Cardiometabolic risk in community-dwelling persons with chronic spinal cord injury

Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 73-80

  Groah, Suzanne L ^a   Nash, Mark S ^c   Ward, Emily A ^a   Libin, Alexander ^a   Mendez, Armando J ^c   Burns, Patricia ^c   Elrod, Matt ^d   Hamm, Larry F ^b  

^a NATIONAL REHABILITATION HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d American Physical Therapy Association   (United States)

Author keywords

cardiovascular disease; risk factors; spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

HEMOGLOBIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; AGED; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COMMUNITY LIVING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; EDUCATION PROGRAM; FEMALE; HUMAN; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLISM; OBESITY; ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; PARAPLEGIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUADRIPLEGIA; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79952449387     PISSN: 19327501     EISSN: 1932751X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HCR.0b013e3181f68aba     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Bauman WA, Spungen AM. Coronary heart disease in individ-uals with spinal cord injury: assessment of risk factors. Spinal Cord. 2008;46:466-476. (Pubitemid 351948237)
2. Nash MS, Gintel SL, Mendez AJ, Hamm LF, Lewis JE, Groah SL. Elevated CRP and vascular disease after SCI: inflammatory epiphe-nomenon or pathologic agent? J Spinal Cord Med. 2006;29:252.
3. Bauman WA, Kahn NN, Grimm DR, Spungen AM. Risk factors for atherogenesis and cardiovascular autonomic function in persons with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1999;37:601-616. (Pubitemid 29430054)
4. DeVivo MJ, Krause JS, Lammertse DP. Recent trends in mortal-ity and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:1411-1419. (Pubitemid 29526638)
5. Garshick E, Kelley A, Cohen SA, et al. A prospective assess-ment of mortality in chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2005;43:408-416. (Pubitemid 41039541)
6. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syn-drome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2002;287(3):356-359. (Pubitemid 34251969)
7. Haffner SM. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome: the San Antonio Heart Study. Br J Nutr. 2000;83(suppl 1):S67-S70. (Pubitemid 30319084)
8. American Heart Association/American Diabetes Association Causes, Initiatives and Programs. Heart of diabetes. http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/ index.php?s=23&cat=9 Published 2008. Accessed August 3, 2009
9. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001; 285: 2486-2497.
10. Castelli WP. Epidemiology of coronary heart disease: the Framingham study. Am J Med. 1984;76:4-12 (Pubitemid 14151605)
11. Nash MS, Mendez AJ. A guideline-driven assessment of need for cardiovascular disease risk intervention in persons with chronic paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88:751-757 (Pubitemid 46805153)
12. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998;97:1837-1847. (Pubitemid 28213628)
13. Ford ES, Giles WH, Mokdad AH. The distribution of 10-year risk for coronary heart disease among US adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1791-1796 (Pubitemid 38622516)
14. Hense HW, Schulte H, Lowel H, Assmann G, Keil U Framingham risk function overestimates risk of coronary heart disease in men and women from Germany: results from the MONICA Augsburg and the PROCAM cohorts. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:937-945 (Pubitemid 36559987)
15. De Ruljter W, Westendorp RGJ, Assendelft WJJ, et al. Use of Framingham risk score and new biomarkers to predict cardio-vascular mortality in older people: population based observa-tional cohort study BMJ. 2009;338:a3083
16. Mahoney LT, Burns TL, Stanford W, et al. Usefulness of the Framingham risk score and body mass index to predict early coronary artery calcium in young adults (Muscatine Study). Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:509-515 (Pubitemid 32778496)
17. Berry JD, Liu K, Folsom AR, et al. Prevalence and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in younger adults with low short-term but high lifetime estimated risk for cardiovascular disease the coronary artery risk development in young adults study and multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Circulation 2009;119:382-389
18. Chung CP, Oeser A, Avalos I, Raggi P, Stein CM. Cardiovascular risk scores underestimate the presence of subclinical coronary-artery atherosclerosis in women with systemic lupus erythe-matosus. Lupus. 2006;15:562-569 (Pubitemid 44661742)
19. Finnie AK, Buchholz AC, Martin Ginis KA; SHAPE SCI Research Group. Current coronary heart disease risk assessment tools may underestimate risk in community-dwelling persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2008;46:608-615
20. American Spinal Injury Association Neurological Standards Committee. International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. 6th ed. Chicago, IL: American Spinal Injury Association; 2002.
21. Joint National Committee\National High Blood Pressure Education Program. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7). Hypertension 2003;42:1206-1252
22. Nash MS, Jacobs PL, Mendez AJ, Goldberg RB. Circuit resis-tance training improves the atherogenic lipid profiles of per-sons with chronic paraplegia. J Spinal Cord Med. 2001;24:2-9 (Pubitemid 37484221)
23. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifugation. Clin Chem 1972;18:499-502.
24. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resis-tance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28:412-419 (Pubitemid 15018832)
25. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of over-weight and obesity in adults. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158: 1855-1867.
26. Laughton GE, Buchholz AC, Martin Ginis KA, Goy RE; SHAPE SCI Research Group. Lowering body mass index cutoffs better identifies obese persons with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2009;47:757-762
27. American Heart Association Web site. http://www.americanheart org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2112. Accessed October 29, 2009
28. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Follow-up report on the diagnosis of dia-betes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3160-3167
29. Lee MY, Myers J, Hayes A, et al. C-reactive protein, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2005;28:20-25 (Pubitemid 43108144)
30. Duckworth WC, Solomon SS, Jallepalli P, Heckemeyer C, Finnern J, Powers A. Glucose intolerance due to insulin resis-tance in patients with spinal cord injuries. Diabetes. 1980;29 906-910 (Pubitemid 11022288)
31. Duckworth WC, Jallepalli P, Solomon SS. Glucose intolerance in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1983;64:107-110 (Pubitemid 13162975)
32. Nash MS, Gater DR. Exercise to reduce obesity in SCI. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2007;12:76-93
33. Bauman WA, Spungen AM, Zhong YG, Rothstein JL, Petry C, Gordon SK. Depressed serum high density lipoprotein choles-terol levels in veterans with spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1992;30:697-703
34. Washburn RA, Figoni SF. High density lipoprotein cholesterol in individuals with spinal cord injury: the potential role of physical activity. Spinal Cord. 1999;37:685-695 (Pubitemid 29504882)
35. Castelli WP, Anderson K, Wilson PW, Levy D. Lipids and risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Ann Epidemiol. 1992;2:23-28
36. Gordon DJ, Rifkind BM. High-density lipoprotein: the clinical implication of recent studies. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:1311-1316 (Pubitemid 19267219)
37. NIH Consensus Development Program. Triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and coronary heart disease. NIH Consensus Statement, February 26-28, 1992;10(2):1-28.
38. Schaefer EJ, Lamon-Fava S, Ordovas JM, et al. Factors associ-ated with low and elevated plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels in the Framingham Offspring Study. J Lipid Res. 1994;35:871-882 (Pubitemid 24157238)
39. Groah SL, Nash MS, Ljungberg I, et al. Nutrient intake and body habitus after spinal cord injury: an analysis by sex and level of injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2009;32:25-33
40. Weaver FM, LaVela SL. Preventive care in spinal cord injuries and disorders: examples of research and implementation. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2007;18:297-316 (Pubitemid 46830760)
41. Maki KC, Briones ER, Langbein WE, et al. Associations between serum lipids and indicators of adiposity in men with spinal cord injury Paraplegia. 1995;33:102-109.