.
94. EAGAR, R.M.C., BAINES, J.G., COLLINSON, J.D., HARDY, P.G., OKOLO, S.A., and POLLARD, J.E., 1985, Trace fossil assemblages and their occurrence in Silesian (Mid-Carboniferous) deltaic sediments of the central Pennine Basin, England: in CURRAN, H.A., ed., Biogenic Structures: Their use in interpreting depositional environments: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication, no. 35, p. 99-149.
95. EDWARDS, D., 1996, New insights into early land ecosystems: A glimpse of a Lilliputian world: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 90, p. 159-174.
96. EDWARDS, D., SELDEN, P.A., RICHARDSON, J.B., and AXE, L., 1995, Coprolites as evidence for plant-animal interaction in Siluro-Devonian terrestrial ecosystems: Nature, v. 377, p. 329-331.
97. EKDALE, A.A., and PICARD, M.D., 1985, Trace fossils in a Jurassic eolianite, Entrada Sandstone, Utah, U.S.A.: in CURRAN, H.A., ed., Biogenic Structures: Their use in interpreting depositional environments: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication, no. 35, p. 3-12.
98. EKDALE, A.A., BROWN, F.H., and FEIBEL, C.S., 1989, Nonmarine macroborings in Early Pleistocene algal biolithes (stromatolites) of the Turkana Basin, northern Kenya: PALAIOS, v. 4, p. 389-396.
99. ELLIOT, D.K., and NATIONS, J.D., 1989, Bee or wasp burrows from the Cretaceous Dakota Formation of northern Arizona: Abstracts of the Symposium on Southwestern Geology and Paleontology, p. 7.
100. ERWIN, D.H., 1993, The Great Paleozoic Crisis: Life and Death in the Permian: Columbia University Press, New York, 327 p.
101. EVENHUIS, N.L., 1994, Catalogue of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera): Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 600 p.
102. FAUL, H., and ROBERTS, W.A., 1951, New fossil footprints from the Navajo(?) Sandstone of Colorado: Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, p. 781-795.
103. FERNANDES, A.C.S., CARVALHO, I.S., and NETTO, R.G., 1990, Icnofosseis de invertebrados da Formação Botucatu, São Paulo (Brasil): Anais da Academia Brasileira do Ciências, v. 62, p. 242-249.
104. FITZGERALD, P.G., and BARRET, P.J., 1986, Skolithos in a Permian braided river deposit, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 52, p. 237-247.
105. FLINT, S., STEWART, D.J., and VAN RIESSEN, E.D., 1989, Reservoir geology of the Sirikit oilfield, Thailand: Lacustrine deltaic sedimentation in a Tertiary intermontane basin: in WHATELEY, M.K.G., and PICKERING, K.T., eds., Deltas: Sites and traps for fossil fuels: Geological Society of London Special Publication, no. 41, p. 223-237.
106. to Panel de Geología del Literal y lera Reunión de Geología del Uruguay, p. 47-49.
107. FRANCIS, J.C., 1975, Esquema bioestratigráfico regional de la República Oriental del Uruguay: Actas I Congreso Argentine Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía, v. 2, p. 539-568.
108. FREGENAL-MARTINEZ, M.A., BUATOIS, L.A., and MÁNGANO, M.G., 1995, Invertebrate trace fossils from Las Hoyas fossil site (Serrania de Cuenca, Spain). Paleoenvironmental interpretations: Extended Abstracts Second International Symposium on Lithographic Limestones, Lleida-Cuenca, p. 67-70.
109. FRENGUELLI, J., 1938, Nidi fossili di Scarabeidi e Vespidi: Bolletino della Societá Geologia Italiana, v. 57, p. 77-96.
110. FRENGUELLI, J., 1939, Nidos fósiles de insectos en el Terciario del Neuquén y Río Negro: Notas del Museo de La Plata (Paleontología), v. 4, p. 379-402.
111. FRENGUELLI, J., 1946, Un nido de esfégido del Cretácico del Uruguay: Notas del Museo de La Plata (Paleontología), v. 11, p. 259-267.
112. FREY, R.W., and PEMBERTON, S.G., 1987, The Psilonichnus ichnocoenose, and its relationship to adjacent marine and nonmarine ichnocoenoses along the Georgia coast: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geologists, v. 35, p. 333-357.
113. FREY, R.G., PEMBERTON, S.G., and FAGERSTROM, J. A., 1984, Morphological, ethological and environmental significance of the ichnogenera Scoyenia and Ancorichnus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 511-528.
114. FÜRSICH, F.T., 1981, Invertebrate trace fossils from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal: Comunicaçoes Servicio Geológico de Portugal, v. 67, p. 153-168.
115. GAND, G., KERP, H., PARSONS, C., and MARTÍNEZ GARCÍA, E., 1997, Palaeoenvironmental and stratigraphie aspects of animal traces and plant remains in Spanish Permian red beds (Peña Sagra, Cantabrian Mountains, Spain): Geobios, v. 30, p. 295-318.
116. GENISE, J.F., 1995, Upper Cretaceous trace fossils in permineralized plant remains from Patagonia, Argentina: Ichnos, v. 3, p. 287-299.
117. GENISE, J.F., and BOWN, T.M., 1990, The constructor of the ichnofossil Chubutolithes: Journal of Paleontology, v. 64, p.482-483.
118. GENISE, J.F., and BOWN, T.M., 1994a, New trace fossils of termites (Insecta: Isoptera) from the Late Eocene-Early Miocene of Egypt, and the reconstruction of ancient isopteran social behavior: Ichnos, v. 3, p. 155-183.
119. GENISE, J.F., and BOWN, T.M., 1994b, New Miocene scarabeid and hymenopterous nests and Early Miocene (Santacrucian) paleonvironments, patagonian Argentina: Ichnos, v. 3, p. 107-117.
120. GENISE, J.F., and BOWN, T.M., 1996, Uruguay Roselli 1938 and Rosellichnus, n. ichnogenus: Two ichnogenera for clusters of fossil bee cells: Ichnos, v. 4, p. 199-217.
121. GENISE, J.F., and HAZELDINE, P.L., 1995, A new insect trace fossil in Jurassic wood from Patagonia, Argentina: Ichnos, v. 4, p. 1-5.
122. GEVERS, T.W., and TWOMEY, A., 1982, Trace fossils and their environment in Devonian (Silurian?) Lower Beacon strata in the Asgaard Range, Victoria Land, Antarctica: in CRADDOCK, C., LOVELESS, J.K., VIERIMA, T.L., and CRAWFORD, K.A., eds., Antarctic geoscience: University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, p. 639-647.
123. GEVERS, T.W., FRAKES, L.A., EDWARDS, L.N., and MARZOLFF, J.E., 1971, Trace fossils in the Lower Beacon sediments (Devonian), Darwin Mountains, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica: Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, p. 81-94.
124. GIBBARD, P.L., 1977, Fossil tracks from varved sediments near Lammi, south Finland: Geological Society of Finland Bulletin, v. 49, p. 53-57.
125. GIBBARD, P.L., and DREIMANIS, A., 1978, Trace fossils from late Pleistocene glacial lake sediments in southwestern Ontario, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 15, p. 1967-1976.
126. GIBBARD, P.L., and STUART, A.J., 1974, Trace fossils from proglacial lake sediments: Boreas, v. 3, p. 69-74.
127. GIERLOWSKI-KORDESCH, E., 1991, Ichnology of an ephemeral lacustrine/alluvial plain system: Jurassic East Berlin formation, Hartford Basin, USA: Ichnos, v. 1, p. 221-232.
128. GILMORE, C.W., 1926, Fossil footprints from the Grand Canyon: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 77, p. 1-41.
129. GILMORE, C.W., 1927, Fossil footprints from the Grand Canyon; second contribution: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 80, p. 1-78.
130. GLAESSNER, M.F., 1957, Paleozoic arthropod trails from Australia: Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 31, p. 103-109.
131. GLUSZEK, A., 1995, Invertebrate trace fossils in the continental deposits of an Upper Carboniferous coal-bearing succession, Upper Silesia, Poland: Studia Geologica Polonica, v. 108, p. 171-202.
132. GOLDRING, R., and SEILACHER, A., 1971, Limulid undertracks and their sedimentological implications: Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 137, p. 422-442.
133. GORDON, E.A., 1988, Body and trace fossils from the Middle-Upper Devonian Catskill magnafacies, southeastern New York, U.S.A.: in MCMILLAN, N.J., EMBRY, A.F., and GLASS, D.J., eds., The De- vonian of the World: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 14, p. 139-155.
134. GRADZINSKI, R., and UCHMAN, A., 1994, Trace fossil from interdune deposits - an example from the Lower Triassic aeolian Tumlin Sandstone, central Poland: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 108, p. 121-138.
135. GRAHAM, J.R., and POLLARD, J.E., 1982, Occurrence of the trace fossil Beaconites antarcticus in the Lower Carboniferous fluviatile rocks of County Mayo, Ireland: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 38, p. 257-268.
136. GRASSÉ, P., 1986, Termitologia, Tome III: Masson Ed., Paris, 713 p.
137. GRAUVOGEL-STAMM, L., and KELBER, K.P., 1996, Plant-insect interactions and coevolution during the Triassic in western Europe: Paleontologia Lombarda, v. 5, p. 5-23.
138. GRAY, J., 1988, Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: The fossil record: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 62, p. 1-214.
139. GREGORY, I., 1969, Worm-bored poplar from the Eocene of Oregon: The Ore Bin, v. 31, p. 184-185.
140. GUERRA-SOMMER, M., MENDEZ PICCOLO, A.E., and DIAS FABRICIO, M.E., 1984, Icnofosseis em varvitos do Grupo Itararé, Permiano Inferior, Bacia do Paraná, Rs, Brasil: III Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología, Memoria, México, p. 130-139.
141. GUO, S., 1991, A Miocene trace fossil of insect from Shanwang Formation in Linqu, Shandong: Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 30, p. 739-742 (In Chinese with English summary).
142. HANDLIRSCH, A., 1910, Fossile Wespennester: Berichte Senckenbergischer Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, v. 41, p. 265-266.
143. HANKEN, N.M., and STORMER, L., 1975, The trail of a large Silurian eurypterid: Fossils and Strata, v. 4, p. 255-270.
144. HARLAND, W.B., ARMSTRONG, R.L., COX, A.V., CRAIG, L.E., SMITH, A.G., and SMITH, D.G., 1990, A Geologic Time Scale 1989: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 263 p.
145. HASIOTIS, S.T., ASLAN, A., and BOWN, T.M., 1993b, Origin, architecture, and paleoecology of the early Eocene continental ichnofossil Scaphichnium hamatum - integration of ichnology and paleopedology: Ichnos, v. 3, p. 1-9.
146. HASIOTIS, S.T., and DEMKO, T.M., 1996a, Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nest ichnofossils, Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado Plateau: Evolutionary and ecologic implications: Annual Meeting Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, p. A-106.
147. HASIOTIS, S.T., and DEMKO, T.M., 1996b, Terrestrial and freshwater trace fossils, Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado Plateau: in MORALES, M., ed., The Continental Jurassic: Bulletin of the Museum of Northern Arizona, v. 60, p. 355-370.
148. HASIOTIS, S.T., and DUBIEL, R.F., 1994, Ichnofossil tiering in Triassic alluvial paleosols: Implications for Pangean continental rocks and paleoclimate: in BEAUCHAMP, B., EMBRY, A.F., and GLASS, D., eds., Pangea: Global Environments and Resources: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, nr. 17, p. 311-317.
149. HASIOTIS, S., and DUBIEL, R.F., 1995, Termite (Insecta: Isoptera) nest ichnofossils from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona: Ichnos v. 4, p. 119-130.
150. HASIOTIS, S.T., and HONEY, J.G., 1994, Crayfish burrows and their paleohydrologic significance in Paleocene continental deposits, Washakie, Great Divide, and Hanna Basins, Wyoming, USA: Freshwater Crayfish X, Proceedings of the International Association of Astacology Tenth Symposium, p. 105-117.
151. HASIOTIS, S.T., and MITCHELL, C.E., 1993, A comparison of crayfish burrow morphologies: Triassic and Holocene fossil, paleo- and neoichnological evidence, and the identification of their burrowing signatures: Ichnos, v. 2, p. 291-314.
152. HASIOTIS, S.T., MITCHELL, C.E., and DUBIEL, R.F., 1993a, Application of morphologic burrow interpretations to discern continental burrow architects: lungfish or crayfish?: Ichnos, v. 2, p. 315-333.
153. HASIOTIS, S., DUBIEL. R.F., and DEMKO, T.M., 1995, Triassic hyrnenopterous nests: Insect eusociality predates angiosperm plants: 47th Annual Meeeting of the Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain Section, Abstracts with Programs, p 13.
154. HASIOTIS, S.T., BOWN, T.M., KAY, P.T., DUBIEL, R.F., and DEMKO, T.M., 1996, The ichnofossil record of hymenopteran nesting behavior from Mesozoic and Cenozoic pedogenic and xylic sub- strates: Examples of relative stasis, Sixth North American Paleontological Convention, Abstracts of Papers: The Paleontological Society, Special Publication, v. 8, p. 165.
155. HAUBOLD, H., 1982, Die Lebewelt des Rotliegenden. A: Ziensen Verlag, Wittenberg, Lutherstadv, 246 p.
156. HIGGS, R., 1988, Fish trails in the Upper Carboniferous of south-west England: Palaeontology, v. 31, p. 256-272.
157. HIGGS, R., 1991, The Bude Formation (lower Westphalian), SW England: Siliciclastic shelf sedimentation in a large equatorial lake: Sedimentology, v. 38, p. 445-470.
158. HOCKING, R.M., 1991, The Silurian Tumblagooda Sandstone, Western Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia Report, v. 27, p. 1-124.
159. HOLUB, V., and KOZUR, H., 1981, Arthropodenfährten aus dem Rotliegenden Europas: Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck, v. 11, p. 195-242.
160. HORODYSKI, R.J., and KNAUTH, L.P., 1994, Life on land in the Precambrian: Science, v. 263, p. 494-498.
161. HOTTON, C.L., HUEBER, F.M., and LABANDEIRA, C.C., 1996, Plant-arthropod interactions from early terrestrial ecosystems: Two Devonian examples: Sixth North American Paleontological Convention, Abstract of Papers: Paleontological Society Special Publication, no. 8, p. 181.
162. HOUSTON, T.F., 1987, Fossil brood cells of stenotritid bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from the Pleistocene of South Australia: Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, v. 111, p. 93-97.
163. JARZEMBOWSKI, E., 1990, A boring beetle from the Wealden of the Wealde: in BOUCOT, A.J., ed., Evolutionary Paleobiology of Behavior and Coevolution: Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 373-376.
164. JOHNSON, E.W., BRIGGS, D.E.G., SUTHREN, R.J., WRIGHT, J.L., and, TUNNCLIFF, S.P., 1994, Non-marine arthropod traces from the subaerial Ordovician Borrowdale Volcanic Group, English Lake District: Geological Magazine, v. 131, p. 395-406.
165. JONES, M.L., 1969, Boring of shell by Caobangia in freshwater snails of Southeast Asia: American Zoologist, v. 9, p. 829-835.
166. KEIGHLEY, D.G., and PICKERILL, R.K., 1994, The ichnogenus Beaconites and its distinction from Ancorichnus and Taenidium: Palaeontology, v. 37, p. 305-337.
167. KEVAN, P.G., CHALONER, W.G., and SAVILE, D.B.O., 1975, Interrelationships of early terrestrial arthropods and plants: Palaeontology, v. 18, p. 391-417.
168. KIM, J.Y., and PAIR, I.S., 1997, Nonmarine Diplocraterion luniforme (Blanckenhorn 1916) from the Hasandong Formation (Cretaceous) of the Jinju area, Korea: Ichnos, v. 5, p. 131-138.
169. KLUESSENDORF, J., and MIKULIC, D.G., 1990, Temporal patterns in the arthropod trace-fossil record: in MIKULIC, D.G., ed., Arthropod Paleobiology: Paleontological Society Short Course Notes, no. 3, p. 66-98.
170. KOPASKA-MERKEL, E.C., 1988, Trace-fossil frequency modes and arthropod growth: Northeastern Geology, v. 10, p. 300-306.
171. KOZLOV, M.V., 1988, Paleontology of lepidopterans and problems of the phylogeny of the order Papilionida: in PONOMARENKO, A.G., ed., The Mesozoic Biocoenotic Crisis in the Evolution of Insects: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, p. 16-69 (In Russian).
172. KOZUR, H.W., 1981, Weitere Beiträge zur Paläontologie und Stratigraphie des Perm: Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck, v. 11, p. 243-257.
173. KOZUR, H.W., and LEMONE, D.V., 1995, New terrestrial arthropod trackways from the Abo Member (Sterlitamakian, late Sakmarian, late Wolfcampian) of the Shalem Colony section, Robledo Mountains, New Mexico: in LUCAS, S.G., and HECKERT, A.B., eds., Early Permian footprints and faciés: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, v. 6, p. 107-113.
174. KOZUR, H., LOFFLER, M., and SITTIG, E., 1994, First evidence of Paleohelcura (arthropod trackway) in the Rotliegend of Europe: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, v. 10, p. 613-632.
175. KRASSILOV, V.A., and RASNITSYN, A.P., 1997, Pollen in the guts of Permian insects: First evidence of pollinovory and its evolutionary significance: Lethaia, v. 29, p. 369-372.
176. KUKALOVA-PECK, J., 1987, New Carboniferous Diplura, Monura, and Thysanura, the hexapod ground plan, and the role of thoracic side lobes in the origin of wings (Insecta): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 65, p. 2327-2345.
177. KUKALOVÁ-PECK, J., 1990, Fossil History and the Evolution of Hexapod Structures: in NAUMANN, T.D., ed., Insects of Australia, 2nd Edition: CSIRO, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, p. 141-179.
178. LABANDEIRA, C.C., 1996, The presence of a distinctive insect herbivore fauna during the Late Paleozoic: Sixth North American Paleontological Convention Abstract of Papers, Paleontological Society Special Publication, no. 8, p. 227.
179. LABANDEIRA, C.C., 1997a, Early history of arthropod and vascular plant associations: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 26, p. 329-377.
180. LABANDEIRA, C.C., 1997b, Insect mouthparts: Ascertaining the paleobiology of insect feeding strategies: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, v. 28. p. 153-193.
181. LABANDEIRA, C.C., in press, Insect diversity in deep time: Implications for the Modern Era: in STEINER, W.W., ed., The Role of Insect Diversity in Agriculture: Ecological, Evolutionary and Practical Considerations: Biological Resources Division, U.S. Department of the Interior.
182. LABANDEIRA, C.C., and BEALL, B., 1990, Arthropod terrestriality: in MIKULIC, D.G., ed., Arthropod Paleobiology: Paleontological Society Short Course Notes, no. 3, p. 214-256.
183. LABANDEIRA, C.C., and PHILLIPS, T.L., 1996a, A Carboniferous insect gall: Insight into early ecologic history of the Holometabola: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, v. 93, p. 8470-8474.
184. LABANDEIRA, C.C., and PHILLIPS, T.L., 1996b, Insect fluid-feeding on Upper Pennsylvanian tree ferns (Palaeodictyoptera, Marattiales) and the Early history of the Piercing-and-sucking functional feeding group: Annals of the Entomological Society of America, v. 89, p. 157-183.
185. LABANDEIRA, C.C., and SEPKOSKI, J.J., 1993, Insect diversity in the fossil record: Science, v. 261, p. 310-315.
186. LABANDEIRA, C.C., BEALL, B., and HUEBER, F., 1988, Early insect diversification: Evidence from a lower Devonian bristletail from Québec: Science, v. 242, p. 913-916.
187. LABANDEIRA, C.C., DILCHER, D.L., DAVIS, D.R., and WAGNER, D.L., 1994, Ninety-seven million years of angiosperm-insect association: Paleobiologic insights into the meaning of coevolution: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, v. 91, p. 12278-12282.
188. LABANDEIRA, C.C., PHILLIPS, T.L., and NORTON, R.A., 1997, Oribatid mites and the decomposition of plant tissues in Paleozoic coalswamp forests: PALAIOS, v. 12, p. 319-353.
189. LAWS, R.R., HASIOTIS, S.T., FIORILLO, A.R., CHURE, D.J., BREITHAUPT, B.H., and HORNER, J.R., 1996, The demise of a Jurassic Morrison dinosaur after death - Three cheers for the dermistid beetle: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, p. A-299.
190. LAZA, J., 1982, Signos de actividad atribuibles a Atta (Myrmicidae) en el Mioceno de la Provincia de La Pampa, República Argentina. Significación paleozoogeográfica: Ameghiniana, Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, v. 19, p. 109-124.
191. LAZA, J., 1986a, Icnofósiles de paleosuelos del Cenozoico mamalífero de Argentina. I Paleogeno: Boletín Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, v. 15, p. 19.
192. LAZA, J., 1986b, Icnofósiles de paleosuelos del Cenozoico mamalífero de Argentina. II Neogeno: Bolet́in Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, v. 15, p. 13.
193. LAZA, J., 1995, Signos de actividad de insectos: in ALBERDI, M.T., LEONE, G., and TONNI, E.P., eds., Evolución biológica y climática de la región pampeana durante los últimos cinco millones de años: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, p. 340-361.
194. LINCK, O., 1949, Fossile bohrgänge an einen Keuperholz: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, v. B (4-6), p. 180-185.
195. LITTLE, C., 1990, The Terrestrial Invasion. An Ecophysiological Approach to the Origins of Land Animals: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 304 p.
196. LOCKLEY, M.G., HUNT, A.P., and MEYER, C.A., 1994, Vertebrate tracks and the ichnofacies concept: Implications for palaeoecology and palichnostratigraphy: in DONOVAN, S.K., ed., The Palaeobiology of Trace Fossils: Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, p. 241-268.
197. MACNAUGHTON, R.B., and PICKERILL, R.K., 1995, Invertebrate ichnology of the nonmarine Lepreau Formation (Triassic), southern New Brunswick, eastern Canada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 69, p. 160-171.
198. MÁNGANO, M.G., BUATOIS, L.A., WU, X., SUN, J., and ZHANG, G., 1994, Sedimentary facies, depositional processes and climatic controls in a Triassic lake, Tanzhuang Formation, western Henan Province, China: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 11, p. 41-65.
199. MAPLES, C.G., and ARCHER, A., 1989, The potential of Paleozoic nonmarine trace fossils for paleoecological interpretations: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 73, p. 185-195.
200. MARTEL, A.T., and GIBLING, M.R., 1991, Wave-dominated lacustrine facies and tectonically controlled cyclicity in the Lower Carboniferous Horton Bluff Formation, Nova Scotia, Canada: in ANADÓN, P., CABRERA, L., and KELTS, K., eds., Lacustrine facies analysis: International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication, no. 13, p. 223-243.
201. MCCALL, P.L., and TEVESZ, M.J.S., 1982, The effects of benthos on physical properties of freshwater sediments: in MCCALL, P.L., and TEVESZ, M.J.S., eds., Animal-Sediment Relations, The Biogenic Alteration of Sediments: Topics in Geobiology, v. 2, Plenum Press, New York, p. 105-176.
202. MELCHOR, R., and POIRÉ, D., 1992, Invertebrate and tetrapod ichnocoenoses from a Permian fluvial/lacustrine sequence: Carapacha Fm., La Pampa province, Argentina: Reunión Argentina de Sedimentología, IV, La Plata, Actas v. 2, p. 247-254.
203. METZ, R., 1992, Trace fossils from the Lower Jurassic nonmarine Towaco Formation, New Jersey: Northeastern Geology, v. 14, p. 29-34.
204. METZ, R., 1993, A new ichnospecies of Spongeliomorpha from the Late Triassic of New Jersey: Ichnos, v. 2, p. 259-262.
205. METZ, R., 1995, Ichnologic study of the Lockatong Formation (Late Triassic), Newark Basin, southeastern Pennsylvania: Ichnos, v. 4, p. 43-51.
206. METZ, R., 1996. Newark Basin ichnology: The Late Triassic Perkasie Member of the Passaic Formation, Sanatoga, Pennsylvania: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 18, p. 118-129.
207. MIKULÁS, R., 1995, Trace fossils from the Paseky Shale (Early Cambrian, Czech Republic): Journal of the Czech Geological Society, v. 40, p. 27-14.
208. MIKULIC, D.G., BRIGGS, D.E.G., and KLUESSENDORF, J., 1985, A Silurian soft-bodied biota: Science, v. 228, p. 715-717.
209. MILLER, G.D., 1986, The sediments and trace fossils of the Rough Rock Group on Cracken Edge, Derbyshire: Mercian Geologists, v. 10, p. 189-202.
210. MILLER, M.F., 1979, Paleoenvironmental distribution of trace fossils in the Catskill deltaic complex, New York State: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 28, p. 117-141.
211. MILLER, M.F., 1984, Distribution of biogenic structures in Paleozoic non-marine and marine-margin sequences: An actualistic model: Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 550-570.
212. MILLER, M.F., COLLINSON, J.W., and FRISCH, R.A., 1991, Depositional setting and history of a Permian post-glacial black shale: Mackellar Formation, Central Transantarctic Mountains: in ULBRICH, H., and ROCHA CAMPOS, A.C., eds., Gondwana Seven Proceedings, São Paulo, p. 201-215.
213. NARBONNE, G.M., 1984, Trace fossils in Upper Silurian tidal flat to basin slope carbonates of Arctic Canada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 398-115.
214. NARBONNE, G.M., GIBLING, M.R., and JONES, B., 1979, Polarichnus, a new trace fossil from Silurian-Devonian strata of Arctic Canada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 53, p. 133-141.
215. NETTO, R.G., 1989, Paleoicnologia das sequencias eólicas sotopostas a Formacao Botucatu no Rio Grande do Sul: Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, v. 28, p. 31-44.
216. PEMBERTON, S.G., FREY, R.W., and SAUNDERS, T.D.A., 1990, Trace Fossils: in BRIGGS, D.E.G., and CROWTHER, P.R., eds., Palaeobiol- ogy, a Synthesis: Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, p. 355-362.
217. PEMBERTON, S.G., MACEACHERN, J.A., and FREY, R.W., 1992, Trace fossil facies models: Environmental and allostratigraphic significance: in WALKER, R.G., and JAMES, N.P., eds., Facies models response to sea level changes: Geological Association of Canada, p. 47-72.
218. PICKERILL, R.K., 1992, Carboniferous nonmarine invertebrate ichnocoenoses from southern New Brunswick, eastern Canada: Ichnos, v. 2, p. 21-35.
219. PLINT, G.A., and PICKERILL, R.K., 1985, Non-marine Teredolites from the Middle Eocene of southern England: Lethaia, v. 18, p. 341-347.
220. PLUMSTEAD, E.P., 1963, The influence of plants and environment on the developing animal life in Karoo times: South African Journal of Sciences, v. 59, p. 147-152.
221. POLLARD, J.E., 1985, Isopodichnus, related arthropod traces and notostracans from Triassic fluvial sediments: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, v. 76, p. 273-285.
222. POLLARD, J.E., and HARDY, P.G., 1991, Trace fossils from the Westphalian D of Writhlington Geologica Nature Reserve, nr. Radstock, Avon: Geologists' Association Proceedings, v. 102, p. 169-178.
223. POLLARD, J.E., and LOVELL, J.P.B., 1976. Trace fossils from the Permo-Triassic of Arran: Scottish Journal of Geology, v. 12, p. 209-225.
224. POLLARD, J.E., and WALKER, E., 1984, Reassessment of sediments and trace fossils from Old Red Sandstone (Lower Devonian) of Dunure, Scotland, described by John Smith (1909): Geobios, v. 17, p. 567-576.
225. POLLARD, J.E., STEEL, R.J., and UNDERSRUD, E., 1982, Facies sequences and trace fossils in lacustrine/fan delta deposits, Hornelen Basin (M. Devonian), western Norway: Sedimentary Geology, v. 32, p. 63-87.
226. POTTS, R., BEHRENSMEYER, A.K., TAGGART, R.E., SPAULDING, W.G., HARRIS, J.A., VAN VALKENBURGH, B., MARTIN, L.D., DAMUTH, J.D. and FOLEY, R., 1992, Late Cenozoic terrestrial ecosystems: in BEHRENSMEYER, A.K., DAMUTH, J.D., DIMICHELE, W.A., POTTS, R., SUES, H.D., and WING, S.L., eds., Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time: Chicago University Press, Chicago, p. 419-541.
227. RASNITSYN, A.P., and KRASSILOV, V.A., 1996a, First find of pollen grains in the gut of Permian insects: Paleontological Journal, v. 30, p. 484-490.
228. RASNITSYN, A.P., and KRASSILOV, V.A., 1996b, Pollen in the gut contents of fossil insects as evidence of coevolution: Paleontological Journal, v. 30, p. 716-722.
229. RATCLIFFE, B.C., and FAGERSTROM, J.A., 1980, Invertebrate lebensspuren of Holocene floodplains: Their morphology, origin and paleoecological significance: Journal of Paleontology, v. 54, p. 614-630.
230. RETALLACK, G. J., 1984, Trace fossils of burrowing beetles and bees in an Oligocene paleosol, Badlands National Park, South Dakota: Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 571-592.
231. RETALLACK, G.J., and FEAKES, C.R., 1987, Trace fosssil evidence for Late Ordovician animals on land: Science, v. 235, p. 61-63.
232. RINDSBERG, A.K., 1990, Freshwater to marine trace fossils of the Mary Lee Coal zone and overlying strata (Westphalian A), Pottsville Formation of northern Alabama: in GASTALDO, R.A., DEMKO, T.M., and LIU, Y., eds., Carboniferous coastal environments and paleocommunities of the Mary Lee Coal zone, Marion and Walker counties, Alabama: A guidebook for field trip VI, Southeastern Section, Geological Society of America: Geological Survey of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, p. 82-95.
233. RITCHIE, J.M., 1987, Trace fossils of burrowing Hymenoptera from Laetoli: in LEAKEY, D.M., and HARRIS, J.M., ed., Laetoli, a Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania: Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 433-438.
234. ROCHA-CAMPOS, A.C., 1967, The Tubarao Group in the Brazilian portion of the Paraná Basin: in BIGARELLA, J.J., BECKER, R.D., and PINTO, I.D., eds., Problems in Brazilian Gondwana Geology: Curitiba, p. 27-102.
235. ROGERS, R.R., 1992, Non-marine borings in dinosaur bones from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation, northwestern Montana: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 12, p. 528-531.
236. ROHR, D.M., BOUCOT, A.J., MILLER, J., and ABBOTT, M., 1986, Oldest termite nest from the Upper Cretaceous of west Texas: Geology, v. 14, p. 87-88.
237. ROLFE, W.D.I., 1980, Early invertebrate terrestrial faunas: in PANCHEN, A.L., ed., The Terrestrial Environment and the Origin of Land Vertebrates: Academic Press, London, p. 117-157.
238. ROLFE, W.D.I., 1985, Early terrestrial arthropods: A fragmentary record: in CHALONER, W.G., and LAWSON, J.D., eds., Evolution and environment in the Late Silurian and Devonian: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, v. B, 309, p. 207-218.
239. ROMANO, M., and MELENDEZ, B., 1979, An arthropod (Merostome) ichnocoenosis from the Carboniferous of northwest Spain: Compte Rendu Neuvième Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère, v. 5, p. 317-325.
240. RONOV, A.B., KHAIN, V.E., BALUKHOVSKI, A.N., and SESLAVINSKI, K.B., 1980, Quantitative analysis of Phanerozoic sedimentation: Sedimentary Geology, v. 25, p. 311-325.
241. ROSELLI, F.L., 1938, Apuntes de geología y paleontología uruguaya. Sobre insectos del Cretácico del Uruguay o descubrimiento de admirables instintos constructivos de esa época: Boletín de la Sociedad Amigos de las Ciencias Naturales "Kraglievich-Fontana," v. 1, p. 72-102.
242. ROSELLI, F.L., 1987, Paleoicnología. Nidos de insectos fósiles de la cubertura mesozoica del Uruguay: Publicaciones del Museo Municipal de Nueva Palmira, v. 1, p. 1-56.
243. ROZEFELDS, A.C., and DE BAAR, M., 1991, Silicified Kalotermitidae (Isoptera) frass in conifer wood from a mid-Tertiary rainforest in central Queensland, Australia: Lethaia, v. 24, p. 439-442.
244. ROZEFELDS, A.C., and I. SOBBE, 1987, Problematic insect leaf mines from the Upper Triassic Ipswich Coal Measures of southeastern Queensland, Australia: Alcheringa, v. 11, p. 51-57.
245. RUSCONI, C., 1948, Notas sobre fósiles ordovícicos y triásicos de Mendoza: Revista del Museo de Historia Natural de Mendoza, v. 2, p. 245-254.
246. SADLER, C.J., 1993, Arthropod trace fossils from the Permian De Chelly Sandstone, northeastern Arizona: Journal of Paleontology, v. 67, p. 240-249.
247. SANDS, W.A., 1987, Ichnocoenoses of probable termite origin from Laetoli: in LEAKEY, D. M., and HARRIS, J.M., ed., Laetoli, a Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania: Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 409-433.
248. SARKAR, S., and CHAUDHURI, A.K., 1992, Trace fossils in Middle Triassic fluvial redbeds, Pranhita-Godavari Valley, south India: Ichnos, v. 2, p. 7-19.
249. SARKAR, S., BANERJEE, S., and BOSE, P.K., 1996, Trace fossils in the Mesoproterozoic Koldaha Shale, Central India, and their implications: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläntologie Monatshefte, H.7, p. 425-438.
250. SAUER, E., and SCHEREMMER, F., 1969, Fossil Insekten-Bauten aus dem Tertiär des Hegaus (S-Deutschland): Senckenbergiana Lethaea, v. 50, p. 1-19.
251. SAUER, N., 1955, Coprinisphaera ecuadorensis, un fósil singular del Pleistocene: Boletín Instituto de Ciencias Naturales del Ecuador v. 2, p. 123-129.
252. SAUER, N., 1956, Coprinisphaera ecuadoriensis (bola de canaghua) y las esferas elaboradas actualmente por escarabajos de la familia Scarabeidae: Boletin Institute de Ciencias Naturales (Ecuador) v. 75, p. 550-555.
253. SAVAGE, N.M., 1971, A varvite ichnocoenosis from the Dwyka Series in Natal: Lethaia, v. 4, p. 217-233.
254. SCHENK, E., 1937, Insektenfrassgäge oder Bohrlöher von Pholadiden in Ligniten aus dem Braunkohlenflora bei Kön: Neues Jahrbuch fü Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläntologie, v. 77, p. 392-401.
255. SCHMIDT, W., SCHURMANN M., and TEICHMÜLER, M., 1958, Biss-Spuren un Frühten des Miozä-Waldes der niederrheinischen Braunkohlen-Formation: Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen, v. 2, p. 563-572.
256. SCHNEIDER, J., CHMAEV, M.I., and WALTER, H., 1992, Paläbiogeographie und stratigraphie von tetrapoden-und arthropoden-fahrten aus dem paralischen Oberkarbon und Perm (Gzhel/Assel) des Do netz Bassins: Freiberger Forschungssheft, v. C 445, Paläntologie, p. 104-121.
257. SCHWAB, K., 1966, Ein neuer Fund von Scoyenia gracilis White, 1929: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte, v. 1966, p. 326-332.
258. SCOTT, A.C., 1992, Trace-fossils of plant-arthropod interactions: in MAPLES, C. G., and WEST, R. R., eds., Trace Fossils, Short Courses in Paleontology, v. 5, p. 197-223.
259. SCOTT, A.C., and TAYLOR, T.N., 1983, Plant/Animal interactions during the Upper Carboniferous: The Botanical Review, v. 49, p. 259-307.
260. SCOTT, A.C., STEPHENSON, J., and CHALONER, W.G., 1992, Interaction and coevolution of plants an arthropods during the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, v. B 335, p. 129-165.
261. SCOTT, A.C., STEPHENSON, J., and COLLINSON, M.E., 1996, The fossil record of leaves with galls: Systematics Association Special Volume, v. 49, p. 447-470.
262. SEILACHER, A., 1963, Lebensspuren und sakinitatsfazies: Fortschritte in der Geologie Rheinland und Westfalen, v. 10, p. 81-94.
263. SEILACHER, A., 1967, Bathymetry of trace fossils: Marine Geology, v. 5, p. 413-428.
264. SEILACHER, A, 1974, Flysch trace fossils: Evolution of behavioural diversity in the deep-sea: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte, v. 1974, p. 233-245.
265. SEILACHER, A., 1977, Evolution of trace fossil communities: in HALLAM, A., ed., Patterns of Evolution: Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 359-376.
266. SELLEY, R.C., 1970, Ichnology of Paleozoic sandstones in the Southern Desert of Jordan: A study of trace fossils in their sedimentologic context: in CRIMES, T.P., and HARPER, J.C., eds., Trace fossils: Geological Journal Special Issue, no. 3, Seel House Press, Liverpool, p. 477-488.
267. SEPKOSKI, J.J., JR., 1991, A model of onshore-offshore change in faunal diversity: Paleobiology, v. 17, p. 58-77.
268. SEPKOSKI, J.J., JR., and HULVER, M.L., 1985, An atlas of Phanerozoic clade diversity diagramms: in VALENTINE, J.W., ed., Phanerozoic Diversity Patterns: Profiles in Macroevolution, Princeton University Press, p. 11-39.
269. SEPKOSKI, J.J., JR., and MILLER, A.I., 1985, Evolutionary faunas and the distribution of Paleozoic benthic communities is space and time: in VALENTINE, J.W., ed., Phanerozoic Diversity Patterns: Profiles in Macroevolution, Princeton University Press, p. 153-190.
270. SEPKOSKI, J.J., JR., and SHEEHAN, P.M., 1983, Diversification, faunal change, and community replacement during the Ordovician radiation: in TEVESZ, M.J.S., and MCCALL, P.L., eds., Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities: Topics in Geobiology, v. 3, Plenum Press, New York, p. 673-717.
271. SHAROV, A.G., 1973, Morphological features and mode of life of the Palaeodictyoptera: in BEI-BENKO, G.Y., ed., Readings in the Memory of Nikolaj Aleksandrovich Kholodkovsky: Science Publications, Leningrad, p. 49-63 (in Russian).
272. SHEAR, W.A., 1991, The early development of terrestrial ecosystems: Nature, v. 351, p. 283-289.
273. SHEAR, W.A., and KUKALOVA-PECK, J., 1990, The ecology of Paleozoic terrestrial arthropods: the fossil evidence: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 68, p. 1807-1834.
274. SHEAR, W.A., BONAMO, P.M., GRIERSON, J.D., ROLFE, W.D.I., SMITH, E.L., and NORTON, R.A., 1984, Early land animals in North America: Evidence from Devonian Age arthropods from Gilboa, New York: Science, v. 224, p. 492-494.
275. SHERWOOD-PIKE, M.A., and GRAY, J., 1985, Silurian fungal remains: Probable records of the Class Ascomycetes: Lethaia, v. 18, p. 1-20.
276. SITTIG, W., 1927, Blattminierende Insektenlarven: Natur und Museum, v. 57, p. 348-350.
277. SMITH, P.R., HARPER, A.S., and WOOD, M.F., 1982, Nonmarine trace fossils in the Mio-Pliocene Ridge Basin Group, southern California: in CROMWELL, J.C., and LINK, M.H., eds., Geologic History of Ridge Basin, Southern California: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, p. 253-258.
278. SMITH, R.M.H., MASON, T.R., and WARD, J.D., 1993, Flash-flood sed- iments and ichnofacies of the Late Pleistocene Homeb Silts, Kuiseb River, Namibia: Sedimentary Geology, v. 85, p. 579-599.
279. STEPHENSON, J., and SCOTT, A.C., 1992, The geological history of insect-related plant damage: Terra Nova, v. 4, p. 542-552.
280. STRAUS, A., 1977, Gallen, Minen und andere Frasspuren im Pliokän von Willershausen am Harz: Verhandlungen des Botanischen Vereins der Provinz Brandeburg, v. 113, p. 41-80.
281. TANDON, S.K., and NAUG, B., 1984, Facies-trace fossil relationships in a Plio-Pleistocene fluvial sequence-the Upper Siwalik Subgroup, Punjab Sub-Himalaya, India: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 47, p. 277-299.
282. TAYLOR, T.N., and SCOTT, A.C., 1983, Interactions of plants and animals during the Carboniferous: Bioscience, v. 33, p. 488-493.
283. THAYER, C.W., 1983, Sediment-mediated biological disturbance and the evolution of marine benthos: in TEVESZ, M.J.S., and MCCALL, P.L., eds., Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities: Topics in Geobiology, v. 3, Plenum Press, New York, p. 480-625.
284. TIDWELL, W.D., and ASH, S.R., 1990, On the Upper Jurassic stem Hermanophyton and its species from Colorado and Utah, USA: Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, v. 218, p. 77-92.
285. TILLYARD, R.J., 1922, Mesozoic insects of Queensland. No. 9. Orthoptera and additions to the Protorthoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera and Planipennia: Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, v. 47, p. 447-470.
286. TREWIN, N.H., 1976, Isopodichnus in a trace fossil assemblage from the Old Red Sandstone: Lethaia, v. 9, p. 29-37.
287. TREWIN, N.H., 1986, Paleoecology and sedimentology of the Achanarras fish bed of the Middle Old Red Sandstone, Scottland: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, v. 77, p. 21-46.
288. TREWIN, N.H., 1993, Controls on fluvial deposition in mixed fluvial and aeolian facies within the Tumblagooda Sandstone (Late Silurian) of Western Australia: Sedimentary Geology, v. 85, p. 387-400.
289. TREWIN, N.H., and MCNAMARA, K.J., 1995, Arthropods invade the land: Trace fossils and palaeoenvironments of the Tumblagooda Sandstone (?late Silurian) of Kalbarri, Western Australia: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, v. 85, p. 177-210.
290. TYLER, D.J., 1988, Evidence and significance of limulid instars from trackways in the Bude Formation (Westphalian), south-west England: Proceedings of the Usher Society, v. 7, p. 77-80.
291. UCHMAN, A., 1995, Taxonomy and paleoecology of flysch trace fossils: The Marnoso-arenacea Formation and associated facies (Miocene), Northern Apennines, Italy: Beringeria, v. 15, p. 1-115.
292. VERMEIJ, G.J., 1987, Evolution and Escalation. An Ecological History of Life: Princeton University Press, Princeton. 527 p.
293. VEROSLAVSKY, G, MARTINEZ, S., PEREA, D., and UBILLA, M., 1995, El Paleógeno en el Uruguay: Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolane de Geólogos, v. 20, p. 83.
294. WALKER, E.F., 1985, Arthropod ichnofauna of the Old Red Sandstone at Dunure and Montrose, Scotland: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, v. 76, p. 287-297.
295. WALKER, M.V., 1938, Evidence of Triassic insects in the Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona: Proceedings of the United States National Museum, v. 85, p. 137-141.
296. WALTER, H., 1980, Zurkenntnis der ichnia limnisch-terrestrischer arthropoden des Rotliegenden: Freiberger Forschungssheft, v. C 357, S., p. 61-68.
297. WALTER, H., 1982, Neue arthropodenfahrten aus den Oberhofer Schichten (Rotliegendes, Thuringer Wald) mit Bemerkungen über ichnia limnisch-terrestrischer Tuffite innerhalb der varischen Molasse: Freiberger Forschungssheft, v. C 375, S., p. 87-100.
298. WALTER, H., 1983, Zur taxonomie, okologie und biostratigraphie der ichnia limnisch-terrestrischer arthropoden des mitteleuropaischen Jungpalaozoikums: Freiberger Forschungssheft, v. C 382, S., p. 146-193.
299. WALTER, H., 1985, Zur ichnologie des Pleistozans von Liebegast: Freiberger Forschungssheft, v. C 400, S., p. 101-116.
300. WALTER, H., 1986a, Beitrage zur ichnologie limnisch-terrestrischer sedimentationsraume, Teil I: Zur Verbreitung von Acripes Matthew 1910 und assoziationen von arthropodenfahrten im Oberkarbon und Perm: Freiberger Forschungssheft, v. C 410, p. 5-14.
301. WALTER, H., 1986b, Arthropodenfarten in eiszeitlichen Bundertonen vei Liebegast, Kreis Hoyerswerda: Natur und Landschaft Bez. Cottbus, v. NLBC, 8, p. 51-58.
302. WENZEL, J., 1990, A social wasp's nest from the Cretaceous period, Utah, USA, and its biogeographical significance: Psyche, v. 97, p. 21-29.
303. WHATELEY, M.K.G., and JORDAN, G.R., 1989, Fan-delta-lacustrine sedimentation and coal development in the Tertiary Omlibin Basin, W. Sumatra, Indonesia: in WHATELEY, M.K.G., and PICKERING, K.T., eds., Deltas: Sites and traps for fossil fuels: Geological Society of London Special Publication, no. 41, p. 317-332.
304. WHITAKER, J.H.MCD., 1979, A new trace fossil from the Ringerike Group, Southern Norway: Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, v. 91, p. 85-89.
305. WHITE, C.D., 1929, Flora of the Hermit Shale, Grand Canyon, Arizona: Carnegie Institute of Washington Publication, v. 405, p. 1-221.
306. WOOLFE, K.J., 1990, Trace fossils as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Taylor Group (Devonian) of Antarctica: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 80, p. 301-310.
307. WOOLFE, K.J., 1993, Devonian depositional environments in the Darwin Mountains: Marine of non-marine?: Antarctic Science, v. 5, p. 211-220.
308. WOOTON, R.J., 1988, The historical ecology of aquatic insects: An overview: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 62, p. 477-492.
309. WRIGHT, J.L., QUINN, L., BRIGGS, D.E.G., and WILLIAMS, S.H., 1995, A subaerial arthropod trackway from the Upper Silurian Clam Bank Formation of Newfoundland: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 32, p. 304-313.
310. ZEUNER, F.E., and MANNING, F. J., 1976, A monograph on fossil bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea): Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History (Geology), v. 27, p. 149-268.
311. ZHANG, G., BUATOIS, L.A., MANGANO, M.G., and ACEÑOLAZA, F.G., 1997, Sedimentary facies and environmental ichnology of a ?Permian playa-lake complex in western Argentina: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.
312. ZHOU, Z., and ZHANG, B., 1989, A sideritic Protocupressinoxylon with insect borings and frass from the Middle Jurassic, Henan, China: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 59, p. 133-143.