The cognitive neuroscience of prehension: Recent developments

Experimental Brain Research

Volumn 204, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 475-491

  Grafton, Scott T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Action planning; Grasp; Prehension; Reach

Indexed keywords

ANTICIPATION; BASAL GANGLION; COGNITION; DORSAL PREMOTOR CORTEX; EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; EYE MOVEMENT; FINGER; GRIP STRENGTH; HAND FUNCTION; HAND GRIP; HUMAN; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; KNOWLEDGE; MOTIVATION; MOTOR CONTROL; MOTOR CORTEX; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NONHUMAN; PLANNING; PREHENSION; PREMOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSORY MEMORY; SHORT TERM MEMORY; TASK PERFORMANCE; THUMB; VENTRAL PREMOTOR CORTEX; VISUAL FEEDBACK; ANIMAL; HAND; HAND STRENGTH; HAPLORHINI; METHODOLOGY; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); NERVE CELL; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; TOUCH; VISION;

ANIMALS; BASAL GANGLIA; COGNITIVE SCIENCE; GOALS; HAND; HAND STRENGTH; HAPLORHINI; HUMANS; MOVEMENT; NEURONS; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; TOUCH; VISION, OCULAR;

EID: 79952110812     PISSN: 00144819     EISSN: 14321106     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2315-2     Document Type: Review

References (171)

1. Albert F, Santello M, Gordon AM (2009) Sensorimotor memory of object weight distribution during multidigit grasp. Neurosci Lett 463:188-193
2. Andersen RA, Cui H (2009) Intention, action planning, and decision making in parietal-frontal circuits. Neuron 63:568-583
3. Ansuini C, Santello M, Massaccesi S, Castiello U (2006) EVects of end-goal on hand shaping. J Neurophysiol 95:2456-2465
4. Ansuini C, Tognin V, Turella L, Castiello U (2007) Distractor objects a Vect Wngers' angular distances but not Wngers' shaping during grasping. Exp Brain Res 178:194-205 (Pubitemid 46440130)
5. Ansuini C, Giosa L, Turella L, Altoè G, Castiello U (2008) An object for an action, the same object for other actions: e Vects on hand shaping. Exp Brain Res 185:111-119 (Pubitemid 351170524)
6. Arbib MA, Bonaiuto JB, Jacobs S, Frey SH (2009) Tool use and the distalization of the end-e Vector. Psychol Res 73:441-462
7. Archambault PS, Caminiti R, Battaglia-Mayer A (2009) Cortical mechanisms for online control of hand movement trajectory: the role of the posterior parietal cortex. Cereb Cortex 19:2848-2864
8. Badre D, D'Esposito M (2007) Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for a hierarchical organization of the prefrontal cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 19:2082-2099 (Pubitemid 350220518)
9. Badre D, D'Esposito M (2009) Is the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobe hierarchical? Nat Rev Neurosci 10:659-669
10. Barsalou LW (2008) Grounded cognition. Annu Rev Psychol 59:617-645
11. Baumann MA, Fluet MC, Scherberger H (2009) Context-speci Wc grasp movement representation in the macaque anterior intraparietal area. J Neurosci 29:6436-6448
12. Begliomini C, Wall MB, Smith AT, Castiello U (2007) Di Verential cortical activity for precision and whole-hand visually guided grasping in humans. Eur J Neurosci 25:1245-1252
13. Begliomini C, Nelini C, Caria A, Grodd W, Castiello U (2008) Cortical activations in humans grasp-related areas depend on hand used and handedness. PLo S ONE 3:e3388
14. Bingham G, Coats R, Mon-Williams M (2007) Natural prehension in trials without haptic feedback but only when calibration is allowed. Neuropsychologia 45:288-294 (Pubitemid 44828779)
15. Bonini L, Rozzi S, Serventi FU, Simone L, Ferrari PF, Fogassi L (2010) Ventral premotor and inferior parietal cortices make distinct contribution to action organization and intention understanding. Cereb Cortex 20:1372-1385
16. Borra E, Belmalih A, Calzavara R, Gerbella M, Murata A, Rozzi S, Luppino G (2008) Cortical connections of the macaque anterior intraparietal (AIP) area. Cereb Cortex 18:1094-1111
17. Borra E, Ichinohe N, Sato T, Tanifuji M, Rockland KS (2010) Cortical connections to area TE in monkey: hybrid modular and distributed organization. Cereb Cortex 20:257-270
18. Botvinick MM (2008) Hierarchical models of behavior and prefrontal function. Trends Cogn Sci 12:201-208
19. Botvinick MM, Plaut DC (2006) Such stu V as habits are made on: a reply to Cooper and Shallice (2006). Psychol Rev 113:917-928
20. Botvinick MM, Buxbaum LJ, Bylsma LM, Jax SA (2009) Toward an integrated account of object and action selection: a computational analysis and empirical Wndings from reaching-to-grasp and tool-use. Neuropsychologia 47:671-683
21. Boudrias MH, Mc Pherson RL, Frost SB, Cheney PD (2009) Output properties and organization of the forelimb representation of motor areas on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere in rhesus macaques. Cereb Cortex 20:169-186
22. Boudrias MH, Lee SP, Svojanovsky S, Cheney PD (2010) Forelimb muscle representations and output properties of motor areas in the mesial wall of rhesus macaques. Cereb Cortex 20:704-719
23. Brandauer B, Hermsdörfer J, Beck A, Aurich V, Gizewski ER, Marqu-ardt C, Timmann D (2008) Impairments of prehension kinematics and grasping forces in patients with cerebellar degeneration and the relationship to cerebellar atrophy. Clin Neurophysiol 119:2528-2537
24. Brouwer AM, Franz VH, Gegenfurtner KR (2009) Di Verences in Wxa-tions between grasping and viewing objects. J Vis 9:18, 11-24
25. Brozzoli C, Pavani F, Urquizar C, Cardinali L, Farnè A (2009) Grasping actions remap peripersonal space. Neuroreport 20:913-917
26. Buelte D, Meister IG, Staedtgen M, Dambeck N, Sparing R, Grefkes C, Boroojerdi B (2008) The role of the anterior intraparietal sulcus in crossmodal processing of object features in humans: an r TMS study. Brain Res 1217:110-118
27. Bursztyn LLCD, Ganesh G, Imamizu H, Kawato M, Flanagan JR (2006) Neural correlates of internal-model loading. Curr Biol 16:2440-2445 (Pubitemid 44894909)
28. Buxbaum LJ, Kyle KM, Tang K, Detre JA (2006) Neural substrates of knowledge of hand postures for object grasping and functional object use: evidence from f MRI. Brain Res 1117:175-185 (Pubitemid 44608204)
29. Cardinali L, Frassinetti F, Brozzoli C, Urquizar C, Roy AC, Farnè A (2009) Tool-use induces morphological updating of the body schema. Curr Biol 19:R478-R479
30. Carrico RL, Berthier NE (2008) Vision and precision reaching in 15-month-old infants. Infant Behav Dev 31:62-70
31. Castiello U (2005) The neuroscience of grasping. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:726-736 (Pubitemid 43160320)
32. Castiello U, Begliomini C (2008) The cortical control of visually guided grasping. Neuroscientist 14:157-170 (Pubitemid 351348112)
33. Cattaneo L, Caruana F, Jezzini A, Rizzolatti G (2009) Representation of goal and movements without overt motor behavior in the human motor cortex: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. J Neurosci 29:11134-11138
34. Cavina-Pratesi C, Goodale MA, Culham JC (2007) FMRI reveals a dissociation between grasping and perceiving the size of real 3D objects. PLo S ONE 2:e424
35. Cavina-Pratesi C, Ietswaart M, Humphreys GW, Lestou V, Milner AD (2010) Impaired grasping in a patient with optic ataxia: primary visuomotor de Wcit or secondary consequence of misreaching? Neuropsychologia 48:226-234
36. Chapman H, Pierno AC, Cunnington R, Gavrilescu M, Egan G, Castiello U (2007) The neural basis of selection-for-action. Neurosci Lett 417:171-175 (Pubitemid 46553818)
37. Chassagnon S, Minotti L, Kremer S, Ho Vmann D, Kahane P (2008) Somatosensory, motor, and reaching/grasping responses to direct electrical stimulation of the human cingulate motor areas. J Neu-rosurg 109:593-604
38. Chen J, Reitzen SD, Kohlenstein JB, Gardner EP (2009) Neural representation of hand kinematics during prehension in posterior parietal cortex of the macaque monkey. J Neurophysiol 102:3310-3328
39. Chouinard PA (2006) Di Verent roles of PMv and PMd during object lifting. J Neurosci 26:6397-6398 (Pubitemid 44318319)
40. Chouinard PA, Morrissey BF, Kohler S, Goodale MA (2008) Repetition suppression in occipital-temporal visual areas is modulated by physical rather than semantic features of objects. Neuroimage 41:130-144
41. Chouinard PA, Large ME, Chang EC, Goodale MA (2009) Dissociable neural mechanisms for determining the perceived heaviness of objects and the predicted weight of objects during lifting: an f MRI investigation of the size-weight illusion. Neuroimage 44:200-212
42. Cohen NR, Cross ES, Tunik E, Grafton ST, Culham JC (2009) Ventral and dorsal stream contributions to the online control of immediate and delayed grasping: a TMS approach. Neuropsychologia 47:1553-1562
43. Cole KJ (2008) Lifting a familiar object: visual size analysis, not memory for object weight, scales lift force. Exp Brain Res 188:551-557
44. Collins T, Schicke T, Röder B (2008) Action goal selection and motor planning can be dissociated by tool use. Cognition 109:363-371
45. Cooper R, Shallice T (2006) Hierarchical schemas and goals in the control of sequential behavior. Psychol Rev 113:887-916 (discussion 917-831) (Pubitemid 44637069)
46. Creem-Regehr SH (2009) Sensory-motor and cognitive functions of the human posterior parietal cortex involved in manual actions. Neurobiol Learn Mem 91:166-171
47. Dafotakis M, Sparing R, Eickho V SB, Fink GR, Nowak DA (2008) On the role of the ventral premotor cortex and anterior intraparietal area for predictive and reactive scaling of grip force. Brain Res 1228:73-80
48. Davare M, Andres M, Cosnard G, Thonnard JL, Olivier E (2006) Dissociating the role of ventral and dorsal premotor cortex in precision grasping. J Neurosci 26:2260-2268 (Pubitemid 44699035)
49. Davare M, Lemon R, Olivier E (2008) Selective modulation of interactions between ventral premotor cortex and primary motor cortex during precision grasping in humans. J Physiol 586:2735-2742 (Pubitemid 351761788)
50. Davare M, Montague K, Olivier E, Rothwell JC, Lemon RN (2009) Ventral premotor to primary motor cortical interactions during object-driven grasp in humans. Cortex 45:1050-1057
51. de Grave DD, Hesse C, Brouwer AM, Franz VH (2008) Fixation locations when grasping partly occluded objects. J Vis 8:5, 1-11
52. Deiber MP, Honda M, Ibanez V, Sadato N, Hallett M (1999) Mesial motor areas in self-initiated versus externally triggered movements examined with f MRI: e Vect of movement type and rate. J Neurophysiol 81:3065-3077 (Pubitemid 29283959)
53. Desanghere L, Marotta JJ (2008) The speci Wcity of learned associations in visuomotor and perceptual processing. Exp Brain Res 187:595-601
54. Dijkerman HC, Smit MC (2007) Interference of grasping observation during prehension, a behavioural study. Exp Brain Res 176:387-396 (Pubitemid 44837111)
55. Dijkerman HC, Mc Intosh RD, Schindler I, Nijboer TCW, Milner AD (2009) Choosing between alternative wrist postures: action planning needs perception. Neuropsychologia 47:1476-1482
56. Domellöf E, Rösblad B, Rönnqvist L (2009) Impairment severity selectively a Vects the control of proximal and distal components of reaching movements in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 51:807-816
57. Durand J-B, Nelissen K, Joly O, Wardak C, Todd JT, Norman JF, Jans-sen P, Vandu Vel W, Orban GA (2007) Anterior regions of monkey parietal cortex process visual 3D shape. Neuron 55:493-505 (Pubitemid 47126265)
58. Epstein RA, Parker WE, Feiler AM (2008) Two kinds of FMRI repetition suppression? Evidence for dissociable neural mechanisms. J Neurophysiol 99:2877-2886
59. Evangeliou MN, Raos V, Galletti C, Savaki HE (2009) Functional imaging of the parietal cortex during action execution and observation. Cereb Cortex 19:624-639
60. Fattori P, Breveglieri R, Marzocchi N, Filippini D, Bosco A, Galletti C (2009) Hand orientation during reach-to-grasp movements modulates neuronal activity in the medial posterior parietal area V6A. J Neurosci 29:1928-1936
61. Fattori P, Raos V, Breveglieri R, Bosco A, Marzocchi N, Galletti C (2010) The dorsomedial pathway is not just for reaching: grasping neurons in the medial parieto-occipital cortex of the macaque monkey. J Neurosci 30:342-349
62. Fogassi L, Ferrari PF, Gesierich B, Rozzi S, Chersi F, Rizzolatti G (2005) Parietal lobe: from action organization to intention understanding. Science 308:662-667 (Pubitemid 40594381)
63. Frak V, Croteau I, Bourbonnais D, Duval C, Duclos C, Cohen H (2007) Simulation modi Wes prehension: evidence for a conjoined representation of the graspable features of an object and the action of grasping it. PLo S ONE 2:e311
64. Franz VH, Hesse C, Kollath S (2009) Visual illusions, delayed grasping, and memory: no shift from dorsal to ventral control. Neuro-psychologia 47:1518-1531
65. Gallivan JP, Cavina-Pratesi C, Culham JC (2009) Is that within reach? f MRI reveals that the human superior parieto-occipital cortex encodes objects reachable by the hand. J Neurosci 29:4381-4391
66. Gamberini M, Passarelli L, Fattori P, Zucchelli M, Bakola S, Luppino G, Galletti C (2009) Cortical connections of the visuomotor pari-etooccipital area V6Ad of the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 513:622-642
67. Gardner EP, Babu KS, Ghosh S, Sherwood A, Chen J (2007a) Neuro-physiology of prehension. III. Representation of object features in posterior parietal cortex of the macaque monkey. J Neurophysiol 98:3708-3730
68. Gardner EP, Ro JY, Babu KS, Ghosh S (2007b) Neurophysiology of prehension. II. Response diversity in primary somatosensory (S-I) and motor (M-I) cortices. J Neurophysiol 97:1656-1670 (Pubitemid 46239537)
69. Gerbella M, Belmalih A, Borra E, Rozzi S, Luppino G (2010) Cortical connections of the macaque caudal ventrolateral prefrontal areas 45A and 45B. Cereb Cortex 20:141-168
70. González-Alvarez C, Subramanian A, Pardhan S (2007) Reaching and grasping with restricted peripheral vision. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 27:265-274 (Pubitemid 46683906)
71. Goodale MA, Milner AD, Jakobson LS, Carey DP (1991) A neurological dissociation between perceiving objects and grasping them. Nature 349:154-156 (Pubitemid 21912033)
72. Greenwald HS, Knill DC (2009) A comparison of visuomotor cue integration strategies for object placement and prehension. Vis Neurosci 26:63-72
73. Haynes JD, Rees G (2006) Decoding mental states from brain activity in humans. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:523-534 (Pubitemid 43989773)
74. Hendrix CM, Mason CR, Ebner TJ (2009) Signaling of grasp dimension and grasp force in dorsal premotor cortex and primary motor cortex neurons during reach to grasp in the monkey. J Neurophys-iol 102:132-145
75. Hermsdörfer J, Elias Z, Cole JD, Quaney BM, Nowak DA (2008) Preserved and impaired aspects of feed-forward grip force control after chronic somatosensory dea Verentation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 22:374-384 (Pubitemid 351852635)
76. Hinkley LB, Krubitzer LA, Padberg J, Disbrow EA (2009) Visual-manual exploration and posterior parietal cortex in humans. J Neurophysiol 102:3433-3446
77. Iriki A (2006) The neural origins and implications of imitation, mirror neurons and tool use. Curr Opin Neurobiol 16:660-667 (Pubitemid 44791927)
78. Jacobs S, Danielmeier C, Frey SH (2010) Human anterior intraparietal and ventral premotor cortices support representations of grasping with the hand or a novel tool. J Cogn Neurosci (in press)
79. Janssen P, Srivastava S, Ombelet S, Orban GA (2008) Coding of shape and position in macaque lateral intraparietal area. J Neurosci 28:6679-6690
80. Jeannerod M (1984) The timing of natural prehension movements. J Mot Behav 16:235-254
81. Jeannerod M (1986) The formation of Wnger grip during prehension. A cortically mediated visuomotor pattern. Behav Brain Res 19:99-116 (Pubitemid 16127877)
82. Jeannerod M (1988) The neural and behavioral organization of goal-directed movements. Clarendon Press, Oxford
83. Jeannerod M (1994a) The hand and the object: the role of posterior parietal cortex in forming motor representations. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 72:535-541 (Pubitemid 24246367)
84. Jeannerod M (1994b) The representing brain: neural correlates of motor intention and imagery. Behav Brain Sci 17:187-245
85. Jeannerod M, Arbib MA, Rizzolatti G, Sakata H (1995) Grasping objects: the cortical mechanisms of visuomotor transformation. Trends Neurosci 18:314-320
86. Johnson SH, Grafton ST (2003) From 'acting on' to 'acting with': the functional anatomy of object-oriented action schemata. Prog Brain Res 142:127-139 (Pubitemid 36368281)
87. Joly O, Vandu Vel W, Orban GA (2009) The monkey ventral premotor cortex processes 3D shape from disparity. Neuroimage 47:262-272
88. Karnath H-O, Rüter J, Mandler A, Himmelbach M (2009) The anatomy of object recognition\-visual form agnosia caused by medial occipitotemporal stroke. J Neurosci 29:5854-5862
89. Keefe BD, Watt SJ (2009) The role of binocular vision in grasping: a small stimulus-set distorts results. Exp Brain Res 194:435-444
90. Keisker B, Hepp-Reymond M-C, Blickenstorfer A, Meyer M, Kollias SS (2009) Di Verential force scaling of Wne-graded power grip force in the sensorimotor network. Hum Brain Mapp 30:2453-2465
91. Kermadi I, Liu Y, Tempini A, Rouiller EM (1997) EVects of reversible inactivation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) on uniman-ual grasp and bimanual pull and grasp performance in monkeys. Somatosens Mot Res 14:268-280 (Pubitemid 28017836)
92. Koch G, Rothwell JC (2009) TMS investigations into the task-dependent functional interplay between human posterior parietal and motor cortex. Behav Brain Res 202:147-152
93. Kourtis D, Kwok HF, Roach N, Wing AM, Praamstra P (2008) Maintaining grip: anticipatory and reactive EEG responses to load perturbations. J Neurophysiol 99:545-553 (Pubitemid 351253216)
94. Kroliczak G, Mc Adam TD, Quinlan DJ, Culham JC (2008) The human dorsal stream adapts to real actions and 3D shape processing: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurophysiol 100:2627-2639
95. Lalazar H, Vaadia E (2008) Neural basis of sensorimotor learning: modifying internal models. Curr Opin Neurobiol 18:573-581
96. Lashley KS (1951) The problem of serial order in behavior. In: Je Vress LA (ed) Cerebral mechanisms in behavior. Wiley, New York
97. Lee Y-L, Crabtree CE, Norman JF, Bingham GP (2008) Poor shape perception is the reason reaches-to-grasp are visually guided online. Percept Psychophys 70:1032-1046
98. Lukos JR, Ansuini C, Santello M (2008) Anticipatory control of grasping: independence of sensorimotor memories for kinematics and kinetics. J Neurosci 28:12765-12774
99. Macfarlane NBW, Graziano MSA (2009) Diversity of grip in Macaca mulatta. Exp Brain Res 197:255-268
100. Maratos FA, Anderson SJ, Hillebrand A, Singh KD, Barnes GR (2007) The spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of brain regions activated during the perception of object and non-object patterns. Neuroimage 34:371-383 (Pubitemid 44765267)
101. Marino BFM, Stucchi N, Nava E, Haggard P, Maravita A (2010) Distorting the visual size of the hand a Vects hand pre-shaping during grasping. Exp Brain Res 202:499-505
102. Martelloni C, Carpaneto J, Micera S (2009) Characterization of EMG patterns from proximal arm muscles during object- and orienta-tion-speci Wc grasps. EEE Trans Biomed Eng 56:2529-2536
103. Mason CR, Hendrix CM, Ebner TJ (2006) Purkinje cells signal hand shape and grasp force during reach-to-grasp in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 95:144-158 (Pubitemid 44698924)
104. Melmoth DR, Grant S (2006) Advantages of binocular vision for the control of reaching and grasping. Exp Brain Res 171:371-388 (Pubitemid 43780110)
105. Melmoth DR, Finlay AL, Morgan MJ, Grant S (2009) Grasping de W-cits and adaptations in adults with stereo vision losses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50:3711-3720
106. Milner AD, Goodale MA (1995) The visual brain in action. Oxford University Press, Oxford
107. Milner AD, Dijkerman HC, Mc Intosh RD, Rossetti Y, Pisella L (2003) Delayed reaching and grasping in patients with optic ataxia. Prog Brain Res 142:225-242 (Pubitemid 36368287)
108. Milner TE, Franklin DW, Imamizu H, Kawato M (2007) Central control of grasp: manipulation of objects with complex and simple dynamics. Neuroimage 36:388-395 (Pubitemid 46710450)
109. Murata Y, Higo N, Oishi T, Yamashita A, Matsuda K, Hayashi M, Yamane S (2008) EVects of motor training on the recovery of manual dexterity after primary motor cortex lesion in macaque monkeys. J Neurophysiol 99:773-786 (Pubitemid 351253234)
110. Nishimura Y, Onoe H, Morichika Y, Tsukada H, Isa T (2007) Activation of parieto-frontal stream during reaching and grasping studied by positron emission tomography in monkeys. Neurosci Res 59:243-250 (Pubitemid 47503373)
111. Noppeney U (2008) The neural systems of tool and action semantics: a perspective from functional imaging. J Physiol Paris 102:40-49
112. Noppeney U, Price CJ, Penny WD, Friston KJ (2006) Two distinct neural mechanisms for category-selective responses. Cereb Cortex 16:437-445 (Pubitemid 43209218)
113. Nowak DA, Timmann D, Hermsdörfer J (2007a) Dexterity in cerebel-lar agenesis. Neuropsychologia 45:696-703
114. Nowak DA, Topka H, Timmann D, Boecker H, Hermsdörfer J (2007b) The role of the cerebellum for predictive control of grasping. Cerebellum 6:7-17 (Pubitemid 46410669)
115. Nowak DA, Berner J, Herrnberger B, Kammer T, Grön G, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C (2009a) Continuous theta-burst stimulation over the dorsal premotor cortex interferes with associative learning during object lifting. Cortex 45:473-482
116. Nowak DA, Hufnagel A, Ameli M, Timmann D, Hermsdörfer J (2009b) Interhemispheric transfer of predictive force control during grasping in cerebellar disorders. Cerebellum 8:108-115
117. Olivier G, Velay JL (2009) Visual objects can potentiate a grasping neural simulation which interferes with manual response execution. Acta Psychol (Amst) 130:147-152
118. Pitzalis S, Sereno MI, Committeri G, Fattori P, Galati G, Patria F, Galletti C (2010) Human V6: the medial motion area. Cereb Cortex 20:411-424
119. Prevosto V, Graf W, Ugolini G (2010) Cerebellar inputs to intraparie-tal cortex areas LIP and MIP: functional frameworks for adaptive control of eye movements, reaching, and arm/eye/head movement coordination. Cereb Cortex 20:214-228
120. Prodoehl J, Corcos DM, Vaillancourt DE (2009) Basal ganglia mechanisms underlying precision grip force control. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 33:900-908
121. Quaney B, He J, Timberlake G, Dodd K, Carr C (2009) Visuomotor training improves stroke-related ipsilesional upper extremity impairments. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 24:52-61
122. Rabe K, Brandauer B, Li Y, Gizewski ER, Timmann D, Hermsdörfer J (2009) Size-weight illusion, anticipation, and adaptation of Wngertip forces in patients with cerebellar degeneration. J Neurophysiol 101:569-579
123. Ramayya AG, Glasser MF, Rilling JK (2010) A DTI investigation of neural substrates supporting tool use. Cereb Cortex 20:507-516
124. Randerath J, Li Y, Goldenberg G, Hermsdörfer J (2009) Grasping tools: e Vects of task and apraxia. Neuropsychologia 47:497-505
125. Raos V, Umilta MA, Murata A, Fogassi L, Gallese V (2006) Functional properties of grasping-related neurons in the ventral premotor area F5 of the macaque monkey. J Neurophysiol 95:709-729 (Pubitemid 44699077)
126. Reilly KT, Mercier C (2008) Cortical topography of human Wrst dorsal interroseus during individuated and nonindividuated grip tasks. Hum Brain Mapp 29:594-602 (Pubitemid 351706807)
127. Rice NJ, Tunik E, Grafton ST (2006) The anterior intraparietal sulcus mediates grasp execution, independent of requirement to update: new insights from transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neurosci 26:8176-8182 (Pubitemid 44315142)
128. Rice NJ, Tunik E, Cross ES, Grafton S (2007) On-line grasp control is mediated by the contralateral hemisphere. Brain Res 1175:76-84 (Pubitemid 47520610)
129. Rizzolatti G, Matelli M (2003) Two di Verent streams form the dorsal visual system: anatomy and functions. Experimental brain research Experimentelle Hirnforschung Expérimentation céréb-rale 153:146-157 (Pubitemid 37445307)
130. Rizzolatti G, Gentilucci M, Fogassi L, Luppino G, Matelli M, Ponzoni-Maggi S (1987a) Neurons related to goal-directed motor acts in inferior area 6 of the macaque monkey. Exp Brain Res 67:220-224 (Pubitemid 17100471)
131. Rizzolatti GM, Gentilucci L, Fogassi G, Luppino G, Matelli M, Ponzoni-Maggi S (1987b) Neurons related to goal-directed motor acts in inferior area 6 of the macaque monkey. Exp Brain Res 67:220-224
132. Rizzolatti G, Gentilucci M, Camarda RM, Gallese V, Luppino G, Matelli M, Fogassi L (1990) Neurons related to reaching-grasping arm movements in the rostral part of area 6 (area 6a beta). Exp Brain Res 82:337-350 (Pubitemid 20378092)
133. Rosenbaum DA, Vaughan J, Barnes HJ, Jorgensen MJ (1992) Time course of movement planning: selection of handgrips for object manipulation. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 18:1058-1073
134. Rosenbaum DA, Meulenbroek RG, Vaughan J, Jansen C (1999) Coordination of reaching and grasping by capitalizing on obstacle avoidance and other constraints. Exp Brain Res 128:92-100 (Pubitemid 29425607)
135. Rozzi S, Ferrari PF, Bonini L, Rizzolatti G, Fogassi L (2008) Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the macaque monkey: electrophysiological characterization of motor, sensory and mirror responses and their correlation with cytoarchi-tectonic areas. Eur J Neurosci 28:1569-1588
136. Rushworth MF, Buckley MJ, Behrens TE, Walton ME, Bannerman DM (2007) Functional organization of the medial frontal cortex. Curr Opin Neurobiol 17:220-227 (Pubitemid 46575241)
137. Sakata H, Taira M, Kusunoki M, Murata A, Tsutsui K, Tanaka Y, Shein WN, Miyashita Y (1999) Neural representation of three-dimensional features of manipulation objects with stereopsis. Exp Brain Res 128:160-169 (Pubitemid 29425615)
138. Schabrun SM, Ridding MC, Miles TS (2008) Role of the primary motor and sensory cortex in precision grasping: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Eur J Neurosci 27:750-756 (Pubitemid 351239296)
139. Schmidlin E, Brochier T, Maier MA, Kirkwood PA, Lemon RN (2008) Pronounced reduction of digit motor responses evoked from macaque ventral premotor cortex after reversible inactivation of the primary motor cortex hand area. J Neurosci 28:5772-5783
140. Shadmehr R, Krakauer JW (2008) A computational neuroanatomy for motor control. Exp Brain Res 185:359-381
141. Shadmehr R, Smith MA, Krakauer JW (2010) Error correction, sensory prediction, and adaptation in motor control. Annu Rev Neurosci (in press)
142. Smeets JB, Brenner E (2001) Independent movements of the digits in grasping. Exp Brain Res 139:92-100 (Pubitemid 32646313)
143. Sommerville JA, Hildebrand EA, Crane CC (2008) Experience matters: the impact of doing versus watching on infants' subsequent perception of tool-use events. Dev Psychol 44:1249-1256
144. Soteropoulos DS, Baker SN (2006) Cortico-cerebellar coherence during a precision grip task in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 95:1194-1206 (Pubitemid 44699115)
145. Spinks RL, Kraskov A, Brochier T, Umilta MA, Lemon RN (2008) Selectivity for grasp in local Weld potential and single neuron activity recorded simultaneously from M1 and F5 in the awake macaque monkey. J Neurosci 28:10961-10971
146. Spraker MB, Yu H, Corcos DM, Vaillancourt DE (2007) Role of individual basal ganglia nuclei in force amplitude generation. J Neurophysiol 98:821-834 (Pubitemid 47236035)
147. Srivastava S, Orban GA, De Mazière PA, Janssen P (2009) A distinct representation of three-dimensional shape in macaque anterior intraparietal area: fast, metric, and coarse. J Neurosci 29:10613-10626
148. Stark E, Abeles M (2007) Predicting movement from multiunit activity. J Neurosci 27:8387-8394 (Pubitemid 47219625)
149. Stark A, Zohary E (2008) Parietal mapping of visuomotor transformations during human tool grasping. Cereb Cortex 18:2358-2368
150. Stark E, Asher I, Abeles M (2007a) Encoding of reach and grasp by single neurons in premotor cortex is independent of recording site. J Neurophysiol 97:3351-3364 (Pubitemid 47084751)
151. Stark E, Drori R, Asher I, Ben-Shaul Y, Abeles M (2007b) Distinct movement parameters are represented by di Verent neurons in the motor cortex. Eur J Neurosci 26:1055-1066 (Pubitemid 47274608)
152. Stark E, Globerson A, Asher I, Abeles M (2008) Correlations between groups of premotor neurons carry information about prehension. J Neurosci 28:10618-10630
153. Taira M, Mine S, Georgopoulos AP, Murata A, Sakata H (1990) Parietal cortex neurons of the monkey related to the visual guidance of hand movement. Exp Brain Res 83:29-36
154. Tunik E, Rice NJ, Hamilton A, Grafton ST (2007) Beyond grasping: representation of action in human anterior intraparietal sulcus. Neuroimage 36(Suppl 2):T77-T86 (Pubitemid 46702730)
155. Tunik E, Ortigue S, Adamovich SV, Grafton ST (2008) Di Verential recruitment of anterior intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule during visually guided grasping revealed by electrical neu-roimaging. J Neurosci 28:13615-13620
156. Tunik E, Houk JC, Grafton ST (2009) Basal ganglia contribution to the initiation of corrective submovements. Neuroimage 47:1757-1766
157. Umilta MA, Brochier T, Spinks RL, Lemon RN (2007) Simultaneous recording of macaque premotor and primary motor cortex neuro-nal populations reveals di Verent functional contributions to visu-omotor grasp. J Neurophysiol 98:488-501 (Pubitemid 47084838)
158. Umiltà MA, Escola L, Intskirveli I, Grammont F, Rochat M, Caruana F, Jezzini A, Gallese V, Rizzolatti G (2008) When pliers become Wngers in the monkey motor system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:2209-2213 (Pubitemid 351439490)
159. Vaillancourt DE, Mayka MA, Thulborn KR, Corcos DM (2004) Sub-thalamic nucleus and internal globus pallidus scale with the rate of change of force production in humans. Neuroimage 23:175-186 (Pubitemid 39119447)
160. Vaillancourt DE, Yu H, Mayka MA, Corcos DM (2007) Role of the basal ganglia and frontal cortex in selecting and producing internally guided force pulses. Neuroimage 36:793-803 (Pubitemid 46907621)
161. Vainio L, Tucker M, Ellis R (2007) Precision and power grip priming by observed grasping. Brain Cogn 65:195-207 (Pubitemid 47539704)
162. Valyear KF, Culham JC, Sharif N, Westwood D, Goodale MA (2006) A double dissociation between sensitivity to changes in object identity and object orientation in the ventral and dorsal visual streams: a human f MRI study. Neuropsychologia 44:218-228 (Pubitemid 41740749)
163. Valyear KF, Cavina-Pratesi C, Stiglick AJ, Culham JC (2007) Does tool-related f MRI activity within the intraparietal sulcus re Xect the plan to grasp? Neuroimage 36(Suppl 2):T94-T108 (Pubitemid 46702732)
164. van de Kamp C, Zaal FTJM (2007) Prehension is really reaching and grasping. Exp Brain Res 182:27-34 (Pubitemid 47318249)
165. Verhagen L, Dijkerman HC, Grol MJ, Toni I (2008) Perceptuo-motor interactions during prehension movements. J Neurosci 28:4726-4735
166. Weiss PH, Dafotakis M, Metten L, Noth J (2009) Distal and proximal prehension is di Verentially a Vected by Parkinson's disease. The e Vect of conscious and subconscious load cues. J Neurol 256:450-456
167. Whitwell RL, Lambert LM, Goodale MA (2008) Grasping future events: explicit knowledge of the availability of visual feedback fails to reliably in Xuence prehension. Exp Brain Res 188:603-611
168. Wolpert DM, Ghahramani Z (2000) Computational principles of movement neuroscience. Nat Neurosci 3(Suppl):1212-1217
169. Wolpert DM, Goodbody SJ, Husain M (1998) Maintaining internal representations: the role of the human superior parietal lobe. Nat Neurosci 1:529-533
170. Xu Y (2009) Distinctive neural mechanisms supporting visual object individuation and identi Wcation. J Cogn Neurosci 21:511-518
171. Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML (2008) Multi Wnger prehension: an overview. J Mot Behav 40:446-476