Chitinozoans and the age of the Soom Shale, an Ordovician black shale Lagerstätte, South Africa

Journal of Micropalaeontology

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 53-66

  Vandenbroucke, Thus R A ^a,c   Gabbott, Sarah E ^a   Paris, Florentin ^b   Aldridge, Richard J ^a   Theron, Johannes N ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1   (France)

^c GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^d STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Chitinozoans; Hirnantian; Lagerst tte; Ordovician Silurian boundary; Soom shale

Indexed keywords

AGE; BIOZONATION; BLACK SHALE; CHITIN; DIAMICTITE; HIRNANTIAN; NEW SPECIES; ORDOVICIAN-SILURIAN BOUNDARY; ORE BODY; SHALE;

AFRICA; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

CHITINOZOA; SPINACHITINA;

EID: 67650891868     PISSN: 0262821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1144/jm.28.1.53     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Aldridge, RJ., Gabbott, S.E. & Theron, J.N. 2001. The Soom Shale. In: Briggs, D.E.G. & Crowther, P.R, (Eds), Paleobiology II. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 340-342 .
2. Aldridge, RJ, & Theron, J.N. 1993, Conodonts with preserved soft tissues from a new Ordovician Konservat Lagerstätte. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 12: 113-117.
3. Bergström, S.M., Finney, S.C, Chen, X, Golman, D. & Leslie, S.A. 2006. Three new Ordovician global stage names. Lethaia, 39:287-288.
4. Berry, W.B.N. & Boucot, A.J. 1973. Glacio-eustatic control of late Ordovician-early Silurian platform sedimentation and faunal changes. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 84: 275-284.
5. Bourahrouh, A., Paris, F. & Elaouad-Debbaj, Z. 2004. Biostratigraphy, biodiversity and palaeoenvironments of the chitinozoans and associated palynomorphs from the Upper Ordovician of the Central AntiAtlas, Morocco. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, 130: 17-40.
6. Braddy, S.J., Aldridge, R.J., Gabbott, S.E. & Theron, J.N. 1999. Lamellate book-gills in a late Ordovician eurypterid from the Soom Shale, South Africa: support for a eurypterid-scorpian clade. Lethaia, 32: 72-74.
7. Braddy, SJ., Aldridge, R.J. & Theron, J.N. 1995. A new eurypterid from the Late Ordovician Table Mountain Group, South Africa. Palaeontology, 38: 563-581.
8. Butcher, A. 2009. Early Llandovery chitinozoans from Jordan. Palaeontology, in press.
9. Cocks, L.R.M. & Fortey, R.A. 1986. New evidence on the South African Lower Palaeozoic: age and fossils reviewed. Geological Magazine, 123(4): 437-444.
10. Cramer, F.H., Rust, LC & Cramer, M.D.CR.D. 1974. Upper Ordovician chitinozoans from the Cedarberg Formation of South Africa. Preliminary note. Geologische Rundschau, 63: 340-345.
11. Eisenack, A. 1931. Neue Mikrofossilien des baltischen Silurs. I. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, 13(1-4): 74-118.
12. Eisenack, A. 1955. Chitinozoen, Hystrichosphären und andere Mikrofossilien aus dem Beyrichla-Kalk. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 36(1-2): 157-188.
13. Eisenack, A. 1972. Beiträge zur Chitinozoen-Forschung. Palaeontographlca A, 140: 117-130.
14. Elaouad-Debbaj, Z. 1984. Chitinozoaires ashgilliens de l'Anti-Atlas (Maroc). Gèobios, 17(1): 45-68.
15. Gabbott, S.E. 1998. Taphonomy of the Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte: an example of soft tissue preservation in clay minerals, Palaeontology: 41, 631-667.
16. Gabbott, S.E. 1999. Orthoconic cephalopods and associated fauna from the Late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa. Palaeontology: 42, 123-148.
17. Gabbott, S.E., Aldridge, RJ. & Theron, J.N. 1995. A giant conodont with preserved muscle tissue from the Upper Ordovician of South Africa. Nature: 374, 800-803.
18. Gabbott, S.E., Aldridge, RJ. «Sc Theron, J.N. 1998. Chitinozoan chains and cocoons from the Upper Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa: implications for affinity. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 155: 447-452.
19. Gabbott, S.E., Norry, MJ., Aldridge, R.J. & Theron, J.N. 2001. Preservation of fossils in clay minerals; a unique example from the Upper Ordovician Soom Shale, South Africa. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 53: 237-244.
20. Gabbott, S.E., Siveter, DJ., Aldridge, R.J. & Theron, J.N. 2003. The earliest myodocopes: ostracodes from the late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte of South Africa. Lethaia, 36: 151-160.
21. Gray, J., Theron, J.N. & Boucot, A.J. 1986. Age of the Cedarberg Formation, South Africa and early land plant evolution. Geological Magazine, 123(4): 445-454.
22. Hiller, N. 1992. The Ordovician System in South Africa: A review. In: Webby, B.D. & Laurie, J.R. (Eds), Global Perspectives on Ordovician Geology. Balkema, Rotterdam, 473-485.
23. Hints, L., Oraspõld, A. & Nõlvak, J. 2005. The Pirgu Regional Stage (Upper Ordovician) in the East Baltic: lithostratigraphy, biozonation and correlation. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology, 54(4): 225-259.
24. ème Séminaire National des Sciences de la Terre, Abstracts, p. 20.
25. Legrand, P. 2009, Faunal specificity, endemism and paleobiogeography: the post-glacial (Hirnantian-early Rhuddanian) graptolite fauna of the north-African border of Gondwana: a case study. Bulletin de Ia Société Géologique de France.
26. Loydell, D.K. 2007. Graptolites from the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian of Jordan. Special Papers In Palaeontology, The Palaeontological Association 78, 68pp.
27. Melchin, MJ. & Holmden, C. 2006. Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy in Arctic Canada: Sea-level forcing of carbonate platform weathering and implications for Hirnantian global correlation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 234: 186-200.
28. Nestor, V. 1994. Early Silurian chitinozoans of Estonia and North Latvia. Estonian Academy of Sciences, Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn, 163pp.
29. Nolvak, J. & Grahn, I. 1993. Ordovician chitinozoan zones from Baltoscandia. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, 79: 245-269.
30. Page, A.A., Zalasiewicz, J.A., Williams, M. & Popov, L. 2007. Were transgressive black shales a negative feedback modulating glacioeustasy in the Early Palaeozoic Icehouse? In: Williams, M., Haywood, A.M., Gregory, FJ. & Schmidt, D.N. (Eds), Deep time perspectives on climate change: marrying the signal from computer models & biological proxies. Special Publications of The Micropalaeontological Society, Geological Society, London, 123-156.
31. Paris, F. 1981. Les chitlnozoaires dans le Paléozoígue du sud-ouest de l'Europe (cadre géologique - étude systématique - biostratigraphie). Mémoire de la Société géologique et minéralogique de Bretagne 26, 496pp.
32. Paris, F., Bourahrouh, A. & Le Hérissé, A. 2000. The effects of the final stages of the Late Ordovician glaciation on marine palynomorphs (chitinozoans, acritarchs, leiospheres) in well N1-2 (NE Algerian Sahara). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 113(1-3): 87-104.
33. Paris, F., Deynoux, M. & Ghienne, J.-F. 1998. First record of chitinozoans from the Ordovician-Silurian boundary beds of Mauritania; palaeogeographic implications. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris. Series II. Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes, 326: 499-504.
34. Paris, F., Verniers, J., Al-Hajri, S. & Al-Tayyar, H. 1995. Biostratigraphy and palaeogeographic affinities of Early Silurian chitinozoans from central Saudi Arabia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 89: 75-90.
35. Rong, Jia-yu, Chen, Xu & Harper, D.A.T. 2002. The latest Ordovician Hirnantia Fauna (Brachiopoda) in time and space. Lethaia, 35: 231-249.
36. Rong, Jia-yu & Harper, D.A.T. 1988. A Global synthesis of the latest Ordovician Hirnantian brachiopod faunas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 79: 383-402.
37. Rust, LC 1981. Lower Palaeozoic rocks of southern Africa. In: Holland, CH, (Ed,), Lower Palaeozoic of the Middle East, Eastern and Southern Africa, and Antarctica. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York, 165-187.
38. Schallreuter, R. 1963. Neue Chitinozoen aus ordovizischen Geschieben und Bemerkungen zur Gattung Illichitina. Paläontologische Abhandlungen, 1(4): 391-405.
39. Soufiane, A. & Achab, A. 2000. Chitinozoan zonation of the Late Ordovician and the Early Silurian of the Island of Anticosti, Québec, Canada. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 109: 85-111.
40. Theron, J.N. & Thamm, A.G. 1990. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Cape Supergroup in the Western Cape. In: Guidebook Geocongress 1990. Geological Society of South Africa, PR2, 1-64.
41. Underwood, CJ., Deynoux, M. & Ghienne, J.-F. 1998. High palaeolatitude (Hodh, Mauritania) recovery of graptolite faunas after the Hirnantian (end Ordovician) extinction event. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 142: 97-103.
42. Vandenbroucke, T. 2004. Chitinozoan biostratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician Fâgelsâng GSSP, Scania, southern Sweden. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 130: 217-238.
43. Vandenbroucke, T.R.A. 2008. Upper Ordovician chitinozoans from the historical type area in the UK. Monograph of the Palaeontographlcal Society, London, no, 628,161 for 2007, 113pp.
44. Vandenbroucke, T.R.A., Hennissen, J., Zalasiewicz, J.A. & Verniers, J. 2008. New chitinozoans from the historical type area of the Hirnantian and additional key sections in the Wye Valley, Wales, UK. Geological Journal, 43: 397-414.
45. Vandenbroucke, T.R.A., Rickards, B. & Verniers, J. 2005. Upper Ordovician Chitinozoan biostratigraphy from the type Ashgill Area (Cautley district) and the Pus Gill section (Dufton district, Cross Fell Inlier), Cumbria, Northern England, Geological Magazine, 142(6): 783-807.
46. Verniers, J., Nestor, V., Paris, F., Dufka, P., Sutherland, S J.E. & Van Grootel, G. 1995. A global Chitinozoa biozonation for the Silurian. Geological Magazine, 132: 651-666.
47. Verniers, J. & Vandenbroucke, T.R.A. 2006. Chitinozoan biostratigraphy in the Dob's Linn Ordovician-Silurian GSSP, Southern Uplands, Scotland. Geologiska Fõrenlngens i Stockholm Förhandllngar, 128: 195-202.
48. Webby, B.D., Cooper, R.A., Bergström, S.M. & Paris, F. 2004. Chapter 2: Stratigraphic framework and time slices. In: Webby, B.D., Paris, F., Droser, M.L. & Percival, I. (Eds), The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Columbia University Press, New York, 41-47.
49. Whittle, R.J., Gabbott, S.E., Aldridge, R.J. & Theron, J.N. 2007. The taphonomy and palaeoecology of a Late Ordovician caryocaridid from the Soom Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 251: 383-397.