메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 76-93

Exercise to reduce obesity in SCI

Author keywords

Exercise; Fitness; Metabolism; Obesity; Spinal cord injuries

Indexed keywords

GLYCOGEN; INSULIN; LIPID; OXYGEN; SIBUTRAMINE; TETRAHYDROLIPSTATIN;

EID: 34249334746     PISSN: 10820744     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1310/sci1204-76     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (187)
  • 1
    • 1542344357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between energy expenditure and lean tissue in monozygotic twins discordant for spinal cord injury
    • Bauman WA, Spungen AM, Wang J, Pierson RN. The relationship between energy expenditure and lean tissue in monozygotic twins discordant for spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2004;41:1-8.
    • (2004) J Rehabil Res Dev , vol.41 , pp. 1-8
    • Bauman, W.A.1    Spungen, A.M.2    Wang, J.3    Pierson, R.N.4
  • 2
    • 0025050565 scopus 로고
    • Body composition and resting energy expenditure in long term spinal cord injury
    • Sedlock DA, Laventure SJ. Body composition and resting energy expenditure in long term spinal cord injury. Paraplegia. 1990;28:448-454.
    • (1990) Paraplegia , vol.28 , pp. 448-454
    • Sedlock, D.A.1    Laventure, S.J.2
  • 3
    • 0021798918 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research
    • Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100:126-131.
    • (1985) Public Health Rep , vol.100 , pp. 126-131
    • Caspersen, C.J.1    Powell, K.E.2    Christenson, G.M.3
  • 5
    • 0032424431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and chronic cardiovascular disease prevention in spinal cord injury: A comprehensive literature review
    • Washburn RA, Figoni SF. Physical activity and chronic cardiovascular disease prevention in spinal cord injury: a comprehensive literature review. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 1998;3:16-32.
    • (1998) Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil , vol.3 , pp. 16-32
    • Washburn, R.A.1    Figoni, S.F.2
  • 6
    • 0027714858 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of impairment and functional ability to habitual activity and fitness following spinal cord injury
    • Noreau L, Shephard RJ, Simard C, Pare G, Pomerleau P. Relationship of impairment and functional ability to habitual activity and fitness following spinal cord injury. Int J Rehabil Res. 1993;16:265-275.
    • (1993) Int J Rehabil Res , vol.16 , pp. 265-275
    • Noreau, L.1    Shephard, R.J.2    Simard, C.3    Pare, G.4    Pomerleau, P.5
  • 7
    • 0032863335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of complete spinal cord injury on skeletal muscle cross-sectional area within the first 6 months of injury
    • Castro MJ, Apple DF Jr, Hillegass EA, Dudley GA. Influence of complete spinal cord injury on skeletal muscle cross-sectional area within the first 6 months of injury. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999;80:373-378.
    • (1999) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol , vol.80 , pp. 373-378
    • Castro, M.J.1    Apple Jr, D.F.2    Hillegass, E.A.3    Dudley, G.A.4
  • 8
    • 0028054695 scopus 로고
    • Muscle atrophy and procedures for training after spinal cord injury
    • Gordon T, Mao J. Muscle atrophy and procedures for training after spinal cord injury. Phys Ther. 1994;74:50-60.
    • (1994) Phys Ther , vol.74 , pp. 50-60
    • Gordon, T.1    Mao, J.2
  • 9
    • 0029878972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myosin heavy chain isoform transformation in single fibres from m. vastus lateralis in spinal cord injured individuals: Effects of long- term functional electrical stimulation (FES)
    • Andersen JL, Mohr T, Biering-Sorensen F, Galbo H, Kjaer M. Myosin heavy chain isoform transformation in single fibres from m. vastus lateralis in spinal cord injured individuals: effects of long- term functional electrical stimulation (FES). Pflugers Arch. 1996;431:513-518.
    • (1996) Pflugers Arch , vol.431 , pp. 513-518
    • Andersen, J.L.1    Mohr, T.2    Biering-Sorensen, F.3    Galbo, H.4    Kjaer, M.5
  • 10
    • 0033961695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle fiber type-specific myofibrillar Ca(2+) ATPase activity after spinal cord injury
    • Castro MJ, Apple DF Jr, Melton-Rogers S, Dudley GA. Muscle fiber type-specific myofibrillar Ca(2+) ATPase activity after spinal cord injury. Muscle Nerve. 2000;23:119-121.
    • (2000) Muscle Nerve , vol.23 , pp. 119-121
    • Castro, M.J.1    Apple Jr, D.F.2    Melton-Rogers, S.3    Dudley, G.A.4
  • 11
    • 0036095474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic adaptations in human muscle fibers 6 and 24 wk after spinal cord injury
    • Talmadge RJ, Castro MJ, Apple DF Jr, Dudley GA. Phenotypic adaptations in human muscle fibers 6 and 24 wk after spinal cord injury. J Appl Physiol. 2002;92:147-154.
    • (2002) J Appl Physiol , vol.92 , pp. 147-154
    • Talmadge, R.J.1    Castro, M.J.2    Apple Jr, D.F.3    Dudley, G.A.4
  • 12
    • 0028153911 scopus 로고
    • Immune responses to nervous system decentralization and exercise in quadriplegia
    • Nash MS. Immune responses to nervous system decentralization and exercise in quadriplegia. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994;26:164-171.
    • (1994) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.26 , pp. 164-171
    • Nash, M.S.1
  • 13
    • 0032438192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise reconditioning of the heart and peripheral circulation after spinal cord injury
    • Nash MS. Exercise reconditioning of the heart and peripheral circulation after spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 1997;3:1-15.
    • (1997) Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil , vol.3 , pp. 1-15
    • Nash, M.S.1
  • 15
    • 0035092320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature responses to electrically induced cycling in spinal cord injured persons
    • Holme E, Mohr T, Kjaer M, Nielsen B. Temperature responses to electrically induced cycling in spinal cord injured persons. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:431-435.
    • (2001) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.33 , pp. 431-435
    • Holme, E.1    Mohr, T.2    Kjaer, M.3    Nielsen, B.4
  • 16
    • 0031718321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood redistribution and circulatory responses to submaximal arm exercise in persons with spinal cord injury
    • Hopman MT, Monroe M, Dueck C, Phillips WT, Skinner JS. Blood redistribution and circulatory responses to submaximal arm exercise in persons with spinal cord injury. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1998;30:167-174.
    • (1998) Scand J Rehabil Med , vol.30 , pp. 167-174
    • Hopman, M.T.1    Monroe, M.2    Dueck, C.3    Phillips, W.T.4    Skinner, J.S.5
  • 17
    • 0026735120 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular responses in paraplegic subjects during arm exercise
    • Hopman MT, Oeseburg B, Binkhorst RA. Cardiovascular responses in paraplegic subjects during arm exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1992;65:73-78.
    • (1992) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.65 , pp. 73-78
    • Hopman, M.T.1    Oeseburg, B.2    Binkhorst, R.A.3
  • 19
    • 0028948282 scopus 로고
    • Effects of electrically-stimulated exercise and passive motion on echocardiographically-derived wall motion and cardiodynamic function in tetraplegic persons
    • Nash MS, Bilsker MS, Kearney HM, Ramirez JN, Applegate B, Green BA. Effects of electrically-stimulated exercise and passive motion on echocardiographically-derived wall motion and cardiodynamic function in tetraplegic persons. Paraplegia. 1995;33:80-89.
    • (1995) Paraplegia , vol.33 , pp. 80-89
    • Nash, M.S.1    Bilsker, M.S.2    Kearney, H.M.3    Ramirez, J.N.4    Applegate, B.5    Green, B.A.6
  • 20
    • 6044253891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreational and therapeutic exercise after SCI
    • Kirshbaum S, Campagnolo DI, DeLisa JS, eds, Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins;
    • Nash MS, Horton JA. Recreational and therapeutic exercise after SCI. In: Kirshbaum S, Campagnolo DI, DeLisa JS, eds. Spinal Cord Injury Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2002:331-337.
    • (2002) Spinal Cord Injury Medicine , pp. 331-337
    • Nash, M.S.1    Horton, J.A.2
  • 21
    • 0035164603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation in spinal cord injury
    • Sadowsky CL. Electrical stimulation in spinal cord injury. NeuroRehabilitation. 2001;16:165-169.
    • (2001) NeuroRehabilitation , vol.16 , pp. 165-169
    • Sadowsky, C.L.1
  • 22
    • 0034529181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity: Burdens of illness and strategies for prevention or management
    • Lean ME. Obesity: burdens of illness and strategies for prevention or management. Drugs Today (Barc). 2000;36:773-784.
    • (2000) Drugs Today (Barc) , vol.36 , pp. 773-784
    • Lean, M.E.1
  • 23
    • 0034569866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation
    • Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:i-xii,1-253.
    • (2000) World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser , vol.894 , Issue.I-XII , pp. 1-253
  • 25
    • 24944469703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of body mass index and waist circumference as markers of obesity and coronary heart disease risk in persons with chronic spinal cord injury
    • Buchholz AC, Bugaresti JM. A review of body mass index and waist circumference as markers of obesity and coronary heart disease risk in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2005;43:513-518.
    • (2005) Spinal Cord , vol.43 , pp. 513-518
    • Buchholz, A.C.1    Bugaresti, J.M.2
  • 27
    • 31944437154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass index in spinal cord injury - a retrospective study
    • Gupta N, White KT, Sandford PR. Body mass index in spinal cord injury - a retrospective study. Spinal Cord. 2006;44:92-94.
    • (2006) Spinal Cord , vol.44 , pp. 92-94
    • Gupta, N.1    White, K.T.2    Sandford, P.R.3
  • 28
    • 0029031647 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of body fat in individuals with tetraplegia: A comparison of eight clinical methods
    • Spungen AM, Bauman WA, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr. Measurement of body fat in individuals with tetraplegia: a comparison of eight clinical methods. Paraplegia. 1995;33:402-408.
    • (1995) Paraplegia , vol.33 , pp. 402-408
    • Spungen, A.M.1    Bauman, W.A.2    Wang, J.3    Pierson Jr., R.N.4
  • 29
    • 0032847269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for atherogenesis and cardiovascular autonomic function in persons with spinal cord injury
    • Bauman WA, Kahn NN, Grimm DR, Spungen AM. Risk factors for atherogenesis and cardiovascular autonomic function in persons with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1999;37:601-616.
    • (1999) Spinal Cord , vol.37 , pp. 601-616
    • Bauman, W.A.1    Kahn, N.N.2    Grimm, D.R.3    Spungen, A.M.4
  • 30
    • 0033968846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic changes in persons after spinal cord injury
    • Bauman WA, Spungen AM. Metabolic changes in persons after spinal cord injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2000;11:109-140.
    • (2000) Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am , vol.11 , pp. 109-140
    • Bauman, W.A.1    Spungen, A.M.2
  • 31
    • 0033499581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and endocrine changes in persons aging with spinal cord injury
    • Bauman WA, Spungen AM, Adkins RH, Kemp BJ. Metabolic and endocrine changes in persons aging with spinal cord injury. Assist Technol. 1999;11:88-96.
    • (1999) Assist Technol , vol.11 , pp. 88-96
    • Bauman, W.A.1    Spungen, A.M.2    Adkins, R.H.3    Kemp, B.J.4
  • 32
    • 0033668988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation of shoulder pain and range-of-motion problems to functional limitations, disability, and perceived health of men with spinal cord injury: A multifaceted longitudinal study
    • Ballinger DA, Rintala DH, Hart KA. The relation of shoulder pain and range-of-motion problems to functional limitations, disability, and perceived health of men with spinal cord injury: a multifaceted longitudinal study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:1575-1581.
    • (2000) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.81 , pp. 1575-1581
    • Ballinger, D.A.1    Rintala, D.H.2    Hart, K.A.3
  • 35
    • 0037126729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report
    • Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program NCEP
    • Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106:3143-3421.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 3143-3421
  • 36
    • 29944438889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacotherapy for obesity
    • Halford JC. Pharmacotherapy for obesity. Appetite. 2006;46:6-10.
    • (2006) Appetite , vol.46 , pp. 6-10
    • Halford, J.C.1
  • 37
    • 33644629946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic treatment of obesity
    • Sidhaye A, Cheskin LJ. Pharmacologic treatment of obesity. Adv Psychosom Med. 2006;27:42-52.
    • (2006) Adv Psychosom Med , vol.27 , pp. 42-52
    • Sidhaye, A.1    Cheskin, L.J.2
  • 38
    • 0027043278 scopus 로고
    • An examination of dietary intakes and nutritional status of chronic healthy spinal cord injured individuals
    • Levine AM, Nash MS, Green BA, Shea JD, Aronica MJ. An examination of dietary intakes and nutritional status of chronic healthy spinal cord injured individuals. Paraplegia. 1992;30:880-889.
    • (1992) Paraplegia , vol.30 , pp. 880-889
    • Levine, A.M.1    Nash, M.S.2    Green, B.A.3    Shea, J.D.4    Aronica, M.J.5
  • 39
    • 0035290486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of dietary intervention on lipid profiles in individuals with spinal cord injury
    • Szlachcic Y, Adkins RH, Adal T, Yee F, Bauman W, Waters RL. The effect of dietary intervention on lipid profiles in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2001;24:26-29.
    • (2001) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.24 , pp. 26-29
    • Szlachcic, Y.1    Adkins, R.H.2    Adal, T.3    Yee, F.4    Bauman, W.5    Waters, R.L.6
  • 40
    • 2942726163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nash MS, Jacobs PL, Johnson BM, Field-Foté E. Metabolic and cardiac responses to robotic-assisted locomotion in motor-complete tetraplegia: a case report. J Spinal Cord Med. 2004;27:78-82.
    • Nash MS, Jacobs PL, Johnson BM, Field-Foté E. Metabolic and cardiac responses to robotic-assisted locomotion in motor-complete tetraplegia: a case report. J Spinal Cord Med. 2004;27:78-82.
  • 41
    • 0023002666 scopus 로고
    • Health, vocational, and functional status in spinal cord injured athletes and nonathletes
    • Curtis KA, McClanahan S, Hall KM, Dillon D, Brown KF. Health, vocational, and functional status in spinal cord injured athletes and nonathletes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67:862-865.
    • (1986) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.67 , pp. 862-865
    • Curtis, K.A.1    McClanahan, S.2    Hall, K.M.3    Dillon, D.4    Brown, K.F.5
  • 42
    • 0026134077 scopus 로고
    • Gains of cardiorespiratory fitness with arm-crank training in spinally disabled men
    • Davis G, Plyley MJ, Shephard RJ. Gains of cardiorespiratory fitness with arm-crank training in spinally disabled men. Can J Sport Sci. 1991;16:64-72.
    • (1991) Can J Sport Sci , vol.16 , pp. 64-72
    • Davis, G.1    Plyley, M.J.2    Shephard, R.J.3
  • 43
    • 0030876236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep 1 ambulation system: Part 4. Effect on physical self-concept and depression
    • Guest RS, Klose KJ, Needham-Shropshire BM, Jacobs PL. Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep 1 ambulation system: part 4. Effect on physical self-concept and depression. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:804-807.
    • (1997) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.78 , pp. 804-807
    • Guest, R.S.1    Klose, K.J.2    Needham-Shropshire, B.M.3    Jacobs, P.L.4
  • 44
    • 0029911085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implanted functional neuromuscular stimulation systems for individuals with cervical spinal cord injuries: Clinical case reports
    • Triolo RJ, Bieri C, Uhlir J, Kobetic R, Scheiner A, Marsolais EB. Implanted functional neuromuscular stimulation systems for individuals with cervical spinal cord injuries: clinical case reports. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77:1119-1128.
    • (1996) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.77 , pp. 1119-1128
    • Triolo, R.J.1    Bieri, C.2    Uhlir, J.3    Kobetic, R.4    Scheiner, A.5    Marsolais, E.B.6
  • 45
    • 0035292221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modes, benefits, and risks of voluntary and electrically induced exercise in persons with spinal cord injury
    • Jacobs PL, Nash MS. Modes, benefits, and risks of voluntary and electrically induced exercise in persons with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2001;24:10-18.
    • (2001) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.24 , pp. 10-18
    • Jacobs, P.L.1    Nash, M.S.2
  • 46
    • 0023696362 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic effects of functional electrical stimulation-induced exercises in spinal cord-injured individuals
    • Ragnarsson KT. Physiologic effects of functional electrical stimulation-induced exercises in spinal cord-injured individuals. Clin Orthop. 1988;53-63.
    • (1988) Clin Orthop , pp. 53-63
    • Ragnarsson, K.T.1
  • 47
    • 0021914348 scopus 로고
    • Exercise testing, training and arm ergometry
    • Franklin BA. Exercise testing, training and arm ergometry. Sports Med. 1985;2:100-119.
    • (1985) Sports Med , vol.2 , pp. 100-119
    • Franklin, B.A.1
  • 48
    • 0022992059 scopus 로고
    • Cardiorespiratory fitness and training in quadriplegics and paraplegics
    • Hoffman MD. Cardiorespiratory fitness and training in quadriplegics and paraplegics. Sports Med. 1986;3:312-330.
    • (1986) Sports Med , vol.3 , pp. 312-330
    • Hoffman, M.D.1
  • 49
    • 6044264791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise recommendations for individuals with spinal cord injury
    • Jacobs PL, Nash MS. Exercise recommendations for individuals with spinal cord injury. Sports Med. 2004;34:727-751.
    • (2004) Sports Med , vol.34 , pp. 727-751
    • Jacobs, P.L.1    Nash, M.S.2
  • 50
    • 0022922338 scopus 로고
    • The effects of an arm ergometer training programme on wheelchair subjects
    • Taylor AW, McDonell E, Brassard L. The effects of an arm ergometer training programme on wheelchair subjects. Paraplegia. 1986;24:105-114.
    • (1986) Paraplegia , vol.24 , pp. 105-114
    • Taylor, A.W.1    McDonell, E.2    Brassard, L.3
  • 53
    • 0017606704 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen uptake and cardiac output in graded arm exercise in paraplegics with low level spinal lesions
    • Hjeltnes N. Oxygen uptake and cardiac output in graded arm exercise in paraplegics with low level spinal lesions. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1977;9:107-113.
    • (1977) Scand J Rehabil Med , vol.9 , pp. 107-113
    • Hjeltnes, N.1
  • 54
    • 0022497888 scopus 로고
    • Cardiorespiratory capacity in tetra- and paraplegia shortly after injury
    • Hjeltnes N. Cardiorespiratory capacity in tetra- and paraplegia shortly after injury. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1986;18:65-70.
    • (1986) Scand J Rehabil Med , vol.18 , pp. 65-70
    • Hjeltnes, N.1
  • 55
    • 0018774779 scopus 로고
    • Circulatory strain in everyday life of paraplegics
    • Hjeltnes N, Vokac Z. Circulatory strain in everyday life of paraplegics. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1979;11:67-73.
    • (1979) Scand J Rehabil Med , vol.11 , pp. 67-73
    • Hjeltnes, N.1    Vokac, Z.2
  • 56
    • 0027769458 scopus 로고
    • Influence of posture on arm exercise tolerance and physiologic responses in persons with spinal cord injured paraplegia
    • Hooker SP, Greenwood JD, Boyd LA, Hodges MR, McCune LD, McKenna GE. Influence of posture on arm exercise tolerance and physiologic responses in persons with spinal cord injured paraplegia. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1993;67:563-566.
    • (1993) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.67 , pp. 563-566
    • Hooker, S.P.1    Greenwood, J.D.2    Boyd, L.A.3    Hodges, M.R.4    McCune, L.D.5    McKenna, G.E.6
  • 58
    • 0027444989 scopus 로고
    • The effect of an anti-G suit on the maximal performance of individuals with paraplegia
    • Hopman MT, Kamerbeek IC, Pistorius M, Binkhorst RA. The effect of an anti-G suit on the maximal performance of individuals with paraplegia. Int J Sports Med. 1993;14:357-361.
    • (1993) Int J Sports Med , vol.14 , pp. 357-361
    • Hopman, M.T.1    Kamerbeek, I.C.2    Pistorius, M.3    Binkhorst, R.A.4
  • 59
    • 0026737749 scopus 로고
    • The effect of an anti-G suit on cardiovascular responses to exercise in persons with paraplegia
    • Hopman MT, Oeseburg B, Binkhorst RA. The effect of an anti-G suit on cardiovascular responses to exercise in persons with paraplegia. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992;24:984-990.
    • (1992) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.24 , pp. 984-990
    • Hopman, M.T.1    Oeseburg, B.2    Binkhorst, R.A.3
  • 60
    • 0027173208 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular responses in persons with paraplegia to prolonged arm exercise and thermal stress
    • Hopman MT, Oeseburg B, Binkhorst RA. Cardiovascular responses in persons with paraplegia to prolonged arm exercise and thermal stress. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25:577-583.
    • (1993) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.25 , pp. 577-583
    • Hopman, M.T.1    Oeseburg, B.2    Binkhorst, R.A.3
  • 62
    • 0023433649 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of physiological responses to maximal arm exercise among able-bodied, paraplegics and quadriplegics
    • Van Loan MD, McCluer S, Loftin JM, Boileau RA. Comparison of physiological responses to maximal arm exercise among able-bodied, paraplegics and quadriplegics. Paraplegia. 1987;25:397-405.
    • (1987) Paraplegia , vol.25 , pp. 397-405
    • Van Loan, M.D.1    McCluer, S.2    Loftin, J.M.3    Boileau, R.A.4
  • 63
    • 0032917165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a pulsating anti-gravity suit on peak exercise performance in individual with spinal cord injuries
    • Houtman S, Thielen JJ, Binkhorst RA, Hopman MT. Effect of a pulsating anti-gravity suit on peak exercise performance in individual with spinal cord injuries. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1999;79:202-204.
    • (1999) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.79 , pp. 202-204
    • Houtman, S.1    Thielen, J.J.2    Binkhorst, R.A.3    Hopman, M.T.4
  • 64
    • 0028063450 scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine response to exercise and training in individuals with spinal cord injury
    • Bloomfield SA, Jackson RD, Mysiw WJ. Catecholamine response to exercise and training in individuals with spinal cord injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994;26:1213-1219.
    • (1994) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.26 , pp. 1213-1219
    • Bloomfield, S.A.1    Jackson, R.D.2    Mysiw, W.J.3
  • 65
    • 0031928356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catecholamines, heart rate, and oxygen uptake during exercise in persons with spinal cord injury
    • Schmid A, Huonker M, Barturen JM, et al. Catecholamines, heart rate, and oxygen uptake during exercise in persons with spinal cord injury. J Appl Physiol. 1998;85:635-641.
    • (1998) J Appl Physiol , vol.85 , pp. 635-641
    • Schmid, A.1    Huonker, M.2    Barturen, J.M.3
  • 66
    • 0032545618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free plasma catecholamines in spinal cord injured persons with different injury levels at rest and during exercise
    • Schmid A, Huonker M, Stahl F, et al. Free plasma catecholamines in spinal cord injured persons with different injury levels at rest and during exercise. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1998;68:96-100.
    • (1998) J Auton Nerv Syst , vol.68 , pp. 96-100
    • Schmid, A.1    Huonker, M.2    Stahl, F.3
  • 67
    • 0032214282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical performance and cardiovascular and metabolic adaptation of elite female wheelchair basketball players in wheelchair ergometry and in competition
    • Schmid A, Huonker M, Stober P, et al. Physical performance and cardiovascular and metabolic adaptation of elite female wheelchair basketball players in wheelchair ergometry and in competition. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;77:527-533.
    • (1998) Am J Phys Med Rehabil , vol.77 , pp. 527-533
    • Schmid, A.1    Huonker, M.2    Stober, P.3
  • 68
    • 0023709022 scopus 로고
    • Cardiorespiratory fitness in highly active versus inactive paraplegics
    • Davis GM, Shephard RJ. Cardiorespiratory fitness in highly active versus inactive paraplegics. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1988;20:463-468.
    • (1988) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.20 , pp. 463-468
    • Davis, G.M.1    Shephard, R.J.2
  • 69
    • 16544388765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of midodrine for exercise performance enhancement in tetraplegia: A pilot study
    • Nieshoff EC, Birk TJ, Birk CA, Hinderer SR, Yavuzer G. Double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of midodrine for exercise performance enhancement in tetraplegia: a pilot study. J Spinal Cord Med. 2004;27:219-225.
    • (2004) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.27 , pp. 219-225
    • Nieshoff, E.C.1    Birk, T.J.2    Birk, C.A.3    Hinderer, S.R.4    Yavuzer, G.5
  • 70
    • 0023433649 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of physiological responses to maximal arm exercise among able-bodied, paraplegics and quadriplegics
    • Van Loan MD, McCluer S, Loftin JM, Boileau RA. Comparison of physiological responses to maximal arm exercise among able-bodied, paraplegics and quadriplegics. Paraplegia. 1987;25:397-405.
    • (1987) Paraplegia , vol.25 , pp. 397-405
    • Van Loan, M.D.1    McCluer, S.2    Loftin, J.M.3    Boileau, R.A.4
  • 71
    • 53049086030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservation of upper limb function following spinal cord injury: Clinical practice guidelines for health professionals
    • Preservation of upper limb function following spinal cord injury: clinical practice guidelines for health professionals. J Spinal Cord Med. 2005;28:433-484.
    • (2005) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.28 , pp. 433-484
  • 72
    • 0032088943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults
    • American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand
    • American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30:975-991.
    • (1998) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.30 , pp. 975-991
  • 73
    • 0025163092 scopus 로고
    • Strength training for wheelchair users
    • Davis GM, Shephard RJ. Strength training for wheelchair users. Br J Sports Med. 1990;24:25-30.
    • (1990) Br J Sports Med , vol.24 , pp. 25-30
    • Davis, G.M.1    Shephard, R.J.2
  • 74
    • 0033055981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a standard exercise protocol on shoulder pain in long-term wheelchair users
    • Curtis KA, Tyner TM, Zachary L, et al. Effect of a standard exercise protocol on shoulder pain in long-term wheelchair users. Spinal Cord. 1999;37:421-429.
    • (1999) Spinal Cord , vol.37 , pp. 421-429
    • Curtis, K.A.1    Tyner, T.M.2    Zachary, L.3
  • 75
    • 0018252137 scopus 로고
    • The effect of circuit weight training on strength, cardiorespiratory function, and body composition of adult men
    • Gettman LR, Ayres JJ, Pollock ML, Jackson A. The effect of circuit weight training on strength, cardiorespiratory function, and body composition of adult men. Med Sci Sports. 1978;10:171-176.
    • (1978) Med Sci Sports , vol.10 , pp. 171-176
    • Gettman, L.R.1    Ayres, J.J.2    Pollock, M.L.3    Jackson, A.4
  • 76
    • 0035056135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circuit training enhances cardiorespiratory and strength benefits in persons with paraplegia
    • Jacobs PL, Nash MS, Rusinowski JW. Circuit training enhances cardiorespiratory and strength benefits in persons with paraplegia. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2001;33(5):711-717.
    • (2001) Med Sci Sport Exerc , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 711-717
    • Jacobs, P.L.1    Nash, M.S.2    Rusinowski, J.W.3
  • 77
    • 0035291950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circuit resistance training improves the atherogenic lipid profiles of persons with chronic paraplegia
    • Nash MS, Jacobs PL, Mendez AJ, Goldberg RB. Circuit resistance training improves the atherogenic lipid profiles of persons with chronic paraplegia. J Spinal Cord Med. 2001;24:2-9.
    • (2001) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.24 , pp. 2-9
    • Nash, M.S.1    Jacobs, P.L.2    Mendez, A.J.3    Goldberg, R.B.4
  • 78
    • 0036163695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of 2 circuit exercise training techniques for eliciting matched metabolic responses in persons with paraplegia
    • Nash MS, Jacobs PL, Woods JM, Clark JE, Pray TA, Pumarejo AE. A comparison of 2 circuit exercise training techniques for eliciting matched metabolic responses in persons with paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:201-209.
    • (2002) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.83 , pp. 201-209
    • Nash, M.S.1    Jacobs, P.L.2    Woods, J.M.3    Clark, J.E.4    Pray, T.A.5    Pumarejo, A.E.6
  • 79
    • 6044273118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular fitness after spinal cord injuries
    • Lin V, ed, New York: Demos Medical Publications;
    • Nash MS. Cardiovascular fitness after spinal cord injuries. In: Lin V, ed. Spinal Cord Medicine. New York: Demos Medical Publications; 2002:637-646.
    • (2002) Spinal Cord Medicine , pp. 637-646
    • Nash, M.S.1
  • 80
    • 0028328891 scopus 로고
    • Functional neuromuscular stimulation. Exercise conditioning of spinal cord injured patients
    • Glaser RM. Functional neuromuscular stimulation. Exercise conditioning of spinal cord injured patients. Int J Sports Med. 1994;15:142-148.
    • (1994) Int J Sports Med , vol.15 , pp. 142-148
    • Glaser, R.M.1
  • 81
    • 0021708105 scopus 로고
    • The use of functional electrical stimulation for rehabilitation of spinal cord injured patients
    • Petrofsky JS, Phillips CA. The use of functional electrical stimulation for rehabilitation of spinal cord injured patients. Cent Nerv Syst Trauma. 1984;1:57-74.
    • (1984) Cent Nerv Syst Trauma , vol.1 , pp. 57-74
    • Petrofsky, J.S.1    Phillips, C.A.2
  • 83
    • 0029585182 scopus 로고
    • Peak and submaximal physiologic responses following electrical stimulation leg cycle ergometer training
    • Hooker SP, Scremin AM, Mutton DL, Kunkel CF, Cagle G. Peak and submaximal physiologic responses following electrical stimulation leg cycle ergometer training. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1995;32:361-366.
    • (1995) J Rehabil Res Dev , vol.32 , pp. 361-366
    • Hooker, S.P.1    Scremin, A.M.2    Mutton, D.L.3    Kunkel, C.F.4    Cagle, G.5
  • 84
    • 0030875472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologic responses during functional electrical stimulation leg cycling and hybrid exercise in spinal cord injured subjects
    • Mutton DL, Scremin AM, Barstow TJ, Scott MD, Kunkel CF, Cagle TG. Physiologic responses during functional electrical stimulation leg cycling and hybrid exercise in spinal cord injured subjects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:712-718.
    • (1997) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.78 , pp. 712-718
    • Mutton, D.L.1    Scremin, A.M.2    Barstow, T.J.3    Scott, M.D.4    Kunkel, C.F.5    Cagle, T.G.6
  • 86
    • 0032787122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing muscle mass in spinal cord injured persons with a functional electrical stimulation exercise program
    • Scremin AM, Kurta L, Gentili A, Wiseman B, Perell K, Kunkel C, Scremin OU. Increasing muscle mass in spinal cord injured persons with a functional electrical stimulation exercise program. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:1531-1536.
    • (1999) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.80 , pp. 1531-1536
    • Scremin, A.M.1    Kurta, L.2    Gentili, A.3    Wiseman, B.4    Perell, K.5    Kunkel, C.6    Scremin, O.U.7
  • 88
    • 0031729125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced overexpression of key regulatory proteins involved in glucose uptake and metabolism in tetraplegic persons: Molecular mechanism for improved glucose homeostasis
    • Hjeltnes N, Galuska D, Bjornholm M, Aksnes AK, Lannem A, Zierath JR, Wallberg-Henriksson H. Exercise-induced overexpression of key regulatory proteins involved in glucose uptake and metabolism in tetraplegic persons: molecular mechanism for improved glucose homeostasis. FASEB J. 1998;12:1701-1712.
    • (1998) FASEB J , vol.12 , pp. 1701-1712
    • Hjeltnes, N.1    Galuska, D.2    Bjornholm, M.3    Aksnes, A.K.4    Lannem, A.5    Zierath, J.R.6    Wallberg-Henriksson, H.7
  • 89
    • 0034911071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin action and long-term electrically induced training in individuals with spinal cord injuries
    • Mohr T, Dela F, Handberg A, Biering-Sorensen F, Galbo H, Kjaer M. Insulin action and long-term electrically induced training in individuals with spinal cord injuries. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:1247-1252.
    • (2001) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.33 , pp. 1247-1252
    • Mohr, T.1    Dela, F.2    Handberg, A.3    Biering-Sorensen, F.4    Galbo, H.5    Kjaer, M.6
  • 91
    • 0037307270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in resting metabolic rate between paraplegic and able-bodied subjects are explained by differences in body composition
    • Buchholz AC, McGillivray CF, Pencharz PB. Differences in resting metabolic rate between paraplegic and able-bodied subjects are explained by differences in body composition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:371-378.
    • (2003) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.77 , pp. 371-378
    • Buchholz, A.C.1    McGillivray, C.F.2    Pencharz, P.B.3
  • 92
    • 0021878404 scopus 로고
    • Energy expenditure after spinal cord injury: An evaluation of stable rehabilitating patients
    • Cox SA, Weiss SM, Posuniak EA, Worthington P, Prioleau M, Heffley G. Energy expenditure after spinal cord injury: an evaluation of stable rehabilitating patients. J Trauma. 1985;25:419-423.
    • (1985) J Trauma , vol.25 , pp. 419-423
    • Cox, S.A.1    Weiss, S.M.2    Posuniak, E.A.3    Worthington, P.4    Prioleau, M.5    Heffley, G.6
  • 96
    • 0023922519 scopus 로고
    • Resting metabolic requirements of men and women
    • Owen OE. Resting metabolic requirements of men and women. Mayo Clin Proc. 1988;63:503-510.
    • (1988) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.63 , pp. 503-510
    • Owen, O.E.1
  • 98
    • 0030808638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between resting metabolic rate and the composition of the fat-free mass
    • Sparti A, DeLany JP, de la Bretonne JA, Sander GE, Bray GA. Relationship between resting metabolic rate and the composition of the fat-free mass. Metabolism. 1997;46:1225-1230.
    • (1997) Metabolism , vol.46 , pp. 1225-1230
    • Sparti, A.1    DeLany, J.P.2    de la Bretonne, J.A.3    Sander, G.E.4    Bray, G.A.5
  • 99
    • 0026178275 scopus 로고
    • Postexercise energy expenditure following upper body exercise
    • Sedlock DA. Postexercise energy expenditure following upper body exercise. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1991;62:213-216.
    • (1991) Res Q Exerc Sport , vol.62 , pp. 213-216
    • Sedlock, D.A.1
  • 100
    • 0028672905 scopus 로고
    • Fitness level and postexercise energy expenditure
    • Sedlock DA. Fitness level and postexercise energy expenditure. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1994;34:336-342.
    • (1994) J Sports Med Phys Fitness , vol.34 , pp. 336-342
    • Sedlock, D.A.1
  • 106
    • 0025401453 scopus 로고
    • Recruitment, force and fatigue characteristics of quadriceps muscles of paraplegics isometrically activated by surface functional electrical stimulation
    • Levy M, Mizrahi J, Susak Z. Recruitment, force and fatigue characteristics of quadriceps muscles of paraplegics isometrically activated by surface functional electrical stimulation. J Biomed Eng. 1990;12:150-156.
    • (1990) J Biomed Eng , vol.12 , pp. 150-156
    • Levy, M.1    Mizrahi, J.2    Susak, Z.3
  • 107
    • 0029143312 scopus 로고
    • Influence of electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior muscle in paraplegic subjects. 1. Contractile properties
    • Rochester L, Chandler CS, Johnson MA, Sutton RA, Miller S. Influence of electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior muscle in paraplegic subjects. 1. Contractile properties. Paraplegia. 1995;33:437-449.
    • (1995) Paraplegia , vol.33 , pp. 437-449
    • Rochester, L.1    Chandler, C.S.2    Johnson, M.A.3    Sutton, R.A.4    Miller, S.5
  • 108
    • 0025806595 scopus 로고
    • Morphometric and neurophysiological analysis of skeletal muscle in paraplegic patients with traumatic cord lesion
    • Lotta S, Scelsi R, Alfonsi E, Saitta A, Nicolotti D, Epifani P, Carraro U. Morphometric and neurophysiological analysis of skeletal muscle in paraplegic patients with traumatic cord lesion. Paraplegia. 1991;29:247-252.
    • (1991) Paraplegia , vol.29 , pp. 247-252
    • Lotta, S.1    Scelsi, R.2    Alfonsi, E.3    Saitta, A.4    Nicolotti, D.5    Epifani, P.6    Carraro, U.7
  • 109
    • 0019987804 scopus 로고
    • Muscle fiber type morphology and distribution in paraplegic patients with traumatic cord lesion. Histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of rectus femoris muscle
    • Scelsi R, Marchetti C, Poggi P, Lotta S, Lommi G. Muscle fiber type morphology and distribution in paraplegic patients with traumatic cord lesion. Histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of rectus femoris muscle. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1982;57:243-248.
    • (1982) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.57 , pp. 243-248
    • Scelsi, R.1    Marchetti, C.2    Poggi, P.3    Lotta, S.4    Lommi, G.5
  • 111
    • 0036784999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical properties of rat soleus after long-term spinal cord transection
    • Talmadge RJ, Roy RR, Caiozzo VJ, Edgerton VR. Mechanical properties of rat soleus after long-term spinal cord transection. J Appl Physiol. 2002;93:1487-1497.
    • (2002) J Appl Physiol , vol.93 , pp. 1487-1497
    • Talmadge, R.J.1    Roy, R.R.2    Caiozzo, V.J.3    Edgerton, V.R.4
  • 112
    • 0028935443 scopus 로고
    • Prominence of myosin heavy chain hybrid fibers in soleus muscle of spinal cord-transected rats
    • Talmadge RJ, Roy RR, Edgerton VR. Prominence of myosin heavy chain hybrid fibers in soleus muscle of spinal cord-transected rats. J Appl Physiol. 1995;78:1256-1265.
    • (1995) J Appl Physiol , vol.78 , pp. 1256-1265
    • Talmadge, R.J.1    Roy, R.R.2    Edgerton, V.R.3
  • 113
    • 0029115294 scopus 로고
    • Myofibrillar ATPase activity of feline muscle fibers expressing slow and fast myosin heavy chains
    • Talmadge RJ, Roy RR, Jiang B, Edgerton VR. Myofibrillar ATPase activity of feline muscle fibers expressing slow and fast myosin heavy chains. J Histochem Cytochem. 1995;43:811-819.
    • (1995) J Histochem Cytochem , vol.43 , pp. 811-819
    • Talmadge, R.J.1    Roy, R.R.2    Jiang, B.3    Edgerton, V.R.4
  • 115
    • 0029011941 scopus 로고
    • Fatigability, relaxation properties, and electromyographic responses of the human paralyzed soleus muscle
    • Shields RK. Fatigability, relaxation properties, and electromyographic responses of the human paralyzed soleus muscle. J Neurophysiol. 1995;73:2195-2206.
    • (1995) J Neurophysiol , vol.73 , pp. 2195-2206
    • Shields, R.K.1
  • 116
    • 0036158197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscular, skeletal, and neural adaptations following spinal cord injury
    • Shields RK. Muscular, skeletal, and neural adaptations following spinal cord injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2002;32:65-74.
    • (2002) J Orthop Sports Phys Ther , vol.32 , pp. 65-74
    • Shields, R.K.1
  • 117
    • 0030912543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of electrically induced fatigue on the twitch and tetanus of paralyzed soleus muscle in humans
    • Shields RK, Law LF, Reiling B, Sass K, Wilwert J. Effects of electrically induced fatigue on the twitch and tetanus of paralyzed soleus muscle in humans. J Appl Physiol. 1997;82:1499-1507.
    • (1997) J Appl Physiol , vol.82 , pp. 1499-1507
    • Shields, R.K.1    Law, L.F.2    Reiling, B.3    Sass, K.4    Wilwert, J.5
  • 118
    • 0022849885 scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate metabolism during hard exercise and in the recovery period after exercise
    • Hultman EH. Carbohydrate metabolism during hard exercise and in the recovery period after exercise. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1986;556:75-82.
    • (1986) Acta Physiol Scand Suppl , vol.556 , pp. 75-82
    • Hultman, E.H.1
  • 119
    • 0028956952 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic response and muscle glycogen depletion pattern during prolonged electrically induced dynamic exercise in man
    • Kim CK, Bangsbo J, Strange S, Karpakka J, Saltin B. Metabolic response and muscle glycogen depletion pattern during prolonged electrically induced dynamic exercise in man. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1995;27:51-58.
    • (1995) Scand J Rehabil Med , vol.27 , pp. 51-58
    • Kim, C.K.1    Bangsbo, J.2    Strange, S.3    Karpakka, J.4    Saltin, B.5
  • 120
    • 0034807794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycogen and glycogen phosphorylase associated with sarcoplasmic reticulum: Effects of fatiguing activity
    • Lees SJ, Franks PD, Spangenburg EE, Williams JH. Glycogen and glycogen phosphorylase associated with sarcoplasmic reticulum: effects of fatiguing activity. J Appl Physiol. 2001;91:1638-1644.
    • (2001) J Appl Physiol , vol.91 , pp. 1638-1644
    • Lees, S.J.1    Franks, P.D.2    Spangenburg, E.E.3    Williams, J.H.4
  • 121
    • 0025310246 scopus 로고
    • Type II fiber activation with electrical stimulation: A preliminary report
    • Sinacore DR, Delitto A, King DS, Rose SJ. Type II fiber activation with electrical stimulation: a preliminary report. Phys Ther. 1990;70:416-422.
    • (1990) Phys Ther , vol.70 , pp. 416-422
    • Sinacore, D.R.1    Delitto, A.2    King, D.S.3    Rose, S.J.4
  • 122
    • 0027210393 scopus 로고
    • Effects of eccentric and concentric exercise on muscle glycogen replenishment
    • Doyle JA, Sherman WM, Strauss RL. Effects of eccentric and concentric exercise on muscle glycogen replenishment. J Appl Physiol. 1993;74:1848-1855.
    • (1993) J Appl Physiol , vol.74 , pp. 1848-1855
    • Doyle, J.A.1    Sherman, W.M.2    Strauss, R.L.3
  • 126
    • 0020375440 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and endocrine changes in spinal cord injury: II (section 2). Partial decentralization of the autonomic nervous system
    • Claus-Walker J, Halstead LS. Metabolic and endocrine changes in spinal cord injury: II (section 2). Partial decentralization of the autonomic nervous system. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1982;63:576-580.
    • (1982) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.63 , pp. 576-580
    • Claus-Walker, J.1    Halstead, L.S.2
  • 127
    • 0022469035 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular findings in quadriplegic and paraplegic patients and in normal subjects
    • Kessler KM, Pina I, Green B, et al. Cardiovascular findings in quadriplegic and paraplegic patients and in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol. 1986;58:525-530.
    • (1986) Am J Cardiol , vol.58 , pp. 525-530
    • Kessler, K.M.1    Pina, I.2    Green, B.3
  • 128
    • 0028967248 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the sympathetic nervous system on insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue metabolism: A study in spinal cord-injured subjects
    • Karlsson AK, Attvall S, Jansson PA, Sullivan L, Lonnroth P. Influence of the sympathetic nervous system on insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue metabolism: a study in spinal cord-injured subjects. Metabolism. 1995;44:52-58.
    • (1995) Metabolism , vol.44 , pp. 52-58
    • Karlsson, A.K.1    Attvall, S.2    Jansson, P.A.3    Sullivan, L.4    Lonnroth, P.5
  • 129
    • 0021659775 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and haemodynamic responses to tilting and to standing in tetraplegic patients: A review
    • Figoni SF. Cardiovascular and haemodynamic responses to tilting and to standing in tetraplegic patients: a review. Paraplegia. 1984;22:99-109.
    • (1984) Paraplegia , vol.22 , pp. 99-109
    • Figoni, S.F.1
  • 130
    • 0024450743 scopus 로고
    • Temperature regulation during upper body exercise: Able-bodied and spinal cord injured
    • Sawka MN, Latzka WA, Pandolf KB. Temperature regulation during upper body exercise: able-bodied and spinal cord injured. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989;21:S132-140.
    • (1989) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.21
    • Sawka, M.N.1    Latzka, W.A.2    Pandolf, K.B.3
  • 131
    • 0025361531 scopus 로고
    • Plasma catecholamine responses to exercise after training with beta-adrenergic blockade
    • Wolfel EE, Hiatt WR, Brammell HL, Travis V, Horwitz LD. Plasma catecholamine responses to exercise after training with beta-adrenergic blockade. J Appl Physiol. 1990;68:586-593.
    • (1990) J Appl Physiol , vol.68 , pp. 586-593
    • Wolfel, E.E.1    Hiatt, W.R.2    Brammell, H.L.3    Travis, V.4    Horwitz, L.D.5
  • 132
    • 0032701142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High density lipoprotein cholesterol in individuals with spinal cord injury: The potential role of physical activity
    • Washburn RA, Figoni SF. High density lipoprotein cholesterol in individuals with spinal cord injury: the potential role of physical activity. Spinal Cord. 1999;37:685-695.
    • (1999) Spinal Cord , vol.37 , pp. 685-695
    • Washburn, R.A.1    Figoni, S.F.2
  • 133
    • 0021145409 scopus 로고
    • The maximum physiological responses during incremental wheelchair and arm cranking exercise in male paraplegics
    • Gass GC, Camp EM. The maximum physiological responses during incremental wheelchair and arm cranking exercise in male paraplegics. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984;16:355-359.
    • (1984) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.16 , pp. 355-359
    • Gass, G.C.1    Camp, E.M.2
  • 135
    • 0026494432 scopus 로고
    • Excess postexercise oxygen consumption - magnitude, mechanisms and practical implications
    • Bahr R. Excess postexercise oxygen consumption - magnitude, mechanisms and practical implications. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1992;605:1-70.
    • (1992) Acta Physiol Scand Suppl , vol.605 , pp. 1-70
    • Bahr, R.1
  • 137
    • 0030871411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excess postexercise oxygen consumption and recovery rate in trained and untrained subjects
    • Short KR, Sedlock DA. Excess postexercise oxygen consumption and recovery rate in trained and untrained subjects. J Appl Physiol. 1997;83:153-159.
    • (1997) J Appl Physiol , vol.83 , pp. 153-159
    • Short, K.R.1    Sedlock, D.A.2
  • 138
    • 0027170218 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing excess postexercise oxygen consumption in trained and untrained women
    • Frey GC, Byrnes WC, Mazzeo RS. Factors influencing excess postexercise oxygen consumption in trained and untrained women. Metabolism. 1993;42:822-828.
    • (1993) Metabolism , vol.42 , pp. 822-828
    • Frey, G.C.1    Byrnes, W.C.2    Mazzeo, R.S.3
  • 139
    • 0032185807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of split exercise sessions on excess postexercise oxygen consumption and resting metabolic rate
    • Almuzaini KS, Potteiger JA, Green SB. Effects of split exercise sessions on excess postexercise oxygen consumption and resting metabolic rate. Can J Appl Physiol. 1998;23:433-443.
    • (1998) Can J Appl Physiol , vol.23 , pp. 433-443
    • Almuzaini, K.S.1    Potteiger, J.A.2    Green, S.B.3
  • 141
    • 0024848145 scopus 로고
    • Effect of exercise intensity and duration on postexercise energy expenditure
    • Sedlock DA, Fissinger JA, Melby CL. Effect of exercise intensity and duration on postexercise energy expenditure. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989;21:662-666.
    • (1989) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.21 , pp. 662-666
    • Sedlock, D.A.1    Fissinger, J.A.2    Melby, C.L.3
  • 142
    • 0027487921 scopus 로고
    • The effects of intensity of exercise on excess postexercise oxygen consumption and energy expenditure in moderately trained men and women
    • Smith J, McNaughton L. The effects of intensity of exercise on excess postexercise oxygen consumption and energy expenditure in moderately trained men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1993;67:420-425.
    • (1993) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.67 , pp. 420-425
    • Smith, J.1    McNaughton, L.2
  • 143
    • 8444249604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in spinal cord-injured men
    • Sedlock DA, Schneider DA, Gass E, Gass G. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in spinal cord-injured men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;93:231-236.
    • (2004) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.93 , pp. 231-236
    • Sedlock, D.A.1    Schneider, D.A.2    Gass, E.3    Gass, G.4
  • 145
    • 0031919252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on postexercise oxygen consumption and triglyceride/fatty acid cycling
    • Borsheim E, Bahr R, Hostmark AT, Knardahl S. Effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on postexercise oxygen consumption and triglyceride/fatty acid cycling. Metabolism. 1998;47:439-448.
    • (1998) Metabolism , vol.47 , pp. 439-448
    • Borsheim, E.1    Bahr, R.2    Hostmark, A.T.3    Knardahl, S.4
  • 146
    • 0032726140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of residual neurological deficit on oral glucose tolerance in persons with chronic spinal cord injury
    • Bauman WA, Adkins RH, Spungen AM, Waters RL. The effect of residual neurological deficit on oral glucose tolerance in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1999;37:765-771.
    • (1999) Spinal Cord , vol.37 , pp. 765-771
    • Bauman, W.A.1    Adkins, R.H.2    Spungen, A.M.3    Waters, R.L.4
  • 147
    • 9344252265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone screening among men admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation
    • Acuff ME, Clark M, Hagglund KJ, Schopp LH. Testosterone screening among men admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;83:934-935.
    • (2004) Am J Phys Med Rehabil , vol.83 , pp. 934-935
    • Acuff, M.E.1    Clark, M.2    Hagglund, K.J.3    Schopp, L.H.4
  • 148
    • 0029033967 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of spinal cord injury on the pituitary-testicular hormone axis and Sertoli cell functions: A time course study
    • Huang HF, Linsenmeyer TA, Li MT, et al. Acute effects of spinal cord injury on the pituitary-testicular hormone axis and Sertoli cell functions: a time course study. J Androl. 1995;16:148-157.
    • (1995) J Androl , vol.16 , pp. 148-157
    • Huang, H.F.1    Linsenmeyer, T.A.2    Li, M.T.3
  • 150
    • 0029054587 scopus 로고
    • Serum testosterone and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I in adults with spinal cord injury
    • Tsitouras PD, Zhong YG, Spungen AM, Bauman WA. Serum testosterone and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I in adults with spinal cord injury. Horm Metab Res. 1995;27:287-292.
    • (1995) Horm Metab Res , vol.27 , pp. 287-292
    • Tsitouras, P.D.1    Zhong, Y.G.2    Spungen, A.M.3    Bauman, W.A.4
  • 151
    • 0027478071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shetty KR, Sutton CH, Mattson DE, Rudman D. Hyposomatomedinemia in quadriplegic men. Am J Med Sci. 1993;305:95-100.
    • Shetty KR, Sutton CH, Mattson DE, Rudman D. Hyposomatomedinemia in quadriplegic men. Am J Med Sci. 1993;305:95-100.
  • 152
    • 0026568519 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the menstrual cycle and spinal cord injury
    • Reame NE. A prospective study of the menstrual cycle and spinal cord injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1992;71:15-21.
    • (1992) Am J Phys Med Rehabil , vol.71 , pp. 15-21
    • Reame, N.E.1
  • 153
    • 0035641195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body composition changes and anabolic hormone considerations with advancing age and in persons with spinal cord injury
    • Bauman WA, Spungen AM. Body composition changes and anabolic hormone considerations with advancing age and in persons with spinal cord injury. Wounds Compendium Clin Res Pract. 2001;13:22D-31D.
    • (2001) Wounds Compendium Clin Res Pract , vol.13
    • Bauman, W.A.1    Spungen, A.M.2
  • 154
    • 33745684473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes
    • Kapoor D, Goodwin E, Channer KS, Jones TH. Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;154:899-906.
    • (2006) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.154 , pp. 899-906
    • Kapoor, D.1    Goodwin, E.2    Channer, K.S.3    Jones, T.H.4
  • 155
    • 20044388344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Older men are as responsive as young men to the anabolic effects of graded doses of testosterone on the skeletal muscle
    • Bhasin S, Woodhouse L, Casaburi R, et al. Older men are as responsive as young men to the anabolic effects of graded doses of testosterone on the skeletal muscle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:678-688.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 678-688
    • Bhasin, S.1    Woodhouse, L.2    Casaburi, R.3
  • 156
    • 53049109689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance training and testosterone replacement induced changes in body composition, free testosterone, IGF-1, and IGFBP-1 in the frail elderly
    • Lambert CP, Bopp MM, Johnson LE, Sullivan DH. Resistance training and testosterone replacement induced changes in body composition, free testosterone, IGF-1, and IGFBP-1 in the frail elderly. FASEB J. 2006;20:A396-A397
    • (2006) FASEB J , vol.20
    • Lambert, C.P.1    Bopp, M.M.2    Johnson, L.E.3    Sullivan, D.H.4
  • 158
    • 0023891087 scopus 로고
    • Rectal and rectal vs. esophageal temperatures in paraplegic men during prolonged exercise
    • Gass GC, Camp EM, Nadel ER, Gwinn TH, Engel P. Rectal and rectal vs. esophageal temperatures in paraplegic men during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1988;64:2265-2271.
    • (1988) J Appl Physiol , vol.64 , pp. 2265-2271
    • Gass, G.C.1    Camp, E.M.2    Nadel, E.R.3    Gwinn, T.H.4    Engel, P.5
  • 160
    • 0029031931 scopus 로고
    • Effect of arm cranking exercise on skin blood flow of lower limb in people with injuries to the spinal cord
    • Muraki S, Yamasaki M, Ishii K, Kikuchi K, Seki K. Effect of arm cranking exercise on skin blood flow of lower limb in people with injuries to the spinal cord. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1995;71:28-32.
    • (1995) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol , vol.71 , pp. 28-32
    • Muraki, S.1    Yamasaki, M.2    Ishii, K.3    Kikuchi, K.4    Seki, K.5
  • 161
    • 0030068554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between core temperature and skin blood flux in lower limbs during prolonged arm exercise in persons with spinal cord injury
    • Muraki S, Yamasaki M, Ishii K, Kikuchi K, Seki K. Relationship between core temperature and skin blood flux in lower limbs during prolonged arm exercise in persons with spinal cord injury. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1996;72:330-334.
    • (1996) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.72 , pp. 330-334
    • Muraki, S.1    Yamasaki, M.2    Ishii, K.3    Kikuchi, K.4    Seki, K.5
  • 162
    • 0029299975 scopus 로고
    • Effects of upper limb exercise on thermoregulatory responses in patients with spinal cord injury
    • Ishii K, Yamasaki M, Muraki S, et al. Effects of upper limb exercise on thermoregulatory responses in patients with spinal cord injury. Appl Human Sci. 1995;14:149-154.
    • (1995) Appl Human Sci , vol.14 , pp. 149-154
    • Ishii, K.1    Yamasaki, M.2    Muraki, S.3
  • 163
    • 0032750909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulatory responses of spinal cord injured and able-bodied athletes to prolonged upper body exercise and recovery
    • Price MJ, Campbell IG. Thermoregulatory responses of spinal cord injured and able-bodied athletes to prolonged upper body exercise and recovery. Spinal Cord. 1999;37:772-779.
    • (1999) Spinal Cord , vol.37 , pp. 772-779
    • Price, M.J.1    Campbell, I.G.2
  • 164
    • 18144363180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity energy expenditure predicts progression toward the metabolic syndrome independently of aerobic fitness in middle-aged healthy Caucasians: The Medical Research Council Ely Study
    • Ekelund U, Brage S, Franks PW, Hennings S, Emms S, Wareham NJ. Physical activity energy expenditure predicts progression toward the metabolic syndrome independently of aerobic fitness in middle-aged healthy Caucasians: the Medical Research Council Ely Study. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1195-1200.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1195-1200
    • Ekelund, U.1    Brage, S.2    Franks, P.W.3    Hennings, S.4    Emms, S.5    Wareham, N.J.6
  • 165
    • 12844273382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and mortality: Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness
    • Katzmarzyk PT, Church TS, Janssen I, Ross R, Blair SN. Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and mortality: impact of cardiorespiratory fitness. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:391-397.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 391-397
    • Katzmarzyk, P.T.1    Church, T.S.2    Janssen, I.3    Ross, R.4    Blair, S.N.5
  • 166
    • 33644798308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise as a health-promoting activity following spinal cord injury [abstract]
    • Nash MS. Exercise as a health-promoting activity following spinal cord injury [abstract]. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2005;22:87-106.
    • (2005) J Neurol Phys Ther , vol.22 , pp. 87-106
    • Nash, M.S.1
  • 167
    • 0024590320 scopus 로고
    • Effects of low- and moderate-intensity training in spinal cord-injured persons
    • Hooker SP, Wells CL. Effects of low- and moderate-intensity training in spinal cord-injured persons. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989;21:18-22.
    • (1989) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.21 , pp. 18-22
    • Hooker, S.P.1    Wells, C.L.2
  • 168
    • 0020527234 scopus 로고
    • Effect of arm ergometry training on physical work capacity of individuals with spinal cord injuries
    • DiCarlo SE, Supp MD, Taylor HC. Effect of arm ergometry training on physical work capacity of individuals with spinal cord injuries. Phys Ther. 1983;63:1104-1107.
    • (1983) Phys Ther , vol.63 , pp. 1104-1107
    • DiCarlo, S.E.1    Supp, M.D.2    Taylor, H.C.3
  • 169
    • 0023831995 scopus 로고
    • Effect of arm ergometry training on wheelchair propulsion endurance of individuals with quadriplegia
    • DiCarlo SE. Effect of arm ergometry training on wheelchair propulsion endurance of individuals with quadriplegia. Phys Ther. 1988;68:40-44.
    • (1988) Phys Ther , vol.68 , pp. 40-44
    • DiCarlo, S.E.1
  • 170
    • 18944381677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid profiles are influenced by arm cranking exercise and training in individuals with spinal cord injury
    • El-Sayed MS, Younesian A. Lipid profiles are influenced by arm cranking exercise and training in individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2005;43:299-305.
    • (2005) Spinal Cord , vol.43 , pp. 299-305
    • El-Sayed, M.S.1    Younesian, A.2
  • 171
    • 0024441237 scopus 로고
    • Aerobic exercise training programs for the upper body
    • Franklin BA. Aerobic exercise training programs for the upper body. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989;21:S141-148.
    • (1989) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.21
    • Franklin, B.A.1
  • 172
    • 0346780581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of training intensity on physical capacity, lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in early rehabilitation of spinal cord injured individuals
    • de Groot PC, Hjeltnes N, Heijboer AC, Stal W, Birkeland K. Effect of training intensity on physical capacity, lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in early rehabilitation of spinal cord injured individuals. Spinal Cord. 2003;41:673-679.
    • (2003) Spinal Cord , vol.41 , pp. 673-679
    • de Groot, P.C.1    Hjeltnes, N.2    Heijboer, A.C.3    Stal, W.4    Birkeland, K.5
  • 173
    • 20444422954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness, inflammation, and the metabolic syndrome in men with paraplegia
    • Manns PJ, McCubbin JA, Williams DP. Fitness, inflammation, and the metabolic syndrome in men with paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:1176-1181.
    • (2005) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.86 , pp. 1176-1181
    • Manns, P.J.1    McCubbin, J.A.2    Williams, D.P.3
  • 174
    • 33646794055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of total and segmental body composition in spinal cord-injured athletes in Okayama prefecture of Japan
    • Inukai Y, Takahashi K, Wang DH, Kira S. Assessment of total and segmental body composition in spinal cord-injured athletes in Okayama prefecture of Japan. Acta Med Okayama. 2006;60:99-106.
    • (2006) Acta Med Okayama , vol.60 , pp. 99-106
    • Inukai, Y.1    Takahashi, K.2    Wang, D.H.3    Kira, S.4
  • 175
    • 0027247633 scopus 로고
    • Body composition of sedentary and physically active spinal cord injured individuals estimated from total body electrical conductivity
    • Olle MM, Pivarnik JM, Klish WJ, Morrow JR Jr. Body composition of sedentary and physically active spinal cord injured individuals estimated from total body electrical conductivity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74:706-710.
    • (1993) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.74 , pp. 706-710
    • Olle, M.M.1    Pivarnik, J.M.2    Klish, W.J.3    Morrow Jr., J.R.4
  • 176
    • 6344287114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal exercise intensities for fat metabolism in handbike cycling and cycling
    • Knechtle B, Muller G, Knecht H. Optimal exercise intensities for fat metabolism in handbike cycling and cycling. Spinal Cord. 2004;42:564-572.
    • (2004) Spinal Cord , vol.42 , pp. 564-572
    • Knechtle, B.1    Muller, G.2    Knecht, H.3
  • 177
    • 10744226978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of fat oxidation in arm cranking in spinal cord-injured people versus ergometry in cyclists
    • Knechtle B, Muller G, Willmann F, Eser P, Knecht H. Comparison of fat oxidation in arm cranking in spinal cord-injured people versus ergometry in cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;90:614-619.
    • (2003) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.90 , pp. 614-619
    • Knechtle, B.1    Muller, G.2    Willmann, F.3    Eser, P.4    Knecht, H.5
  • 178
    • 0036191054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after electrical stimulation-assisted cycling in people with spinal cord injury
    • Jeon JY, Weiss CB, Steadward RD, et al. Improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after electrical stimulation-assisted cycling in people with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2002;40:110-117.
    • (2002) Spinal Cord , vol.40 , pp. 110-117
    • Jeon, J.Y.1    Weiss, C.B.2    Steadward, R.D.3
  • 179
    • 21344473191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in skeletal muscle size and glucose tolerance with electrically stimulated resistance training in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury
    • Mahoney ET, Bickel CS, Elder C, Black C, Slade JM, Apple D Jr, Dudley GA. Changes in skeletal muscle size and glucose tolerance with electrically stimulated resistance training in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:1502-1504.
    • (2005) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.86 , pp. 1502-1504
    • Mahoney, E.T.1    Bickel, C.S.2    Elder, C.3    Black, C.4    Slade, J.M.5    Apple Jr, D.6    Dudley, G.A.7
  • 180
    • 0023788120 scopus 로고
    • Muscle and bone in paraplegic patients, and the effect of functional electrical stimulation
    • Pacy PJ, Hesp R, Halliday DA, Katz D, Cameron G, Reeve J. Muscle and bone in paraplegic patients, and the effect of functional electrical stimulation. Clin Sci (Lond). 1988;75:481-487.
    • (1988) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.75 , pp. 481-487
    • Pacy, P.J.1    Hesp, R.2    Halliday, D.A.3    Katz, D.4    Cameron, G.5    Reeve, J.6
  • 182
    • 0026134077 scopus 로고
    • Gains of cardiorespiratory fitness with arm-crank training in spinally disabled men
    • Davis G, Plyley MJ, Shephard RJ. Gains of cardiorespiratory fitness with arm-crank training in spinally disabled men. Can J Sport Sci. 1991;16:64-72.
    • (1991) Can J Sport Sci , vol.16 , pp. 64-72
    • Davis, G.1    Plyley, M.J.2    Shephard, R.J.3
  • 183
    • 0020058153 scopus 로고
    • Improved cardiopulmonary status after a two-month program of graded arm exercise in a patient with C6 quadriplegia. A case report
    • DiCarlo SE. Improved cardiopulmonary status after a two-month program of graded arm exercise in a patient with C6 quadriplegia. A case report. Phys Ther. 1982;62:456-459.
    • (1982) Phys Ther , vol.62 , pp. 456-459
    • DiCarlo, S.E.1
  • 184
    • 0025944194 scopus 로고
    • Effect of work rate increment on peak oxygen uptake during wheelchair ergometry in men with quadriplegia
    • Lasko-McCarthey P, Davis JA. Effect of work rate increment on peak oxygen uptake during wheelchair ergometry in men with quadriplegia. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1991;63:349-353.
    • (1991) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.63 , pp. 349-353
    • Lasko-McCarthey, P.1    Davis, J.A.2
  • 185
    • 0028842060 scopus 로고
    • Exercise prescription for sitting and supine exercise in subjects with quadriplegia
    • McLean KP, Jones PP, Skinner JS. Exercise prescription for sitting and supine exercise in subjects with quadriplegia. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:15-21.
    • (1995) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.27 , pp. 15-21
    • McLean, K.P.1    Jones, P.P.2    Skinner, J.S.3
  • 187
    • 0020822585 scopus 로고
    • Clinical use of exercise testing in handicapped patients
    • Whiting RB, Dreisinger TE, Abbott C. Clinical use of exercise testing in handicapped patients. Mo Med. 1983;80:582-585.
    • (1983) Mo Med , vol.80 , pp. 582-585
    • Whiting, R.B.1    Dreisinger, T.E.2    Abbott, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.