Review article: Extra-oesophageal reflux disease in children

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 33, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2011, Pages 58-65

  Shields, M D ^a   Bateman, N ^b   McCallion, W A ^a   Van Wijk, M P ^c   Wenzl, T G ^d  

^a QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL HALLAMSHIRE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c EMMA CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

^d UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL RWTH AACHEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BARIUM; BOTULINUM TOXIN A; PEPSIN A; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR;

ASTHMA; CHILD; COUGHING; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; EAR NOSE THROAT DISEASE; ESOPHAGEAL PH MONITORING; ESOPHAGUS FUNCTION; EXTRAESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; GASTROJEJUNOSTOMY; HUMAN; LARYNGOMALACIA; LUNG LAVAGE; NEWBORN APNEA; OTITIS MEDIA; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PNEUMONIA; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULMONARY ASPIRATION; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SINUSITIS; STOMACH FUNDOPLICATION; STOMACH SCINTISCANNING;

EID: 79952303617     PISSN: 02692813     EISSN: 13652036     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.4581.x     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Sherman PM, Hassall E, Fagundes-Neto U, et al. A global, evidence-based consensus on the definition of gastrooesophageal reflux disease in the pediatric population. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104: 1278-95.
2. El-Serag HB, Gilger M, Kuebeler M, Rabeneck L. Extraoesophageal associations of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children without neurological defects. Gastroenterology 2001; 121: 1294-9. (Pubitemid 33140446)
3. Mansfiels LE, Stein MR. Gastro-oesophageal reflux and asthma: a possible reflex mechanism. Ann Allergy 1978; 41: 224-6. (Pubitemid 9060622)
4. Tolia V, Vandenplas Y. Systematic review: the extra-oesophageal symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children. Aliment Pharm Ther 2009; 29: 258-72.
5. Thakkar K, Boatright RO, Gilger MA, El-Serag HB. Gastro-oesophageal reflux and asthma in children: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2010; 125: e925-30.
6. Gibson PG, Henry RL, Coughlan JL. Gastro-oesophageal reflux treatment for asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; 2: CD001496.
7. Sopo SM, Radzik D, Calvani M. Does treatment with proton pump inhibitors for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) improve asthma symptoms in children with asthma and GERD? A systematic review.J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2009; 19: 1-5.
8. Owayed AF, Campbell DM, Wang EE. Underlying causes of recurrent pneumonia in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000; 154: 190-4. (Pubitemid 30075202)
9. Calabrese F, Rizzo S, Giacometti C, et al. High viral frequency in children with gastro-oesophageal reflux-related chronic respiratory disorders. Pediatr Pulmonol 2008; 43: 690-6. (Pubitemid 351957288)
10. Sacco O, Fregonese B, Silvestri M, Sabatini F, Mattioli G, Rossi GA. Bronchoalveolar lavage and oesophageal pH monitoring data in children with ''difficult to treat'' symptoms. Pediatr Pulmonol 2000; 30: 313-9.
11. Farrell S, McMaster C, Gibson D, Shields MD, McCallion WA. Pepsin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a specific and sensitive method of diagnosing gastro- oesophageal reflux-related pulmonary aspiration. J Pediatr Surg 2006; 41: 289-93. (Pubitemid 43233840)
12. Marchant JM, Masters IB, Taylor SM, Cox NC, Seymour GJ, Chang AB. Evaluation and outcome of young children with chronic cough. Chest 2006; 129: 1132-41.
13. Asilsoy S, Bayram E, Agin H, et al. Evaluation of cough in children. Chest 2008; 134: 1122-8.
14. Chang AB, Lsserson TJ, Gaffney J, Connor FL, Garske LA. Gastro-oesophageal reflux treatment for prolonged non-specfic cough in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006; 18: CD004823.
15. Herbst JJ, Minton SD, Book LS. Gastrooesophageal reflux causing respiratory distress and apnea in newborn infants. J Pediatr 1979; 95(5 Pt 1): 763-8. (Pubitemid 10228541)
16. Menon AP, Schefft GL, Thach BT. Apnea associated with regurgitation in infants. J Pediatr 1985; 106: 625-9. (Pubitemid 15080559)
17. Slocum C, Hibbs AM, Martin RJ, Orenstein SR. Infant apnea and gastrooesophageal reflux: a critical review and framework for further investigation. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2007; 9: 219-24. (Pubitemid 46864640)
18. Peter CS, Sprodowski N, Bohnhorst B. Gastroesophgeal reflux and apnea of prematurity: no temporal relationship. Pediatrics 2002; 109: 8-11. (Pubitemid 34049421)
19. Di Fiore JM, Arko M, Whitehouse M, Kimball A, Martin RJ. Apnea is not prolonged by acid gastro-oesophageal reflux in preterm infants. Pediatrics 2005; 116: 1059-63. (Pubitemid 46056408)
20. Corvaglia L, Zama D, Gualdi S, Ferlini M, Aceti A, Faldella G. Gastro-oesophageal reflux increases the number of apnoeas in very preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2009; 94: F188-92.
21. Omari TI. Apnoea-associated reduction in lower oesophageal sphincter tone in premature infants. J Pediatr 2009; 154: 374-8.
22. Gorrotxategi P, Eizaguirre I, Saenz de Ugarte A, et al. Characteristics of continuous oesophageal pH-metering in infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux and apparent life-threatening events. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1995; 5: 136-8.
23. Kahn A, Rebuffat E, Sottiaux M, Blum D, Yasik EA. Sleep apneas and acid oesophageal reflux in control infants and in infants with an apparent life-threatening event. Biol Neonate 1990; 57: 144-9. (Pubitemid 20060774)
24. Kahn A, Rebuffat E, Sottiaux M, Dufour D, Cadranel S, Reiterer F. Lack of temporal relation between acid reflux in the proximal ooesophagus and cardiorespiratory events in sleeping infants. Eur J Pediatr 1992; 151: 208-12.
25. Sacre L, Vandenplas Y. Gastro-oesophageal reflux associated with respiratory abnormalities during sleep. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1989; 9: 28-33. (Pubitemid 19166686)
26. Arslan Z, Cipe FE, Ozmen S, Kondolot M, Piskin IE, Yoney A. Evaluation of allergic sensitization and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children with recurrent croup. Pediatr Int 2009; 51: 661-5.
27. Kingsley HM, Coticchia JM. Correlating the clinical course of recurrent croup with endoscopic findings: a retrospective observational study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2008; 117: 464-9.
28. Karkos PD, Leong SC, Apostolidou MT, Apostolidis T. Laryngeal manifestations and pediatric laryngopharyngeal reflux. Am J Otolaryngol 2006; 27: 200-3.
29. O'Reilly RC, He Z, Bloedon E, et al. The role of extraoesophageal reflux in otitis media in infants and children. Laryngoscope 2008; 118 (7 Part 2 Suppl. 116): 1-9.
30. Samuels TL, Johnston N. Pepsin as a marker of extraoesophageal reflux. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2010; 119: 203-8.
31. Pignatari SS, Liriano RY, Avelino MA, Testa JR, Fujita R, De Marco EK. Gastro- oesophageal reflux in patients with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 73: 210-4.
32. Holland BW, Koufman JA, Postma GN, McGuirt WF. Laryngopharyngeal reflux and laryngeal web formation in patients with pediatric recurrent respiratory papillomas. Laryngoscope 2002; 112: 1926-9. (Pubitemid 35283449)
33. McKenna M, Brodsky L. Extraoesophageal acid reflux and recurrent respiratory papilloma in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolarngol 2005; 69: 597-605. (Pubitemid 40585772)
34. Bredenoord AJ, Smout AJ. oesophageal motility testing: impedance-based transit measurement and high-resolution manometry. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2008; 37: 775-91, vii.
35. Vandenplas Y, Rudolf CD, et al. Pediatric gastro-oesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: Joint recommendations of the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastro Nutrition 2009; 49: 498-547.
36. Lopez-Alonso M, Moya MJ, Cabo JA, et al. Twentyfour-hour oesophageal impedance-pH monitoring in healthy preterm neonates: rate and characteristics of acid, weakly acidic, and weakly Aalkaline gastro-oesophageal reflux. Pediatrics 2006; 118: e299-308. (Pubitemid 46090505)
37. Pilic D, Frohlich T, Noh F, et al. Detection of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children using combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH-measurement: data from the German Pediatric Impedance Group G-PIG. J Pediatrics 2010; Oct 28 [Epub ahead of print].
38. Wenzl TG. Data analysis and interpretation in impedance outcome studies. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 50: 238-9.
39. Omari T, Schwarzer A, van Wijk MP, Kritas S, McCall L, et al. Optimization of the reflux-symptom association statistics in infants. Gastroenterology 2009; 136: 514-20.
40. Orenstein SR, Hassall E, Furmaga-Jablonska W, Atkinson S, Raanan M. Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole in infants with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. J Pediatr 2009; 154: 514-20.
41. Elidemir O, Fan LL, Colasurdo GN. A novel diagnostic method for pulmonary aspiration in a murine model. Immunocytochemical staining of milk proteins in alveolar macrophages. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161(2 Pt 1): 622-8.
42. Ervine E, McMaster C, McCallion W, Shields MD. Pepsin measured in induced sputum - a test for pulmonary aspiration in children? J Ped Surg 2009; 44: 1938-41.
43. Koksal D, Ozkan B, Simsek C, Koksal AS, Agackyran Y, Sasmaz N. Lipid Laden Macrophage Index in sputum is not useful in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary symptoms secondary to gastro- oesophageal reflux. Arch Med Res 2005; 36: 485-9. (Pubitemid 41140053)
44. Fonkalsrud EW, et al. Surgical treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children: a combined hospital study of 7467 patients. Pediatr 1998; 101: 419-22. (Pubitemid 28136416)
45. Spechler SJ, et al. Long-term outcome of medical and surgical therapies for gastro- oesophageal reflux disease. Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 285: 2331-8. (Pubitemid 32424101)
46. Goyal A, et al. Esophagogastric dissociation in the neurologically impaired: an alternative to fundoplication? J Pediatr Surg 2005; 40: 915-9. (Pubitemid 40840804)
47. Pacilli M, et al. Factors predicting failure of redo Nissen fundoplication in children. Pediatr Surg Int 2007; 23: 499-503. (Pubitemid 46626232)
48. Dalzell AM, et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux revisited. Arch Dis Child 2005. Eletter published 09/11/2005.
49. Vernon-Roberts A, Sullivan PB. Fundoplication versus post-operative medication for gastro-oesophageal reflux in children with neurological impairment undergoing gastrostomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; 24: CD006151.
50. Chang AB, et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux treatment for prolonged non-specific cough in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 18: CD004823.
51. McHoney M, et al. Inflammatory response in children after laparoscopic vs open Nissen fundoplication: randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 40: 908-14.
52. Westcott CJ, et al. Fundoplication for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. J Am Coll Surg 2004; 199: 23-30. (Pubitemid 38813290)
53. Field SK, et al. The effects of antireflux surgery on asthmatics with gastrooesophageal reflux. Chest 1999; 116: 766-74. (Pubitemid 29428498)
54. Wetscher GJ, et al. Respiratory symptoms in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease following medical therapy and following anti-reflux surgery. Am J Surg 1997; 174: 639-42.
55. Morehead RS. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and non-asthma lung disease. European Resp Rev 2009; 18: 233-43.
56. Robertson AGN, et al. Lung transplantation, gastro-oesophageal reflux and fundoplication. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 89: 653-60.
57. Demeester TR, et al. Chronic respiratory symptoms and occult gastro-oesophageal reflux. A prospective clinical study and results of surgical therapy. Ann Surg 1990; 211: 337-45.
58. Smith CD, et al. Nissen fundoplication in children with profound neurologic disability. High risks and unmet goals. Ann Surg 1992; 215: 654-9.
59. Cheung KM, Tse HW, Tse PW, Chan KH. Nissen fundoplication and gastrostomy in severely neurologically impaired children with gastro-oesophageal reflux. Hong Kong Med J 2006; 12: 282-288. (Pubitemid 44285142)
60. Smith D, Soucy P. Complications of long-term jejunostomy in children. J Pediatr Surg 1996; 31: 787-90. (Pubitemid 26190596)
61. Buratti s, et al. Esophagogastric disconnection following failed fundoplication for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children with severe neurological impairment. Pediatr Surg Int 2004; 20: 786-90. (Pubitemid 40064163)
62. Danielson PD, Emmens RW. Esophagogastric disconnection for gastro-oesophageal reflux in children with severe neurological impairment. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34: 84-6.
63. Reid SM, et al. Randomized trial of botulinum toxin injections into the salivary glands to reduce drooling in children with neurological disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 2008; 50: 123-8. (Pubitemid 351972027)
64. Takamizawa S, et al. Laryngotracheal separation for intractable aspiration pneumonia in neurologically impaired children: experience with 11 cases. J Pediatr Surg 2003; 38: 975-7. (Pubitemid 36666303)