메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 369, Issue 1938, 2011, Pages 933-956

Are there pre-Quaternary geological analogues for a future greenhouse warming?

Author keywords

Analogue; Climate models; Climate sensitivity; Earth system sensitivity; Palaeoclimate; Proxies

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; EARTH (PLANET); GLOBAL WARMING; GREENHOUSE GASES;

EID: 79952346796     PISSN: 1364503X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0317     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (86)

References (125)
  • 7
    • 73449133402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High Earth-system climate sensitivity determined from Pliocene carbon dioxide concentrations
    • doi:10.1038/ ngeo724
    • Pagani, M., Liu, Z., LaRiviere, J. & Ravelo, A. C. 2010 High Earth-system climate sensitivity determined from Pliocene carbon dioxide concentrations. Nat. Geosci. 3, 27-30. (doi:10.1038/ ngeo724)
    • (2010) Nat. Geosci. , vol.3 , pp. 27-30
    • Pagani, M.1    Liu, Z.2    LaRiviere, J.3    Ravelo, A.C.4
  • 8
    • 22744450037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric science: Marked decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during the Paleogene
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1110063
    • Pagani, M., Zachos, J. C., Freeman, K. H., Tipple, B. & Bohaty, S. 2005 Marked decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during the Paleogene. Science 309, 600-603. (doi:10.1126/science.1110063) (Pubitemid 41033641)
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , Issue.5734 , pp. 600-603
    • Pagani, M.1    Zachos, J.C.2    Freeman, K.H.3    Tipple, B.4    Bohaty, S.5
  • 10
    • 71549155639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 and ice sheet stability over major climate transitions of the last 20 million years
    • doi:10.1126/science.1178296
    • 2 and ice sheet stability over major climate transitions of the last 20 million years. Science 326, 1394-1397. (doi:10.1126/science.1178296)
    • (2009) Science , vol.326 , pp. 1394-1397
    • Tripati, A.K.1    Roberts, C.D.2    Eagle, R.A.3
  • 11
    • 67649240666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition
    • doi:10.1126/science.1171477
    • Hönisch, B., Hemming, G., Archer, D., Siddall, M. & McManus, J. F. 2009 Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Science 324, 1551-1554. (doi:10.1126/science.1171477)
    • (2009) Science , vol.324 , pp. 1551-1554
    • Hönisch, B.1    Hemming, G.2    Archer, D.3    Siddall, M.4    McManus, J.F.5
  • 12
    • 0000263852 scopus 로고
    • Are there any satisfactory geologic analogs for a future greenhouse warming
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1990)0031282:ATASGA2.0.CO;2
    • Crowley, T. J. 1991 Are there any satisfactory geologic analogs for a future greenhouse warming. J. Clim. 3, 1282-1292. (doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1990) 0032.0.CO;2)
    • (1991) J. Clim. , vol.3 , pp. 1282-1292
    • Crowley, T.J.1
  • 13
    • 0343716650 scopus 로고
    • World Meteorological Organization technical note 156 (WMO no. 486) World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Kellogg, W. W. 1977 Effects of human activities on climate. World Meteorological Organization technical note 156 (WMO no. 486). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (1977) Effects of Human Activities on Climate
    • Kellogg, W.W.1
  • 14
    • 0001503762 scopus 로고
    • Global trends of measured surface air temperature
    • doi:10.1029/JD092iD11p13345
    • Hansen, J. E. & Lebedeff, S. 1987 Global trends of measured surface air temperature. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 13 345-13 372. (doi:10.1029/ JD092iD11p13345)
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 13345-13372
    • Hansen, J.E.1    Lebedeff, S.2
  • 16
    • 0023717226 scopus 로고
    • Pliocene palaeoclimates: Past climates as possible analogues for mid-twenty-first century climate
    • doi:10.1016/0031-0182(88)90110-1
    • Zubakov, V. A. & Borzenkova, I. I. 1988 Pliocene palaeoclimates: Past climates as possible analogues for mid-twenty-first century climate. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 65, 35-49. (doi:10.1016/0031-0182(88) 90110-1)
    • (1988) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. , vol.65 , pp. 35-49
    • Zubakov, V.A.1    Borzenkova, I.I.2
  • 17
    • 0028163265 scopus 로고
    • Cooler estimates of Cretaceous temperatures
    • DOI 10.1038/370453a0
    • Sellwood, B. W., Price, G. D. & Valdes, P. J. 1994 Cooler estimates of cretaceous temperatures. Nature 370, 453-455. (doi:10.1038/370453a0) (Pubitemid 24263548)
    • (1994) Nature , vol.370 , Issue.6489 , pp. 453-455
    • Sellwood, B.W.1    Price, G.D.2    Valdes, P.J.3
  • 18
    • 77649129733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical cyclones and permanent El Niño in the early Pliocene epoch
    • doi:10.1038/nature08831
    • Fedorov, A. V., Brierley, C. M. & Emanuel, K. 2010 Tropical cyclones and permanent El Niño in the early Pliocene epoch. Nature 463, 1066-1070. (doi:10.1038/nature08831)
    • (2010) Nature , vol.463 , pp. 1066-1070
    • Fedorov, A.V.1    Brierley, C.M.2    Emanuel, K.3
  • 19
    • 34247370602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPCC. In Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • IPCC. 2007 Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. In Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
  • 20
    • 34547489061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global climate projections
    • Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Meehl, G. A. et al. 2007 Global climate projections. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
    • Meehl, G.A.1
  • 21
  • 22
    • 0034025893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments
    • Gordon, C., Cooper, C., Senior, C. A., Banks, H., Gregory, J. M., Johns, T. C., Mitchell, J. F. B. & Wood, R. A. 2000 The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Clim. Dyn. 16, 147-168. (doi:10.1007/ s003820050010) (Pubitemid 30192427)
    • (2000) Climate Dynamics , vol.16 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 147-168
    • Gordon, C.1    Cooper, C.2    Senior, C.A.3    Banks, H.4    Gregory, J.M.5    Johns, T.C.6    Mitchell, J.F.B.7    Wood, R.A.8
  • 24
    • 0031200783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 of the hadley centre coupled AOGCM with and without flux adjustment
    • doi:10.1029/97GL01930
    • 2 of the Hadley Centre coupled AOGCM with and without flux adjustment. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 1943-1946. (doi:10.1029/97GL01930)
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 1943-1946
    • Gregory, J.M.1    Mitchell, J.F.B.2
  • 25
    • 0030470929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies with a flexible new radiation code 1: Choosing a configuration for a large-scale model
    • doi:10.1002/qj.49712253107
    • Edwards, J. M. & Slingo, A. 1996 Studies with a flexible new radiation code 1: Choosing a configuration for a large-scale model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 122, 689-719. (doi:10.1002/qj. 49712253107)
    • (1996) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.122 , pp. 689-719
    • Edwards, J.M.1    Slingo, A.2
  • 26
    • 0032460465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The radiative impact of a simple aerosol climatology on the Hadley Centre atmospheric GCM
    • Cusack, S., Slingo, A., Edwards, J. M. & Wild, M. 1998 The radiative impact of a simple aerosol climatology on the Hadley Centre GCM. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 124, 2517-2526. (doi:10.1002/qj.49712455117) (Pubitemid 29126415)
    • (1998) Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , vol.124 , Issue.551 , pp. 2517-2526
    • Cusack, S.1
  • 27
    • 0031414462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterisation of momentum transport by convection: II. Tests in single column and general circulation models
    • doi:10.1002/qj.49712354103
    • Gregory, D., Kershaw, R. & Inness, P. M. 1997 Parameterisation of momentum transport by convection: II. Tests in single column and general circulation models. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 123, 1153-1183. (doi:10.1002/qj. 49712354103)
    • (1997) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.123 , pp. 1153-1183
    • Gregory, D.1    Kershaw, R.2    Inness, P.M.3
  • 28
    • 0033044341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of new land surface physics on the GCM simulation of climate and climate sensitivity
    • DOI 10.1007/s003820050276
    • Cox, P., Betts, R., Bunton, C., Essery, R., Rowntree, P. R. & Smith, J. 1999 The impact of new land-surface physics on the GCM simulation and climate sensitivity. Clim. Dyn. 15, 183-203. (doi:10.1007/s003820050276) (Pubitemid 29240046)
    • (1999) Climate Dynamics , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-203
    • Cox, P.M.1    Betts, R.A.2    Bunton, C.B.3    Essery, R.L.H.4    Rowntree, P.R.5    Smith, J.6
  • 29
    • 0000163627 scopus 로고
    • Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1990)0200150:IMIOCM2.0.CO;2
    • Gent, P. R. & McWilliams, J. C. 1990 Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 20, 150-155. (doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1990) 0202.0.CO;2)
    • (1990) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.20 , pp. 150-155
    • Gent, P.R.1    McWilliams, J.C.2
  • 31
    • 0036694185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary
    • doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)0300703:PBIEFI2.0.CO;2
    • 2 across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Geology 30, 703-706. (doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002) 0302.0.CO;2)
    • (2002) Geology , vol.30 , pp. 703-706
    • Nordt, L.1    Atchley, S.2    Dworkin, S.I.3
  • 32
    • 1642422778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial evidence for two greenhouse events in the latest Cretaceous
    • DOI 10.1130/1052-5173(2003)013<4:TEFTGE>2.0.CO;2
    • Nordt, L., Atchley, S. & Dworkin, S. I. 2003 Terrestrial evidence for two greenhouse events in the latest Cretaceous. GSA Today 13, 4-9. (doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2003)013 2.0.CO;2) (Pubitemid 38106833)
    • (2003) GSA Today , vol.13 , Issue.12 , pp. 4-9
    • Nordt, L.1    Atchley, S.2    Dworkin, S.3
  • 33
    • 0033270111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 400 million year carbon isotope record of pedogenic carbonate: Implications for paleoatmospheric carbon dioxide
    • doi:10.2475/ajs.299.10.805
    • Ekart, D. D., Cerling, T. E., Montanez, I. P. & Tabor, N. J. 1999 A 400 million year carbon isotope record of pedogenic carbonate: Implications for paleoatmospheric carbon dioxide. Am. J. Sci. 299, 805-827. (doi:10.2475/ajs.299. 10.805)
    • (1999) Am. J. Sci. , vol.299 , pp. 805-827
    • Ekart, D.D.1    Cerling, T.E.2    Montanez, I.P.3    Tabor, N.J.4
  • 34
    • 33748587298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaporites and the salinity of the ocean during the Phanerozoic: Implications for climate, ocean circulation and life
    • DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.044, PII S0031018206002483
    • Hay, W. W. Migdisov, A., Balukhovsky, A. N., Wold, C. N. Flögel, S. & Söding, E. 2006 Evaporites and the salinity of the ocean during the Phanerozoic: Implications for climate, ocean circulation and life. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240, 3-46. (doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.044) (Pubitemid 44380262)
    • (2006) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.240 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 3-46
    • Hay, W.W.1    Migdisov, A.2    Balukhovsky, A.N.3    Wold, C.N.4    Flogel, S.5    Soding, E.6
  • 37
    • 77952977057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Palaeogene perspective on climate sensitivity and methane hydrate instability
    • doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0053
    • Dunkley Jones, T., Ridgwell, A., Lunt, D. J., Maslin, M. A., Schmidt, D. N. & Valdes, P. J. 2010 A Palaeogene perspective on climate sensitivity and methane hydrate instability. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 368, 2395-2415. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0053)
    • (2010) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A , vol.368 , pp. 2395-2415
    • Dunkley Jones, T.1    Ridgwell, A.2    Lunt, D.J.3    Maslin, M.A.4    Schmidt, D.N.5    Valdes, P.J.6
  • 38
    • 0026276974 scopus 로고
    • Abrupt deep-sea warming, palaeoceanographic changes and benthic extinctions at the end of the Palaeocene
    • Kennett, J. P. & Stott, L. D. 1991 Abrupt deep-sea warming, palaeoceanographic changes and benthic extinctions at the end of the Paleocene. Nature 353, 225-229. (doi:10.1038/353225a0) (Pubitemid 21896755)
    • (1991) Nature , vol.353 , Issue.6341 , pp. 225-229
    • Kennett, J.P.1    Stott, L.D.2
  • 39
    • 33747066399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic hydrology during global warming at the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum
    • DOI 10.1038/nature05043, PII NATURE05043
    • Pagani, M., Pedentchouk, N., Huber, M., Sluijs, A., Schouten, S., Brinkhuis, H., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., Dickens, G. R. & Scientists, E. 2006 Arctic hydrology during global warming at the Palaeocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum. Nature 442, 671-675. (doi:10.1038/nature05043) (Pubitemid 44215319)
    • (2006) Nature , vol.442 , Issue.7103 , pp. 671-675
    • Pagani, M.1    Pedentchouk, N.2    Huber, M.3    Sluijs, A.4    Schouten, S.5    Brinkhuis, H.6    Sinninghe Damste, J.S.7    Dickens, G.R.8
  • 40
    • 37549015657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental precursors to rapid light carbon injection at the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary
    • doi:10.1038/nature06400
    • Sluijs, A. et al. 2007 Environmental precursors to rapid light carbon injection at the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary. Nature 450, 1218-1221. (doi:10.1038/nature06400)
    • (2007) Nature , vol.450 , pp. 1218-1221
    • Sluijs, A.1
  • 41
    • 9644254371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A humid climate state during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum
    • DOI 10.1038/nature03115
    • Bowen, G. J., Beerling, D. J., Koch, P. L., Zachos, J. C. & Quattlebaum, T. 2004 A humid climate state during the Palaeocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum. Nature 432, 495-499. (doi:10.1038/nature03115) (Pubitemid 39576528)
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , Issue.7016 , pp. 495-499
    • Bowen, G.J.1    Beerling, D.J.2    Koch, P.L.3    Zachos, J.C.4    Quattlebaum, T.5
  • 42
    • 0345690130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Transient Rise in Tropical Sea Surface Temperature during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1090110
    • Zachos, J. C., Wara, M. W., Bohaty, S., Delaney, M. L., Petrizzo, M. R., Brill, A., Bralower, T. J. & Premoli-Silva, I. 2003 A transient rise in tropical sea surface temperature during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Science 302, 1551-1554. (doi:10.1126/science.1090110) (Pubitemid 37475695)
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , Issue.5650 , pp. 1551-1554
    • Zachos, J.C.1    Wara, M.W.2    Bohaty, S.3    Delaney, M.L.4    Petrizzo, M.R.5    Brill, A.6    Bralower, T.J.7    Premoli-Silva, I.8
  • 44
    • 39749163400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting transient carbonate compensation depth changes by marine sediment core modeling
    • DOI 10.1029/2006PA001372
    • Ridgwell, A. 2007 Interpreting transient carbonate compensation depth changes by marine sediment core modeling. Paleoceanography 22, PA4102. (doi:10.1029/2006PA001372) (Pubitemid 351298249)
    • (2007) Paleoceanography , vol.22 , Issue.4
    • Ridgwell, A.1
  • 45
    • 0038604801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case for a comet impact trigger for the Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum and carbon isotope excursion
    • DOI 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00188-2
    • Kent, D. V., Cramer, B. S., Lanci, L., Wang, D., Wright, J. D. & Van der Voo, R. 2003 A case for a comet impact trigger for the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum and carbon isotope excursion. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 211, 13-26. (doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00188-2) (Pubitemid 36755697)
    • (2003) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.211 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 13-26
    • Kent, D.V.1    Cramer, B.S.2    Lanci, L.3    Wang, D.4    Wright, J.D.5    Van der Voo, R.6
  • 46
    • 0027866323 scopus 로고
    • Environmental impact of volcanic margin formation
    • Eldholm, O. & Thomas, E. 1993 Environmental impact of volcanic margin formation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 117, 319-329. (doi:10.1016/0012-821X(93) 90087-P) (Pubitemid 24429685)
    • (1993) Earth & Planetary Science Letters , vol.117 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 319-329
    • Eldholm, O.1    Thomas, E.2
  • 47
    • 20144385610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedimentary trace element constraints on the role of North Atlantic Igneous Province volcanism in late Paleocene-early Eocene environmental change
    • DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.02.009, PII S0025322705000514, Ocean Chemistry over the Phanerozoic and its Links to Geological Precesses
    • Thomas, D. J. & Bralower, T. J. 2005 Sedimentary trace element constraints on the role of North Atlantic Igneous Province volcanism in late Paleocene-early Eocene environmental change. Mar. Geol. 217, 233-254. (doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2005.02.009) (Pubitemid 40772211)
    • (2005) Marine Geology , vol.217 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 233-254
    • Thomas, D.J.1    Bralower, T.J.2
  • 48
    • 1642359260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Cenozoic decoupling of the global carbon and sulfur cycles
    • doi:10.1029/2003PA000908
    • Kurtz, A. C., Kump, L. R., Arthur, M. A., Zachos, J. C. & Paytan, A. 2003 Early Cenozoic decoupling of the global carbon and sulfur cycles. Paleoceanography 18, 1090. (doi:10.1029/2003PA000908)
    • (2003) Paleoceanography , vol.18 , pp. 1090
    • Kurtz, A.C.1    Kump, L.R.2    Arthur, M.A.3    Zachos, J.C.4    Paytan, A.5
  • 49
    • 33646510293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond methane: Towards a theory for the paleocene- eocene thermal maximum
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl. 2006.03.009
    • Higgins, J. A. & Schrag, D. P. 2006 Beyond methane: Towards a theory for the Paleocene- Eocene Thermal Maximum. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 245, 523-537. (doi:10.1016/j.epsl. 2006.03.009)
    • (2006) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.245 , pp. 523-537
    • Higgins, J.A.1    Schrag, D.P.2
  • 50
    • 2942567617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release of methane from a volcanic basin as a mechanism for initial Eocene global warming
    • DOI 10.1038/nature02566
    • Svensen, H., Planke, S., Malthe-Sørenssen, A., Jamtveit, B., Myklebust, R., Rasmussen Eidem, T. & Rey, S. S. 2004 Release of methane from a volcanic basin as a mechanism for initial Eocene global warming. Nature 429, 542-545. (doi:10.1038/nature02566) (Pubitemid 38737654)
    • (2004) Nature , vol.429 , Issue.6991 , pp. 542-545
    • Svenson, H.1    Planke, S.2    Maithe-Sorensen, A.3    Jamtveit, B.4    Myklebust, R.5    Eidem, T.R.6    Rey, S.S.7
  • 51
    • 0029529085 scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate as a cause of the carbon isotope excursion at the end of the Paleocene
    • DOI 10.1029/95PA02087
    • Dickens, G. R., O'Neil, D., Rea, D. K. & Owen, R. M. 1995 Dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate as a cause of the carbon isotope excursion at the end of the Paleocene. Paleoceanography 10, 965-971. (doi:10.1029/95PA02087) (Pubitemid 26462021)
    • (1995) Paleoceanography , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 965-971
    • Dickens, G.R.1    O'Neil, J.R.2    Rea, D.K.3    Owen, R.M.4
  • 52
    • 0042267245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing the deglacial global carbon budget: The hydrate factor
    • DOI 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00135-5
    • Maslin, M. A. & Thomas, E. 2003 Balancing the deglacial global carbon budget: The hydrate factor. Quat. Sci. Rev. 22, 1729-1736. (doi:10.1016/S0277- 3791(03)00135-5) (Pubitemid 36914576)
    • (2003) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.22 , Issue.15-17 , pp. 1729-1736
    • Maslin, M.A.1    Thomas, E.2
  • 53
    • 34548250059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 by deep-sea sediments in an Earth system model
    • DOI 10.1029/2006GB002764
    • 2 by deep-sea sediments in an Earth System model. Glob. Biogeochem. Cyc. 21, GB2008. (doi:10.1029/2006GB002764) (Pubitemid 47323957)
    • (2007) Global Biogeochemical Cycles , vol.21 , Issue.2
    • Ridgwell, A.1    Hargreaves, J.C.2
  • 54
    • 68749105912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide forcing alone insufficient to explain Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum warming
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo578
    • Zeebe, R. E., Zachos, J. C. & Dickens, G. R. 2009 Carbon dioxide forcing alone insufficient to explain Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum warming. Nat. Geosci. 2, 576-580. (doi:10.1038/ngeo578)
    • (2009) Nat. Geosci. , vol.2 , pp. 576-580
    • Zeebe, R.E.1    Zachos, J.C.2    Dickens, G.R.3
  • 55
    • 44449148728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedimentary response to Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum carbon release: A model-data comparison
    • DOI 10.1130/G24474A.1
    • Panchuk, K., Ridgwell, A. & Kump, L. R. 2008 Sedimentary response to Paleocene- Eocene Thermal Maximum carbon release: A model-data comparison. Geology 36, 315-318. (doi:10.1130/G24474A.1) (Pubitemid 351753228)
    • (2008) Geology , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 315-318
    • Panchuk, K.1    Ridgwell, A.2    Kump, L.R.3
  • 56
    • 36749098956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversed deep-sea carbonate ion basin gradient during Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
    • doi:10.1029/ 2006PA001395
    • Zeebe, R. E. & Zachos, J. C. 2007 Reversed deep-sea carbonate ion basin gradient during Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Paleoceanography 22, PA3201. (doi:10.1029/ 2006PA001395)
    • (2007) Paleoceanography , vol.22
    • Zeebe, R.E.1    Zachos, J.C.2
  • 57
    • 20144371728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Mid Mesozoic Revolution in the regulation of ocean chemistry
    • DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.036, PII S0025322705000575, Ocean Chemistry over the Phanerozoic and its Links to Geological Precesses
    • Ridgwell, A. 2005 Changes in the mode of carbonate deposition: Implications for Phanerozoic ocean chemistry. Mar. Geol. 217, 339-357. (doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.036) (Pubitemid 40772217)
    • (2005) Marine Geology , vol.217 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 339-357
    • Ridgwell, A.1
  • 58
    • 0141509067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH
    • DOI 10.1038/425365a
    • Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. 2003 Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature 425, 365. (doi:10.1038/425365a) (Pubitemid 37187256)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , Issue.6956 , pp. 365
    • Caldeira, K.1    Wickett, M.E.2
  • 59
    • 0035957736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1059412
    • Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E. & Billups, K. 2001 Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 292, 686-693. (doi:10.1126/science. 1059412) (Pubitemid 32385533)
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , Issue.5517 , pp. 686-693
    • Zachos, J.1    Pagani, H.2    Sloan, L.3    Thomas, E.4    Billups, K.5
  • 60
    • 38349105013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics
    • doi:10.1038/nature06588
    • Zachos, J. C., Dickens, G. R. & Zeebe, R. E. 2008 An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics. Nature 451, 279-283. (doi:10.1038/nature06588)
    • (2008) Nature , vol.451 , pp. 279-283
    • Zachos, J.C.1    Dickens, G.R.2    Zeebe, R.E.3
  • 61
    • 0028193759 scopus 로고
    • Tertiary climatic changes at middle latitudes of western North America
    • Wolfe, J. A. 1994 Tertiary climatic changes at middle latitudes of western North America. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 108, 195-205. (doi:10.1016/0031-0182(94)90233-X) (Pubitemid 24427654)
    • (1994) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.108 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 195-205
    • Wolfe, J.A.1
  • 62
    • 33745312808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Miocene climate in the circum-Alpine realm-a quantitative analysis of terrestrial palaeofloras
    • DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.028, PII S0031018206001969
    • Bruch, A. A., Utescher, T., Mosbrugger, V., Gabrielyan, I. & Ivanov, D. A. 2006 Late Miocene climate in the circum-Alpine realm-a quantitative analysis of terrestrial palaeofloras. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 238, 270-280. (doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.028) (Pubitemid 44175433)
    • (2006) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.238 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 270-280
    • Bruch, A.A.1    Utescher, T.2    Mosbrugger, V.3    Gabrielyan, I.4    Ivanov, D.A.5
  • 63
    • 34548029693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Late Miocene climate model simulation with ECHAM4/ML and its quantitative validation with terrestrial proxy data
    • doi:10.1016/ j.palaeo.2007.03.042
    • Micheels, A., Bruch, A. A., Uhl, D., Utescher, T. & Mosbrugger, V. 2007 A Late Miocene climate model simulation with ECHAM4/ML and its quantitative validation with terrestrial proxy data. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 253, 251-270. (doi:10.1016/ j.palaeo.2007.03.042)
    • (2007) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. , vol.253 , pp. 251-270
    • Micheels, A.1    Bruch, A.A.2    Uhl, D.3    Utescher, T.4    Mosbrugger, V.5
  • 64
    • 38549167996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic significance of climate proxies for data-model comparisons
    • Deep-Time Perspectives on Climate Change: Marrying the Signal from Computer Models and Biological Proxies
    • Markwick, P. J. 2007 The Paleogeographic and Paleoclimatic significance of climate proxies for data-model comparisons. In Deep-time perspectives on climate change: Marrying the signal from computer models and biological proxies (eds M. Williams, A. M. Haywood, F. J. Gregory & D. N. Schmidt), pp. 251-312. London, UK: The Micropaleontological Society Special Publication, The Geological Society. (Pubitemid 351144568)
    • (2007) Geological Society Special Publication , pp. 251-312
    • Markwick, P.J.1
  • 65
    • 79551542126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing and processes of Himalayan and Tibetan uplift
    • Harrison, T. M. & Yin, A. 2004 Timing and processes of Himalayan and Tibetan uplift. Himalayan J. Sci. 2, 152-153.
    • (2004) Himalayan J. Sci. , vol.2 , pp. 152-153
    • Harrison, T.M.1    Yin, A.2
  • 66
    • 54949149175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Miocene tectonics and climate forcing of biodiversity, western United States
    • doi:10.1130/G24928A.1
    • Kohn, M. J. & Fremd, T. J. 2008 Miocene tectonics and climate forcing of biodiversity, western United States. Geology 36, 783-786. (doi:10.1130/G24928A.1)
    • (2008) Geology , vol.36 , pp. 783-786
    • Kohn, M.J.1    Fremd, T.J.2
  • 67
    • 0024874651 scopus 로고
    • Development of Asian monsoon revealed by marked ecological shift during the latest Miocene in northern Pakistan
    • DOI 10.1038/342163a0
    • Quade, J., Cerling T. E. & Bowman, J. R. 1989 Development of Asian monsoon revealed by marked ecological shift during the latest Miocene in northern Pakistan. Nature 342, 163-166. (doi:10.1038/342163a0) (Pubitemid 20409861)
    • (1989) Nature , vol.342 , Issue.6246 , pp. 163-166
    • Quade, J.1    Cerling, T.E.2    Bowman, J.R.3
  • 69
    • 0037421912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constant elevation of southern Tibet over the past 15 million years
    • DOI 10.1038/nature01356
    • Spicer, R. A., Harris, N. B. W., Widdowson, M., Herman, A. B., Guo, S., Valdes, P. J., Wolfe, J. A. & Kelley, S. P. 2003 Constant elevation of southern Tibet over the past 15 million years. Nature 412, 622-624. (doi:10.1038/nature01356) (Pubitemid 36227667)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , Issue.6923 , pp. 622-624
    • Spicer, R.A.1    Harris, N.B.W.2    Widdowson, M.3    Herman, A.B.4    Guo, S.5    Valdes, P.J.6    Wolfe, J.A.7    Kelley, S.P.8
  • 70
    • 69649097845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New evidence on the age of the Taklimakan Desert
    • doi:10.1130/G25338A.1
    • Sun, J., Zhang, Z. & Zhang, L. 2009 New evidence on the age of the Taklimakan Desert. Geology 37, 159-162. (doi:10.1130/G25338A.1)
    • (2009) Geology , vol.37 , pp. 159-162
    • Sun, J.1    Zhang, Z.2    Zhang, L.3
  • 71
    • 84879890201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uplift history of the Central and Northern Andes: A review
    • Gregory-Wodzicki, K. M. 2000 Uplift history of the central and northern Andes: A review. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 112, 1091-1105. (doi:10.1130/0016- 7606(2000)112 2.0.CO;2) (Pubitemid 32832321)
    • (2000) Bulletin of the Geological Society of America , vol.112 , Issue.7 , pp. 1091-1105
    • Gregory-Wodzicki, K.M.1
  • 72
    • 4744347640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Laramide orogeny: What were the driving forces?
    • English, J. M. & Johnston, S. T. 2004 The laramide orogeny: What were the driving forces? Int. Geol. Rev. 46, 833-838. (doi:10.2747/0020-6814.46.9. 833) (Pubitemid 39308320)
    • (2004) International Geology Review , vol.46 , Issue.9 , pp. 833-838
    • English, J.M.1    Johnston, S.T.2
  • 73
    • 0030458759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uplift of the Colorado Plateau due to lithosphere attenuation during Laramide low angle subduction
    • doi:10.1029/96JB00818
    • Spencer, J. E. 1996 Uplift of the Colorado Plateau due to lithosphere attenuation during Laramide low angle subduction. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 101, 13 595-13 609. (doi:10.1029/96JB00818)
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth , vol.101 , pp. 13595-13609
    • Spencer, J.E.1
  • 74
    • 49849105646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unroofing, incision, and uplift history of the southwestern Colorado Plateau from apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry
    • doi:10.1130/B26231.1
    • Flowers, R. M., Wernicke, B. P. & Farley, K. A. 2008 Unroofing, incision, and uplift history of the southwestern Colorado Plateau from apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 120, 571-587. (doi:10.1130/B26231.1)
    • (2008) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. , vol.120 , pp. 571-587
    • Flowers, R.M.1    Wernicke, B.P.2    Farley, K.A.3
  • 76
    • 49549105124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation, climate and palaeoaltitude reconstructions of the eastern Alps during the Miocene based on pollen records from Austria, central Europe
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01911.x
    • Jiménez-Moreno, G., Fauquette, S. & Suc, J.-P. 2008 Vegetation, climate and palaeoaltitude reconstructions of the eastern Alps during the Miocene based on pollen records from Austria, central Europe. J. Biogeogr. 35, 1638-1649. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01911.x)
    • (2008) J. Biogeogr. , vol.35 , pp. 1638-1649
    • Jiménez-Moreno, G.1    Fauquette, S.2    Suc, J.-P.3
  • 77
    • 0034680095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years
    • doi:10.1038/35021000
    • Pearson, P. N. & Palmer, M. R. 2000 Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature 406, 695-699. (doi:10.1038/35021000)
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 695-699
    • Pearson, P.N.1    Palmer, M.R.2
  • 79
    • 0035607819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 over Phanerozoic time
    • doi:10.2475/ajs.301.2.182
    • 2 over Phanerozoic time. Am. J. Sci. 301, 182-204. (doi:10.2475/ajs.301.2.182)
    • (2001) Am. J. Sci. , vol.301 , pp. 182-204
    • Berner, R.A.1    Kothavala, Z.2
  • 80
    • 4544264998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle Miocene Southern Ocean cooling and antarctic cryosphere expansion
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1100061
    • Shevenell, A. E., Kennett, J. P. & Lea, D. W. 2004 Middle Miocene southern ocean cooling and Antarctic cryosphere expansion. Science 305, 1766-1770. (doi:10.1126/science.1100061) (Pubitemid 39249642)
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , Issue.5691 , pp. 1766-1770
    • Shevenell, A.E.1    Kennett, J.P.2    Lea, D.W.3
  • 82
    • 63349089935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of Mid-Pliocene climate predictions produced by the HADAM3 and GCMAM3 general circulation models
    • doi:10.1016/ j.gloplacha.2008.12.014
    • Haywood, A. M., Chandler, M. A., Valdes, P. J., Salzmann, U., Lunt, D. J. & Dowsett, H. J. 2009 Comparison of Mid-Pliocene climate predictions produced by the HADAM3 and GCMAM3 general circulation models. Glob. Planet. Change 66, 208-224. (doi:10.1016/ j.gloplacha.2008.12.014)
    • (2009) Glob. Planet. Change , vol.66 , pp. 208-224
    • Haywood, A.M.1    Chandler, M.A.2    Valdes, P.J.3    Salzmann, U.4    Lunt, D.J.5    Dowsett, H.J.6
  • 83
    • 84872860936 scopus 로고
    • High eustatic sea level during the Middle Pliocene: Evidence from the southeastern U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain
    • doi:10.1130/ 0091-7613(1990)0180435:HESLDT2.3.CO;2
    • Dowsett, H. J. & Cronin, T. M. 1990 High eustatic sea level during the Middle Pliocene: Evidence from the southeastern U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain. Geology 18, 435-438. (doi:10.1130/ 0091-7613(1990)0182.3.CO;2)
    • (1990) Geology , vol.18 , pp. 435-438
    • Dowsett, H.J.1    Cronin, T.M.2
  • 84
    • 62649146401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obliquity-paced Pliocene West Antarctic ice sheet oscillations
    • doi:10.1038/nature07867
    • Naish, T. et al. 2009 Obliquity-paced Pliocene West Antarctic ice sheet oscillations. Nature 458, 322-328. (doi:10.1038/nature07867)
    • (2009) Nature , vol.458 , pp. 322-328
    • Naish, T.1
  • 86
    • 62649151851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling West Antarctic ice sheet growth and collapse through the past five million years
    • doi:10.1038/nature07809
    • Pollard, D. & DeConto, R. M. 2009 Modelling West Antarctic ice sheet growth and collapse through the past five million years. Nature 458, 329-332. (doi:10.1038/nature07809)
    • (2009) Nature , vol.458 , pp. 329-332
    • Pollard, D.1    DeConto, R.M.2
  • 87
    • 38549123958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing ice sheets during the Pliocene: Evidence from data and models
    • Deep-Time Perspectives on Climate Change: Marrying the Signal from Computer Models and Biological Proxies
    • Hill, D. J., Haywood, A. M., Hindmarsh, R. C. A. & Valdes, P. J. 2007 Characterising ice sheets during the Mid Pliocene: Evidence from data and models. In Deep-time perspectives on climate change: Marrying the signal from computer models and biological proxies (eds M. Williams, A. M. Haywood, J. Gregory & D. Schmidt), pp. 517-538. London, UK: The Micropalaeontological Society Special Publication, The Geological Society. (Pubitemid 351144571)
    • (2007) Geological Society Special Publication , pp. 517-538
    • Hill, D.J.1    Haywood, A.M.2    Hindmarsh, R.C.A.3    Valdes, P.J.4
  • 88
    • 42049118764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new global biome reconstruction and data-model comparison for the Middle Pliocene
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2008.00381.x
    • Salzmann, U., Haywood, A. M., Lunt, D. J., Valdes, P. J. & Hill, D. J. 2008 A new global biome reconstruction and data-model comparison for the Middle Pliocene. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 17, 432-447. (doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238. 2008.00381.x) (Pubitemid 351517444)
    • (2008) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 432-447
    • Salzmann, U.1    Haywood, A.M.2    Lunt, D.J.3    Valdes, P.J.4    Hill, D.J.5
  • 89
    • 0027492695 scopus 로고
    • Microfaunal evidence for elevated Pliocene temperatures in the Arctic Ocean
    • Cronin, T. M., Whatley, R. C.,Wood, A., Tsukagoshi, A., Ikeya, N., Brouwers, E. M. & Briggs, W. M. 1993 Microfaunal evidence for elevated Mid-Pliocene temperatures in the Arctic Ocean. Paleoceanography 8, 161-173. (doi:10.1029/93PA00060) (Pubitemid 23392956)
    • (1993) Paleoceanography , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-173
    • Cronin, T.M.1
  • 90
    • 77949768577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New quantitative evidence of extreme warmth in the Pliocene Arctic
    • Robinson, M. M. 2009 New quantitative evidence of extreme warmth in the Pliocene Arctic. Stratigraphy 6, 265-275.
    • (2009) Stratigraphy , vol.6 , pp. 265-275
    • Robinson, M.M.1
  • 92
    • 77954815369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of sea-ice in the Arctic
    • doi:10.1016/ j.quascirev.2010.02.010
    • Polyak, L. et al. 2010 History of sea-ice in the Arctic. Q. Sci. Rev. 29, 1757-1778. (doi:10.1016/ j.quascirev.2010.02.010)
    • (2010) Q. Sci. Rev. , vol.29 , pp. 1757-1778
    • Polyak, L.1
  • 93
    • 20844442767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 18O records
    • DOI 10.1029/2004PA001071, PA1003
    • Lisiecki, L. E. & Raymo, M. E. 2005 A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic d18O records. Paleoceanography 20, PA1003. (doi:10.1029/2004PA001071) (Pubitemid 40865277)
    • (2005) Paleoceanography , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-17
    • Lisiecki, L.E.1    Raymo, M.E.2
  • 94
    • 78149425218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP): Experimental design and boundary conditions (experiment 1)
    • doi:10.5194/ gmd-3-227-2010
    • Haywood, A. M. et al. 2010 Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP): Experimental design and boundary conditions (experiment 1). Geosci. Model Dev. 3, 227-242. (doi:10.5194/ gmd-3-227-2010)
    • (2010) Geosci. Model Dev. , vol.3 , pp. 227-242
    • Haywood, A.M.1
  • 96
    • 42449091474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeoclimate
    • Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Jansen, E. et al. 2007 Palaeoclimate. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
    • Jansen, E.1
  • 97
    • 0033916311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global scale palaeoclimate reconstruction of the middle Pliocene climate using the UKMO GCM: Initial results
    • DOI 10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00028-X, PII S092181810000028X
    • Haywood, A. M., Valdes, P. J. & Sellwood, B. W. 2000 Global scale palaeoclimate reconstruction of the Middle Pliocene climate using the UKMO GCM: Initial results. Glob. Planet. Change 25, 239-256. (doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(00) 00028-X) (Pubitemid 30491615)
    • (2000) Global and Planetary Change , vol.25 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 239-256
    • Haywood, A.M.1    Valdes, P.J.2    Sellwood, B.W.3
  • 98
    • 0027084156 scopus 로고
    • Micropaleontological evidence for increased meridional heat transport in the North Atlantic Ocean during the Pliocene
    • Dowsett, H. J., Cronin, T. M., Poore, P. Z., Thompson, R. S., Whatley, R. C. & Wood, A. M. 1992 Micropaleontological evidence for increased meridional heat-transport in the North Atlantic Ocean during the Pliocene. Science 258, 1133-1135. (doi:10.1126/science.258. 5085.1133) (Pubitemid 23387399)
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , Issue.5085 , pp. 1133-1135
    • Dowsett, H.J.1    Cronin, T.M.2    Poore, R.Z.3    Thompson, R.S.4    Whatley, R.C.5    Wood, A.M.6
  • 99
    • 1142293183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling Pliocene warmth: Contribution of atmosphere, oceans and cryosphere
    • DOI 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00685-X
    • Haywood, A. M. & Valdes, P. J. 2004 Modelling Middle Pliocene warmth: Contribution of atmosphere, oceans and cryosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 218, 363-377. (doi:10.1016/S0012- 821X(03)00685-X) (Pubitemid 38204460)
    • (2004) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.218 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 363-377
    • Haywood, A.M.1    Valdes, P.J.2
  • 100
    • 84879889655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional warming: Pliocene (3 Ma) paleoclimate of Europe and the Mediterranean
    • Haywood, A. M., Sellwood, B. W. & Valdes, P. J. 2000 Regional warming: Pliocene (3 Ma) paleoclimate of Europe and the Mediterranean. Geology 28, 1063-1066. (doi:10.1130/0091- 7613(2000)282.0.CO;2) (Pubitemid 32876377)
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , Issue.12 , pp. 1063-1066
    • Haywood, A.M.1    Sellwood, B.W.2    Valdes, P.J.3
  • 101
    • 57249111574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Niño- Southern Oscillation, Pliocene climate and equifinality
    • doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0212
    • Bonham, S. G., Haywood, A. M., Lunt, D. J., Collins, M. & Salzmann, U. 2009 El Niño- Southern Oscillation, Pliocene climate and equifinality. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 367, 127-156. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0212)
    • (2009) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A , vol.367 , pp. 127-156
    • Bonham, S.G.1    Haywood, A.M.2    Lunt, D.J.3    Collins, M.4    Salzmann, U.5
  • 102
    • 0029729061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle Pliocene sea surface temperatures: A global reconstruction
    • doi:10.1016/0377-8398(95)00050-X
    • Dowsett, H., Barron, J. & Poore, R. 1996 Middle Pliocene sea surface temperatures: A global reconstruction. Mar. Micropaleontol. 27, 13-26. (doi:10.1016/0377-8398(95)00050-X)
    • (1996) Mar. Micropaleontol. , vol.27 , pp. 13-26
    • Dowsett, H.1    Barron, J.2    Poore, R.3
  • 104
    • 0029749666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle Pliocene vegetation: Reconstructions, paleoclimatic inferences, and boundary conditions for climatic modelling
    • doi:10.1016/0377-8398(95)00051-8
    • Thompson, R. S. & Fleming, R. F. 1996 Middle Pliocene vegetation: Reconstructions, paleoclimatic inferences, and boundary conditions for climatic modelling. Mar. Micropaleontol. 27, 27-49. (doi:10.1016/0377-8398(95)00051-8)
    • (1996) Mar. Micropaleontol. , vol.27 , pp. 27-49
    • Thompson, R.S.1    Fleming, R.F.2
  • 106
    • 36248961115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closure of the Panama Seaway during the Pliocene: Implications for climate and Northern Hemisphere glaciation
    • DOI 10.1007/s00382-007-0265-6
    • Lunt D. J., Valdes, P. J., Haywood, A. M. & Rutt, I. C. 2008 Closure of the Panama Seaway during the Pliocene: Implications for climate and Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Clim. Dyn. 30, 1-18. (doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0265-6) (Pubitemid 350131391)
    • (2008) Climate Dynamics , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-18
    • Lunt, D.J.1    Valdes, P.J.2    Haywood, A.3    Rutt, I.C.4
  • 107
    • 33745028187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating the impact of the Panamanian seaway closure on ocean circulation, marine productivity and nutrient cycling
    • DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.04.028, PII S0012821X0600330X
    • Schneider, B. & Schmittner, A. 2006 Simulating the impact of the Panamanian seaway closure on ocean circulation, marine productivity and nutrient cycling. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 246, 367-380. (doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.04. 028) (Pubitemid 43869436)
    • (2006) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.246 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 367-380
    • Schneider, B.1    Schmittner, A.2
  • 109
    • 0021571496 scopus 로고
    • Climate sensitivity: Analysis of feedback mechanisms
    • (eds J. E. Hansen & T. Takahashi), American Geophysical Union Monograph 29, Maurice Ewing, Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union
    • Hansen, J., Lacis, D., Rind, D., Russell, G., Stone, P., Fung, I., Ruedy, R. & Lerner, J.1984 Climate sensitivity: Analysis of feedback mechanisms. In Climate processes and climate sensitivity (eds J. E. Hansen & T. Takahashi), American Geophysical Union Monograph 29, Maurice Ewing vol. 5, pp. 130-163. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.
    • (1984) Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity , vol.5 , pp. 130-163
    • Hansen, J.1    Lacis, D.2    Rind, D.3    Russell, G.4    Stone, P.5    Fung, I.6    Ruedy, R.7    Lerner, J.8
  • 111
    • 0034754594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective estimation of the probability distribution for climate sensitivity
    • doi:10.1029/2000JD000259
    • Andronova, N. & Schlesinger, M. E. 2001 Objective estimation of the probability distribution for climate sensitivity. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 22 605-22 612. (doi:10.1029/2000JD000259)
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 22605-22612
    • Andronova, N.1    Schlesinger, M.E.2
  • 113
    • 33646453382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using multiple observationally-based constraints to estimate climate sensitivity
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL025259
    • Annan, J. D. & Hargreaves, J. C. 2006 Using multiple observationally-based constraints to estimate climate sensitivity. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L06704. (doi:10.1029/2005GL025259)
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Annan, J.D.1    Hargreaves, J.C.2
  • 114
    • 60649110991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The equilibrium sensitivity of the Earth's temperature to radiation changes
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo337
    • Knutti, R. & Hegerl, G. C. 2008 The equilibrium sensitivity of the Earth's temperature to radiation changes. Nature Geosci. 1, 735-743. (doi:10.1038/ngeo337)
    • (2008) Nature Geosci. , vol.1 , pp. 735-743
    • Knutti, R.1    Hegerl, G.C.2
  • 116
    • 65949121835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2°C
    • doi:10.1038/nature08017
    • Meinshausen, M. et al. 2009 Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2°C. Nature 458, 1158-1162. (doi:10.1038/nature08017)
    • (2009) Nature , vol.458 , pp. 1158-1162
    • Meinshausen, M.1
  • 117
    • 0034626765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model
    • doi:10.1038/35041539
    • Cox, P. et al. 2000 Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model. Nature 408, 184-187. (doi:10.1038/ 35041539)
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 184-187
    • Cox, P.1
  • 118
    • 0030291333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible role of atmosphere-biosphere interactions in triggering the last glaciation
    • doi:10.1029/96GL03004
    • de Noblet, N. I., Prentice, I. C., Joussaume, S., Texier, D., Botta, A. & Haxeltine, A. 1996 Possible role of atmosphere-biosphere interactions in triggering the last glaciation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 3191-3194. (doi:10.1029/96GL03004)
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 3191-3194
    • De Noblet, N.I.1    Prentice, I.C.2    Joussaume, S.3    Texier, D.4    Botta, A.5    Haxeltine, A.6
  • 119
    • 1242294089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global glacial isostasy and the surface of the ice-age earth: The ICE-5G (VM2) model and GRACE
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.earth.32.082503.144359
    • Peltier, W. R. 2004 Global glacial isostasy and the surface of the ice-age Earth: The ICE- 5G (VM2) model and GRACE. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 32, 111-149. (doi:10.1146/ annurev.earth.32.082503.144359) (Pubitemid 38836368)
    • (2004) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol.32 , pp. 111-149
    • Peltier, W.R.1
  • 120
    • 60149102096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2: Where should humanity aim?
    • doi:10.2174/1874282300802010217
    • 2: Where should humanity aim? Open Atmos. Sci. J. 2, 217-231. (doi:10.2174/1874282300802010217)
    • (2008) Open Atmos. Sci. J. , vol.2 , pp. 217-231
    • Hansen, J.1
  • 123
    • 79952331618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plio-QUMP: Quantifying uncertainty in model predictions for the pliocene
    • Fall Meet. Suppl
    • Pope, J. O., Collins, M., Haywood, A. M., Dowsett, H. J., Hill, D. J. & Lunt, D. J. 2010 Plio-QUMP: Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions for the Pliocene. Eos Trans. AGU, 90(52), Fall Meet. Suppl.
    • (2010) Eos Trans. AGU , vol.90 , pp. 52
    • Pope, J.O.1    Collins, M.2    Haywood, A.M.3    Dowsett, H.J.4    Hill, D.J.5    Lunt, D.J.6
  • 124
    • 42349101694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO at 6 ka and 21 ka from ocean-atmosphere coupled model simulations
    • doi:10.1007/ s00382-007-0320-3
    • Zheng, W., Braconnot, P., Guilyardi, E., Merkel, U. & Yu, Y. 2008 ENSO at 6 ka and 21 ka from ocean-atmosphere coupled model simulations. Clim. Dyn. 30, 745-762. (doi:10.1007/ s00382-007-0320-3)
    • (2008) Clim. Dyn. , vol.30 , pp. 745-762
    • Zheng, W.1    Braconnot, P.2    Guilyardi, E.3    Merkel, U.4    Yu, Y.5
  • 125
    • 37049016660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the past to constrain the future: How the palaeorecord can improve estimates of global warming
    • DOI 10.1177/0309133307083295
    • Edwards, T. L. Crucifix, M. & Harrison, S. P. 2007 Using the past to constrain the future: How the palaeorecord can improve estimates of global warming. Progr. Phys. Geogr. 31, 481-500. (doi:10.1177/0309133307083295) (Pubitemid 350246072)
    • (2007) Progress in Physical Geography , vol.31 , Issue.5 , pp. 481-500
    • Edwards, T.L.1    Crucifix, M.2    Harrison, S.P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.