Causation and effectuation processes: A validation study

Journal of Business Venturing

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 375-390

  Chandler, Gaylen N ^a   DeTienne, Dawn R ^b   McKelvie, Alexander ^c   Mumford, Troy V ^b  

^a WICHITA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

^c SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Causation; Effectuation; Measurement validation

Indexed keywords

EID: 79951852350     PISSN: 08839026     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.10.006     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Akerlof G.A., Yellen J.L. Unemployment through the filter of memory. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1985, 100:747-773.
2. Allen K. Launching New Ventures: An Entrepreneurial Approach 2003, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA.
3. Ansoff H.I. The New Corporate Strategy 1988, Wiley, New York.
4. Arnold T.J., Landry T.D., Reynolds J.K. Retail online assurances: typology development and empirical analysis. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 2007, 15(4):299-313.
5. Arrindell W.A., van der Ende J. An empirical test of the utility of the observations-to-variables ratio in factor and components analysis. Applied Psychological Measurement 1985, 9:165-178.
6. Bagozzi R.P., Yi Y., Phillips L.W. Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative Science Quarterly 1991, 36(3):421-458.
7. Bartlett M.S. Tests of significance in factor analysis. British Journal of Psychology, Statistical Section 1950, 3:77-85.
8. Bentler P.M. On the fit of models to covariances and methodology to the Bulletin. Psychological Bulletin 1992, 112:400-404.
9. Bollen K., Lennox R. Conventional wisdom on measurement: a structural equation perspective. Psychological Bulletin 1991, 110(2):305-314.
10. Brews P.J., Hunt M.R. Learning to plan and planning to learn: resolving the planning school/learning school debate. Strategic Management Journal 1999, 20(10):889-913.
11. Brown S.L., Eisenhardt K.M. The art of continuous change: linking complexity theory and time-paced evolution in relentlessly shifting organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly 1997, 42(1):1-34.
12. Browne M.W., Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Testing Structural Equation Models 1993, 136-162. Sage, Newbury Park. K.A. Bollen, J.S. Long (Eds.).
13. Bryant F.B., Yarnold P.R. Principal-components analysis and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reading and Understanding Multivariate Statistics 1995, 99-136. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. L.J. Grimm, P.R. Yarnold (Eds.).
14. Byrne B.M. Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming 2001, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey.
15. Cadogan J.W., Souchon A.L., Procter D.B. The quality of market-oriented behaviors: formative index construction. Journal of Business Research 2008, 61(12):1263-1277.
16. Caplan B. The Austrian search for realistic foundations. Southern Economics Journal 1999, 65(4):823-838.
17. Campbell D.T., Fiske D.W. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multi-trait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin 1959, 56:81-105.
18. Casson M., Wadeson N. The discovery of opportunities: extending the economic theory of the entrepreneur. Small Business Economics 2007, 28(4):285-300.
19. Cattell R.B. The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research 1966, 1:245-276.
20. Chandler G.N., Lyon D.W. Issues of research design and construct measurement in entrepreneurship research: the past decade. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 2001, 25(4):101-113.
21. Churchill G.A. A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research 1979, 16:64-73.
22. Coltman T., Devinney T.M., Midgley D.F., Venaik S. Formative versus reflective measurement models: two applications of formative measurement. Journal of Business Research 2008, 61:1250-1262.
23. Cook T.D., Campbell D.T. Quasi-experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues in Field Settings 1979, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
24. Dew N., Sarasvathy S.D. Of Immortal Firms and Mortal Markets: Dissolving the Innovator's Dilemma. Presented at the Second Annual Technology Entrepreneurship Research Conference 2001, Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland.
25. Dew N., Read S., Sarasvathy S.D., Wiltbank R. Effectual versus predictive logics in entrepreneurial decision-making: differences between experts and novices. Journal of Business Venturing 2009, 24(4):287-309.
26. Diamantopoulos A. Formative indicators: introduction to the special issue. Journal of Business Research 2008, 61:1201-1202.
27. Diamantopoulos A., Riefler P., Roth K.P. Advancing formative measurement models. Journal of Business Research 2008, 61:1203-1218.
28. Diamantopoulos A., Siguaw J. Formative versus reflective indicators in organizational measure development: a comparison and empirical illustration. British Journal of Management 2006, 17(4):263-282.
29. Diamantopoulos A., Winklhofer H.M. Index construction with formative indicators: an alternative to scale development. Journal of Marketing Research 2001, 38:269-277.
30. Dillman D.A. Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method 2000, Wiley, New York.
31. Drucker P.F. The discipline of innovation. Harvard Business Review 1998, 76(6):149-157.
32. Edmondson A.C., McManus S.E. Methodological fit in management field research. Academy of Management Review 2007, 22:1155-1179.
33. Eisenhardt K., Schoonhoven C. Resource-based view of strategic alliance formation: strategic and social effects in entrepreneurial firms. Organizational Science 1996, 7(2):136.
34. Everitt B.S. Multivariate analysis: the need for data, and other problems. The British Journal of Psychiatry 1975, 126:237-240.
35. Fabrigar L.R., Wegener D.T., MacCallum R.C., Strahan E.J. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods 1999, 4:272-299.
36. Fiet J.O. The Systematic Search for Entrepreneurial Discoveries 2002, Quorum Books, Westport, CT.
37. Forbes D.P. Are some entrepreneurs more overconfident than others?. Journal of Business Venturing 2005, 20:623-640.
38. Gorsuch R.L. Factor Analysis 1974, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA.
39. Gorsuch R.L. Factor Analysis 1983, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. Second Edition.
40. Guadagnoli E., Velicer W.F. Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin 1988, 103:265-275.
41. Hair J.F., Black W., Babin B.J., Anderson R.E., Tatham R.L. Multivariate Data Analysis 2006, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Sixth Edition.
42. Harmeling S.S. That my neighbor's cow might live: effectuation, entrepreneurship education, and regional development in Croatia. The Dynamics of Learning Entrepreneurship in a Cross-cultural University Context, University of Tampere, Research Center for Vocational Education, Entrepreneurship Series 2/2005 2005, University of Tampere, Finland. P. Kyro, C. Carrier (Eds.).
43. Harting T. Entrepreneurial effectuation in a corporate setting: the case of Circuit City's Carmax unit. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 2004, Babson College, Babson Park, MA. S.S. Zahra, C.G. Brush, P. Davidsson, J. Fiet, P.G. Greene, R.T. Harrison, M. Lerner, C. Mason, G.D. Meyer, J. Sohl, A. Zacharakis (Eds.).
44. Hayton J.C., Allen D.G., Scarpello V. Factor retention decisions in exploratory factor analysis: a tutorial on parallel analysis. Organizational Research Methods 2004, 7(2):191-205.
45. Hayton, J.C., Chandler, G.N., DeTienne, D.R. 2009. Entrepreneurial opportunity identification and new firm development processes: a comparison of family and non-family new ventures. Int. J. Entrepreneurship and Innovation management (forthcoming).
46. Herron L., Sapienza H.J. The entrepreneur and the initiation of new venture launch activities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 1992, 17(1):49-55.
47. Hitt M.A., Ireland R.D., Camp M., Sexton D.L. Strategic entrepreneurship: entrepreneurial strategies for wealth creation. Strategic Management Journal 2001, 22:479-491.
48. Honig B., Karlsson T. Institutional forces and the written business plan. Journal of Management 2004, 30(1):29.
49. Horn J.L. A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika 1965, 32:179-185.
50. Howell R.D., Breivik K., Wilcox J.B. Reconsidering formative measurement. Psychological Methods 2007, 12(2):205-218.
51. Johnson M., Lakoff G. Why cognitive linguistics requires embodied realism. Cognitive Linguistics 2002, 13(3):245-263.
52. Jarvis C.B., MacKenzie S.B., Podsakoff P.M. A critical review of construct indicators and measurement model misspecification in marketing and consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research 2003, 30:199-218.
53. Kaiser H.F. A second-generation Little Jiffy. Psychometrika 1970, 35:401-415.
54. Kline R.B. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling 1998, Guilford Press, New York, NY.
55. Koberg C., DeTienne D., Heppard K. An empirical test of environmental, organizational, and process factors affecting incremental and radical innovation. The Journal of High Tech. Management Research 2003, 14:21-45.
56. Kuratko D.F., Hodgetts R.M. Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, and Practice 2004, Thomson South-Western, Mason, OH.
57. Liao J., Gartner W. The effects of pre-venture plan timing and perceived environmental uncertainty on the persistence of emerging firms. Small Business Economics 2006, 27(1):23-40.
58. MacCallum R.C., Browne M.W., Sugawara H.M. Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods 1996, 1:130-149.
59. MacKenzie S.B., Podsakoff P.M., Jarvis C.B. The problem of measurement model misspecification in behavioral and organizational research and some recommended solutions. Journal of Applied Psychology 2005, 90(4):710-730.
60. March J.G., Simon H.A. Organizations 1958, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
61. March J.G., Sutton R.I. Organizational performance as a dependent variable. Organizational Science 1997, 8(6):698-706.
62. Marsh H.W., Hocevar D. Application of confirmation factor analysis to the study of self-concept: first- and higher-order factor models and their invariance across groups. Psychological Bulletin 1985, 97:562-582.
63. McGrath R.G. Falling forward: real options reasoning and entrepreneurial failure. Academy of Management Review 1999, 24(1):13-30.
64. Mintzberg H. Patterns in strategy formation. Management Science 1978, 24(9):934-948.
65. Mitchell T.R. An evaluation of the validity of correlational research conducted in organizations. Academy of Management Review 1985, 10(2):192-205.
66. Mitchell R.K., Busenitz L.W., Bird B., Gaglio C.M., McMullen J.S., Morse E.A., Smith B. The central question in entrepreneurial cognition research 2007. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 2007, 31(1):1-27.
67. Mitchell R.K., Smith B., Seawright K.W., Morse E.A. Cross-cultural cognitions and the venture creation decision. Academy of Management Journal 2000, 43(5):974-993.
68. Nag R., Corley K.G., Gioia D.A. The intersection of organizational identity, knowledge, and practice: attempting strategic change via knowledge grafting. Academy of Management Journal 2007, 50(4):821-847.
69. Nicholls-Nixon C.L., Cooper A.C., Woo C. Strategic experimentation: understanding change and performance in new ventures. Journal of Business Venturing 2000, 15(5/6):493-521.
70. Nunnally J.C., Bernstein I.H. Psychometric Theory 1994, McGraw-Hill, New York. Third Edition.
71. Pellegrini E.K., Scandura T.A. Construct equivalence across groups: an unexplored issue in mentoring research. Education and Psychological. Measurement 2005, 65:323-335.
72. Richard O.C., Barnett T., Dwyer S., Chadwick K. Cultural diversity in management, firm performance, and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions. Academy of Management Journal 2004, 47(2):255-266.
73. Rossiter J. The C-OAR-SE procedure for scale development in marketing. International Journal of Research in Marketing 2002, 19:305-335.
74. Ruiz D.M., Gremler D.D., Washburn J.H., Carrion G.C. Service Value Revisited: Specifying a Higher-order, Formative Measure. Journal of Business Research - Special Issue on Formative Measures 2008.
75. Sarasvathy S. Causation and effectuation: toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Academy of Management Review 2001, 26(2):243-263.
76. Sarasvathy S.D., Dew N. Entrepreneurial logics for a technology of foolishness. Scandinavian Journal of Management 2005, 21(4):385-406.
77. Sarasvathy S. Effectuation: Elements of Entrepreneurial Expertise 2008, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, UK.
78. Sarasvathy S.D., Kotha S. Dealing with Knightian uncertainty in the new economy: the real networks case. Research on Management and Entrepreneurship 2001, 31-62. Greenwich, IAP Inc. J.E. Butler (Ed.).
79. Sarasvathy D.K., Simon H.A., Lave L. Perceiving and managing business risks: difference between entrepreneurs and bankers. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 1998, 33(2):207-225.
80. Sarkar M.B., Echambadi R.A.J., Harrison J.S. Alliance entrepreneurship and firm market performance. Strategic Management Journal 2001, 22(6/7):701-711.
81. Scarborough N.M., Zimmerer T.W. Effective Small Business Management: An Entrepreneurial Approach 2003, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
82. Schwab D.P. Construct validity in organizational behavior. Research. in Organizational Behavior, Volume 2 1980, 3-43. JAI Press, Greenwich, CT. L.B. Cummings, B.M. Staw (Eds.).
83. Starbuck W., Mezias S.J. Opening Pandora's Box: studying the accuracy of managers' perceptions. Journal of Organizational Behavior 1996, 17(2):99-117.
84. Stephenson W. The Study of Behavior 1953, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
85. Stigler G.J. The Theory of Price 1952, Macmillan, New York, NY.
86. Sudman S., Bradburn N.M. Effects of time and memory factors on response in surveys. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1973, 68(344):805-815.
87. Thompson B., Daniel L.G. Factor analytic evidence for the construct validity of scores: a historical overview and some guidelines. Educational and Psychological. Measurement 1996, 56:197-208.
88. Timmons J.A., Spinelli S. New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century 2004, McGraw Hill/Irwin, New York, NY.
89. Viale R. Cognitive constraints of economic rationality. Economics, Bounded Rationality and the Cognitive Revolution 1992, 174-193. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Brookfield, VT. H. Simon (Ed.).
90. Webb E.H., Weick K.E. Unobtrusive measures in organization theory: a reminder. Administrative Science Quarterly 1979, 24:650-659.
91. Wheaton B., Muthen B., Alwin D.F., Summers G.F. Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. Sociological Methodology 1977, 8:84-136.
92. Wiltbank R., Dew N., Read S., Sarasvathy S. What to do next? The case for non-predictive strategy. Strategic Management Journal 2006, 27(10):981-998.
93. Wiltbank R., Read S., Dew N., Sarasvathy S.D. Prediction and control under uncertainty: outcomes in angel investing. Journal of Business Venturing 2009, 24(2):115-133.
94. Zwick W.R., Velicer W.F. Factors influencing five rules for determining the number of components to retain. Psychological Bulletin 1986, 99:432-442.