Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Journal of Neuroimmunology

Volumn 231, Issue 1-2, 2011, Pages 73-77

  Weissert, Robert ^a  

^a GENEVA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Efalizumab; Fludaribine; Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS); Infliximab; JC virus; Monoclonal antibodies (mAb); Mycophenylate mofetil; Natalizumab; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML); Rituximab

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; AZATHIOPRINE; BETA INTERFERON; BETA1A INTERFERON; CHLORPROMAZINE; CIDOFOVIR; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTARABINE; EFALIZUMAB; FLUDARABINE; INFLIXIMAB; INTERLEUKIN 2; MEFLOQUINE; MIRTAZAPINE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; NATALIZUMAB; RITUXIMAB; STEROID;

ARTICLE; BRAIN HERNIA; CROHN DISEASE; DEATH; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOTHERAPY; JC VIRUS; LYMPHOMA; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NONHUMAN; OLIGODENDROGLIA; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PLASMAPHERESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; HUMANS; JC VIRUS; LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL;

EID: 79952444229     PISSN: 01655728     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.09.021     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Alvarez-Lafuente R., Garcia-Montojo M., De Las Heras V., Bartolome M., Arroyo R. JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid samples of multiple sclerosis patients at the first demyelinating event. Mult. Scler. 2007, 13:590-595.
2. Astrom K.E., Mancall E.L., Richardson E.P. Progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy; a hitherto unrecognized complication of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease. Brain 1958, 81:93-111.
3. Berger J.R., Houff S. Opportunistic infections and other risks with newer multiple sclerosis therapies. Ann. Neurol. 2009, 65:367-377.
4. Berger J.R., Major E.O. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Semin. Neurol. 1999, 19:193-200.
5. Blake K., Pillay D., Knowles W., Brown D.W., Griffiths P.D., Taylor B. JC virus associated meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent girl. Arch. Dis. Child. 1992, 67:956-957.
6. Bogdanovic G., Priftakis P., Hammarin A.L., Soderstrom M., Samuelson A., Lewensohn-Fuchs I., Dalianis T. Detection of JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy but not in CSF samples from patients with herpes simplex encephalitis, enteroviral meningitis, or multiple sclerosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1998, 36:1137-1138.
7. Buckle G.J., Godec M.S., Rubi J.U., Tornatore C., Major E.O., Gibbs C.J., Gajdusek D.C., Asher D.M. Lack of JC viral genomic sequences in multiple sclerosis brain tissue by polymerase chain reaction. Ann. Neurol. 1992, 32:829-831.
8. Carson K.R., Focosi D., Major E.O., Petrini M., Richey E.A., West D.P., Bennett C.L. Monoclonal antibody-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in patients treated with rituximab, natalizumab, and efalizumab: a review from the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) Project. Lancet Oncol. 2009, 10:816-824.
9. Chen Y., Bord E., Tompkins T., Miller J., Tan C.S., Kinkel R.P., Stein M.C., Viscidi R.P., Ngo L.H., Koralnik I.J. Asymptomatic reactivation of JC virus in patients treated with natalizumab. N Engl J. Med. 2009, 361:1067-1074.
10. Chesters P.M., Heritage J., McCance D.J. Persistence of DNA sequences of BK virus and JC virus in normal human tissues and in diseased tissues. J. Infect. Dis. 1983, 147:676-684.
11. Del Valle L., Delbue S., Gordon J., Enam S., Croul S., Ferrante P., Khalili K. Expression of JC virus T-antigen in a patient with MS and glioblastoma multiforme. Neurology 2002, 58:895-900.
12. Delbue S., Branchetti E., Bertolacci S., Tavazzi E., Marchioni E., Maserati R., Minnucci G., Tremolada S., Vago G., Ferrante P. JC virus VP1 loop-specific polymorphisms are associated with favorable prognosis for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J. Neurovirol. 2009, 15:51-56.
13. Du Pasquier R.A., Schmitz J.E., Jean-Jacques J., Zheng Y., Gordon J., Khalili K., Letvin N.L., Koralnik I.J. Detection of JC virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in healthy individuals. J. Virol. 2004, 78:10206-10210.
14. Du Pasquier R.A., Stein M.C., Lima M.A., Dang X., Jean-Jacques J., Zheng Y., Letvin N.L., Koralnik I.J. JC virus induces a vigorous CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response in multiple sclerosis patients. J. Neuroimmunol. 2006, 176:181-186.
15. Elphick G.F., Querbes W., Jordan J.A., Gee G.V., Eash S., Manley K., Dugan A., Stanifer M., Bhatnagar A., Kroeze W.K., Roth B.L., Atwood W.J. The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells. Science 2004, 306:1380-1383.
16. Endo S., Okada Y., Orba Y., Nishihara H., Tanaka S., Nagashima K., Sawa H. JC virus agnoprotein colocalizes with tubulin. J. Neurovirol. 2003, 9(Suppl 1):10-14.
17. Ferrante P., Omodeo-Zorini E., Caldarelli-Stefano R., Mediati M., Fainardi E., Granieri E., Caputo D. Detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients. Mult. Scler. 1998, 4:49-54.
18. French M.A., Price P., Stone S.F. Immune restoration disease after antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2004, 18:1615-1627.
19. Frisque R.J., Bream G.L., Cannella M.T. Human polyomavirus JC virus genome. J. Virol. 1984, 51:458-469.
20. Frisque R.J., Bollag B., Tyagarajan S.K., Kilpatrick L.H. T' proteins influence JC virus biology. J. Neurovirol. 2003, 9(Suppl 1):15-20.
21. Gasparovic M.L., Gee G.V., Atwood W.J. JC virus minor capsid proteins Vp2 and Vp3 are essential for virus propagation. J. Virol. 2006, 80:10858-10861.
22. Gasparovic M.L., Maginnis M.S., O'Hara B.A., Dugan A.S., Atwood W.J. Modulation of PML protein expression regulates JCV infection. Virology 2009, 390:279-288.
23. Gonzalez H., Bolgert F., Camporo P., Leblond V. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML) in three patients treated with standard-dose fludarabine (FAMP). Hematol. Cell Ther. 1999, 41:183-186.
24. Gorelik L., Lerner M., Bixler S., Crossman M., Schlain B., Simon K., Pace A., Cheung A., Chen L.L., Berman M., Zein F., Wilson E., Yednock T., Sandrock A., Goelz S.E., Subramanyam M. Anti-JC virus antibodies: implications for PML risk stratification. Ann. Neurol. 2010, 68:295-303.
25. Hauser S.L., Waubant E., Arnold D.L., Vollmer T., Antel J., Fox R.J., Bar-Or A., Panzara M., Sarkar N., Agarwal S., Langer-Gould A., Smith C.H. B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-itting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J. Med. 2008, 358:676-688.
26. Iacobaeus E., Ryschkewitsch C., Gravell M., Khademi M., Wallstrom E., Olsson T., Brundin L., Major E. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid cells from patients with multiple sclerosis for detection of JC virus DNA. Mult. Scler. 2009, 15:28-35.
27. Jilek S., Jaquiery E., Hirsch H.H., Lysandropoulos A., Canales M., Guignard L., Schluep M., Pantaleo G., Du Pasquier R.A. Immune responses to JC virus in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Lancet Neurol. 2010, 9:264-272.
28. Johnson E.M. Structural evaluation of new human polyomaviruses provides clues to pathobiology. Trends Microbiol. 2010, 18:215-223.
29. Kappos L., Bates D., Hartung H.P., Havrdova E., Miller D., Polman C.H., Ravnborg M., Hauser S.L., Rudick R.A., Weiner H.L., O'Connor P.W., King J., Radue E.W., Yousry T., Major E.O., Clifford D.B. Natalizumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: recommendations for patient selection and monitoring. Lancet Neurol. 2007, 6:431-441.
30. Khatri B.O., Man S., Giovannoni G., Koo A.P., Lee J.C., Tucky B., Lynn F., Jurgensen S., Woodworth J., Goelz S., Duda P.W., Panzara M.A., Ransohoff R.M., Fox R.J. Effect of plasma exchange in accelerating natalizumab clearance and restoring leukocyte function. Neurology 2009, 72:402-409.
31. Kitamura T., Aso Y., Kuniyoshi N., Hara K., Yogo Y. High incidence of urinary JC virus excretion in nonimmunosuppressed older patients. J. Infect. Dis. 1990, 161:1128-1133.
32. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B.K., Tyler K.L. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment with natalizumab and interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis. N Engl J. Med. 2005, 353:369-374.
33. Komagome R., Sawa H., Suzuki T., Suzuki Y., Tanaka S., Atwood W.J., Nagashima K. Oligosaccharides as receptors for JC virus. J. Virol. 2002, 76:12992-13000.
34. Koralnik I.J. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy revisited: Has the disease outgrown its name?. Ann. Neurol. 2006, 60:162-173.
35. Koralnik I.J., Boden D., Mai V.X., Lord C.I., Letvin N.L. JC virus DNA load in patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology 1999, 52:253-260.
36. Koralnik I.J., Wuthrich C., Dang X., Rottnek M., Gurtman A., Simpson D., Morgello S. JC virus granule cell neuronopathy: A novel clinical syndrome distinct from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann. Neurol. 2005, 57:576-580.
37. Krupp L.B., Lipton R.B., Swerdlow M.L., Leeds N.E., Llena J. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: clinical and radiographic features. Ann. Neurol. 1985, 17:344-349.
38. Kumar D., Bouldin T.W., Berger R.G. A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with infliximab the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Arthritis Rheum. 2010, Aug 18. [Epub ahead of print].
39. Langer-Gould A., Atlas S.W., Green A.J., Bollen A.W., Pelletier D. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with natalizumab. N Engl J. Med. 2005, 353:375-381.
40. Lebwohl M., Tyring S.K., Hamilton T.K., Toth D., Glazer S., Tawfik N.H., Walicke P., Dummer W., Wang X., Garovoy M.R., Pariser D. A novel targeted T-cell modulator, efalizumab, for plaque psoriasis. N Engl J. Med. 2003, 349:2004-2013.
41. Linda H., von Heijne A., Major E.O., Ryschkewitsch C., Berg J., Olsson T., Martin C. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab monotherapy. N Engl J. Med. 2009, 361:1081-1087.
42. Liu C.K., Wei G., Atwood W.J. Infection of glial cells by the human polyomavirus JC is mediated by an N-linked glycoprotein containing terminal alpha(2-6)-linked sialic acids. J. Virol. 1998, 72:4643-4649.
43. Maginnis M.S., Atwood W.J. JC virus: an oncogenic virus in animals and humans?. Semin. Cancer Biol. 2009, 19:261-269.
44. Major E.O. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients on immunomodulatory therapies. Annu. Rev. Med. 2010, 61:35-47.
45. Major E.O., Amemiya K., Tornatore C.S., Houff S.A., Berger J.R. Pathogenesis and molecular biology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the JC virus-induced demyelinating disease of the human brain. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1992, 5:49-73.
46. Mancuso R., Hernis A., Cavarretta R., Caputo D., Calabrese E., Nemni R., Ferrante P., Delbue S., Clerici M. Detection of viral DNA sequences in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Med. Virol. 2010, 82:1051-1057.
47. Mao Y.S., Lu C.Z., Wang X., Xiao B.G. Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats by a viral peptide with limited homology to myelin basic protein. Exp. Neurol. 2007, 206:231-239.
48. Marshall L.J., Major E.O. Molecular regulation of JC virus tropism: insights into potential therapeutic targets for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2010, 5:404-417.
49. Marzocchetti A., Tompkins T., Clifford D.B., Gandhi R.T., Kesari S., Berger J.R., Simpson D.M., Prosperi M., De Luca A., Koralnik I.J. Determinants of survival in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology 2009, 73:1551-1558.
50. Meinke W., Smith R.A., Lancaster W.D., Goldstein D.A., Tourtellotte W.W., Spizizen J. In vitro-labeled DNA for detecting viral genomes in multiple sclerosis: I. Papovaviruses. Neurology 1977, 27:736-740.
51. Moll N.M., Rietsch A.M., Ransohoff A.J., Cossoy M.B., Huang D., Eichler F.S., Trapp B.D., Ransohoff R.M. Cortical demyelination in PML and MS: Similarities and differences. Neurology 2008, 70:336-343.
52. Monaco M.C., Jensen P.N., Hou J., Durham L.C., Major E.O. Detection of JC virus DNA in human tonsil tissue: evidence for site of initial viral infection. J. Virol. 1998, 72:9918-9923.
53. Osborn J.E., Robertson S.M., Padgett B.L., ZuRhein G.M., Walker D.L., Weisblum B. Comparison of JC and BK human papovaviruses with simian virus 40: restriction endonuclease digestion and gel electrophoresis of resultant fragments. J. Virol. 1974, 13:614-622.
54. Padgett B.L., Walker D.L., ZuRhein G.M., Eckroade R.J., Dessel B.H. Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Lancet 1971, 1:1257-1260.
55. Pho M.T., Ashok A., Atwood W.J. JC virus enters human glial cells by clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis. J. Virol. 2000, 74:2288-2292.
56. Rastetter W., Molina A., White C.A. Rituximab: expanding role in therapy for lymphomas and autoimmune diseases. Annu. Rev. Med. 2004, 55:477-503.
57. Richardson E.P. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 30years later. N Engl J. Med. 1988, 318:315-317.
58. Richardson E.P., Webster H.D. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: its pathological features. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 1983, 105:191-203.
59. Rizzo P., Di Resta I., Powers A., Ratner H., Carbone M. Unique strains of SV40 in commercial poliovaccines from 1955 not readily identifiable with current testing for SV40 infection. Cancer Res. 1999, 59:6103-6108.
60. Rudick R.A., O'Connor P.W., Polman C.H., Goodman A.D., Ray S.S., Griffith N.M., Jurgensen S.A., Gorelik L., Forrestal F., Sandrock A.W., Goelz S.E. Assessment of JC virus DNA in blood and urine from natalizumab-treated patients. Ann. Neurol. 2010, 68:304-310.
61. Safak M., Barrucco R., Darbinyan A., Okada Y., Nagashima K., Khalili K. Interaction of JC virus agno protein with T antigen modulates transcription and replication of the viral genome in glial cells. J. Virol. 2001, 75:1476-1486.
62. Sandyk R. Progressive multifocal leuco-encephalopathy. S. Afr. Med. J. 1983, 64:320-321.
63. Schmidbauer M., Budka H., Shah K.V. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS and in the pre-AIDS era. A neuropathological comparison using immunocytochemistry and in situ DNA hybridization for virus detection. Acta Neuropathol. 1990, 80:375-380.
64. Seminara N.M., Gelfand J.M. Assessing long-term drug safety: lessons (re) learned from raptiva. Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg. 2010, 29:16-19.
65. Seo G.J., Fink L.H., O'Hara B., Atwood W.J., Sullivan C.S. Evolutionarily conserved function of a viral microRNA. J. Virol. 2008, 82:9823-9828.
66. Shah R., Bag A.K., Chapman P.R., Cure J.K. Imaging manifestations of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clin. Radiol. 2010, 65:431-439.
67. Shankar S.K., Satishchandra P., Mahadevan A., Yasha T.C., Nagaraja D., Taly A.B., Prabhakar S., Nath A. Low prevalence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in India and Africa: is there a biological explanation?. J. Neurovirol. 2003, 9(Suppl 1):59-67.
68. Stoner G.L., Ryschkewitsch C.F., Walker D.L., Webster H.D. JC papovavirus large tumor (T)-antigen expression in brain tissue of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and non-AIDS patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1986, 83:2271-2275.
69. Sunyaev S.R., Lugovskoy A., Simon K., Gorelik L. Adaptive mutations in the JC virus protein capsid are associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). PLoS Genet. 2009, 5:e1000368.
70. Suzuki T., Orba Y., Okada Y., Sunden Y., Kimura T., Tanaka S., Nagashima K., Hall W.W., Sawa H. The human polyoma JC virus agnoprotein acts as a viroporin. PLoS Pathog. 2010, 6:e1000801.
71. Tan C.S., Koralnik I.J. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis. Lancet Neurol. 2010, 9:425-437.
72. Tan K., Roda R., Ostrow L., McArthur J., Nath A. PML-IRIS in patients with HIV infection: clinical manifestations and treatment with steroids. Neurology 2009, 72:1458-1464.
73. Trapp B.D., Small J.A., Pulley M., Khoury G., Scangos G.A. Dysmyelination in transgenic mice containing JC virus early region. Ann. Neurol. 1988, 23:38-48.
74. Van Assche G., Van Ranst M., Sciot R., Dubois B., Vermeire S., Noman M., Verbeeck J., Geboes K., Robberecht W., Rutgeerts P. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab therapy for Crohn's disease. N Engl J. Med. 2005, 353:362-368.
75. Weber T., Trebst C., Frye S., Cinque P., Vago L., Sindic C.J., Schulz-Schaeffer W.J., Kretzschmar H.A., Enzensberger W., Hunsmann G., Luke W. Analysis of the systemic and intrathecal humoral immune response in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J. Infect. Dis. 1997, 176:250-254.
76. Wenning W., Haghikia A., Laubenberger J., Clifford D.B., Behrens P.F., Chan A., Gold R. Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with natalizumab. N Engl J. Med. 2009, 361:1075-1080.
77. Wright P.J., Bernhardt G., Major E.O., di Mayorca G. Comparison of the serology, transforming ability, and polypeptide composition of human papovaviruses isolated from urine. J. Virol. 1976, 17:762-775.
78. Yousry T.A., Major E.O., Ryschkewitsch C., Fahle G., Fischer S., Hou J., Curfman B., Miszkiel K., Mueller-Lenke N., Sanchez E., Barkhof F., Radue E.W., Jager H.R., Clifford D.B. Evaluation of patients treated with natalizumab for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J. Med. 2006, 354:924-933.