메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 180-190

Interactions do not only tell us when, but can also tell us how: Testing process hypotheses by interaction

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 79951815125     PISSN: 00462772     EISSN: 10990992     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.762     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (97)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0001512801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast tests of interaction hypotheses
    • Abelson, R. P., & Prentice, D. A. (1997). Contrast tests of interaction hypotheses. Psychological Methods, 2, 315-328.
    • (1997) Psychological Methods , vol.2 , pp. 315-328
    • Abelson, R.P.1    Prentice, D.A.2
  • 2
    • 0001290401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology. Science conference series
    • In E. Harmon-Jones, amp; J. Mills (Eds.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • Aronson, J., Cohen, G., & Nail, P. R. (1999). Self-affirmation theory: An update and appraisal. In E. Harmon-Jones, & J. Mills (Eds.), Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology. Science conference series (pp. 127-147). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1999) Self-affirmation theory: An update and appraisal. , pp. 127-147
    • Aronson, J.1    Cohen, G.2    Nail, P.R.3
  • 3
    • 0003011116 scopus 로고
    • Handbook of social cognition
    • In R. S. Wyer, amp; T. K. Srull (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • Bargh, J. A. (1984). Automatic and conscious processing of social information. In R. S. Wyer, & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 3, pp. 1-43). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1984) Automatic and conscious processing of social information. , vol.3 , pp. 1-43
    • Bargh, J.A.1
  • 4
    • 0003151948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology
    • In H. T. Reis, amp; C. M. Judd (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (2000). The mind in the middle. A practical guide to priming and automaticity research. In H. T. Reis, & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 253-285). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000) The mind in the middle. A practical guide to priming and automaticity research. , pp. 253-285
    • Bargh, J.A.1    Chartrand, T.L.2
  • 5
    • 0023020183 scopus 로고
    • The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations
    • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 1173-1182
    • Baron, R.M.1    Kenny, D.A.2
  • 6
    • 0032332694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unlearning cognitive dissonance: Toward an understanding of the development of dissonance
    • Cooper, J. (1998). Unlearning cognitive dissonance: Toward an understanding of the development of dissonance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 562-575.
    • (1998) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 562-575
    • Cooper, J.1
  • 7
    • 0018022092 scopus 로고
    • Arousal as a necessary condition for attitude change following induced compliance
    • Cooper, J., Zanna, M. P., & Taves, P. A. (1978). Arousal as a necessary condition for attitude change following induced compliance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1101-1106.
    • (1978) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 1101-1106
    • Cooper, J.1    Zanna, M.P.2    Taves, P.A.3
  • 11
    • 34547425414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further ironies of suppression: Stereotype and counterstereotype accessibility following suppression
    • Galinsky, A. D., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2007). Further ironies of suppression: Stereotype and counterstereotype accessibility following suppression. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 833-841.
    • (2007) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 833-841
    • Galinsky, A.D.1    Moskowitz, G.B.2
  • 12
  • 13
    • 0142055255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological defense in anticipation of anxiety: Eliminating the potential for anxiety eliminates the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense
    • Greenberg, J., Martens, A., Jonas, E., Eisenstadt, D., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2003). Psychological defense in anticipation of anxiety: Eliminating the potential for anxiety eliminates the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. Psychological Science, 14, 516-519.
    • (2003) Psychological Science , vol.14 , pp. 516-519
    • Greenberg, J.1    Martens, A.2    Jonas, E.3    Eisenstadt, D.4    Pyszczynski, T.5    Solomon, S.6
  • 14
    • 42449127529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive load selectively interferes with utilitarian moral judgment
    • Greene, J. D., Morelli, S. A., Lowenberg, K., Nystrom, L. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2008). Cognitive load selectively interferes with utilitarian moral judgment. Cognition, 107, 1144-1154.
    • (2008) Cognition , vol.107 , pp. 1144-1154
    • Greene, J.D.1    Morelli, S.A.2    Lowenberg, K.3    Nystrom, L.E.4    Cohen, J.D.5
  • 15
    • 4043152650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The examination of psychological hypotheses by planned contrasts referring to two-factor interactions in fixed-effects ANOVA
    • Retrieved 10 March 2010, from .
    • Hager, W. (2002). The examination of psychological hypotheses by planned contrasts referring to two-factor interactions in fixed-effects ANOVA. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 7, 49-77. Retrieved 10 March 2010, from .
    • (2002) Methods of Psychological Research Online , vol.7 , pp. 49-77
    • Hager, W.1
  • 16
    • 84985769360 scopus 로고
    • The influence of misattributions on reactions to inequity: Towards a further understanding of inequity
    • Hassebrauck, M. (1987). The influence of misattributions on reactions to inequity: Towards a further understanding of inequity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 17, 295-304.
    • (1987) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 295-304
    • Hassebrauck, M.1
  • 17
    • 70949095633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium
    • Hayes, A. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76, 408-420.
    • (2009) Communication Monographs , vol.76 , pp. 408-420
    • Hayes, A.1
  • 18
    • 0030822925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures
    • Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599-610.
    • (1997) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 599-610
    • Holmbeck, G.N.1
  • 19
    • 59949097012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What motivates nonconformity? Uniqueness seeking blocks majority influence
    • Imhoff, R., & Erb, H.-P. (2009). What motivates nonconformity? Uniqueness seeking blocks majority influence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 309-320.
    • (2009) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.35 , pp. 309-320
    • Imhoff, R.1    Erb, H.-P.2
  • 21
    • 0000808962 scopus 로고
    • Mediators, moderators, and tests for mediation
    • James, L. R., & Brett, J. M. (1984). Mediators, moderators, and tests for mediation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 307-321.
    • (1984) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 307-321
    • James, L.R.1    Brett, J.M.2
  • 22
    • 57949111333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focus theory of normative conduct and terror-management theory: The interactive impact of mortality salience and norm salience on social judgment
    • Jonas, E., Martens, A., Niesta Kayser, D., Fritsche, I., Sullivan, D., & Greenberg, J. (2008). Focus theory of normative conduct and terror-management theory: The interactive impact of mortality salience and norm salience on social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1239-1251.
    • (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.95 , pp. 1239-1251
    • Jonas, E.1    Martens, A.2    Niesta Kayser, D.3    Fritsche, I.4    Sullivan, D.5    Greenberg, J.6
  • 23
    • 84973815909 scopus 로고
    • Process analysis: Estimating mediation in treatment evaluations
    • Judd, C. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1981). Process analysis: Estimating mediation in treatment evaluations. Evaluation Review, 5, 602-619.
    • (1981) Evaluation Review , vol.5 , pp. 602-619
    • Judd, C.M.1    Kenny, D.A.2
  • 26
    • 0001639661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The handbook of social psychology
    • In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, amp; G. Lindzey (Eds.), (4th edn,) Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
    • Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Bolger, N. (1998). Data analysis in social psychology. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th edn, Vol. 1, pp. 233-265). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1998) Data analysis in social psychology. , vol.1 , pp. 233-265
    • Kenny, D.A.1    Kashy, D.A.2    Bolger, N.3
  • 27
    • 43049131122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How and why criteria defining moderators and mediators differ between the Baron & Kenny and MacArthur approaches
    • Kraemer, H. C., Kiernan, M., Essex, M. J., & Kupfer, D. J. (2008). How and why criteria defining moderators and mediators differ between the Baron & Kenny and MacArthur approaches. Health Psychology, 27, S101-S108.
    • (2008) Health Psychology , vol.27
    • Kraemer, H.C.1    Kiernan, M.2    Essex, M.J.3    Kupfer, D.J.4
  • 29
    • 72749084821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulation checks as manipulation: Another look at the ease-of-retrieval heuristic
    • Kühnen, U. (2010). Manipulation checks as manipulation: Another look at the ease-of-retrieval heuristic. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 47-58.
    • (2010) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.36 , pp. 47-58
    • Kühnen, U.1
  • 30
    • 33745938827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to statistical mediation analysis
    • New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (2008)
    • MacKinnon, D.P.1
  • 32
    • 0034575354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effect
    • MacKinnon, D. P., Krull, J. L., & Lockwood, C. M. (2000). Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effect. Prevention Science, 1, 173-181.
    • (2000) Prevention Science , vol.1 , pp. 173-181
    • MacKinnon, D.P.1    Krull, J.L.2    Lockwood, C.M.3
  • 35
    • 79951834664 scopus 로고
    • Advances in quasi-experimental design and analysis. New directions for program evaluation
    • In W. M. K. Trochim (Ed.), San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
    • Mark, M. M. (1986). Validity typologies and the logic and practice of quasi experimentation. In W. M. K. Trochim (Ed.), Advances in quasi-experimental design and analysis. New directions for program evaluation (pp. 47-66). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
    • (1986) Validity typologies and the logic and practice of quasi experimentation. , pp. 47-66
    • Mark, M.M.1
  • 36
    • 33847269454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clarifying conditions and decision points for mediational type inferences in organizational behavior
    • Mathieu, J. E., & Taylor, S. R. (2006). Clarifying conditions and decision points for mediational type inferences in organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 1031-1056.
    • (2006) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.27 , pp. 1031-1056
    • Mathieu, J.E.1    Taylor, S.R.2
  • 39
    • 40249086574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjusting for a mediator in models with two crossed treatment variables
    • Muller, D., Yzerbyt, V., & Judd, C. M. (2008). Adjusting for a mediator in models with two crossed treatment variables. Organizational Research Methods, 11, 224-240.
    • (2008) Organizational Research Methods , vol.11 , pp. 224-240
    • Muller, D.1    Yzerbyt, V.2    Judd, C.M.3
  • 41
    • 0003398906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference
    • New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • Pearl, J. (2000). Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000)
    • Pearl, J.1
  • 42
    • 0242274455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proceedings of the seventeenth conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence
    • In San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
    • Pearl, J. (2001). Direct and indirect effects. In Proceedings of the seventeenth conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence (pp. 411-420). San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
    • (2001) Direct and indirect effects. , pp. 411-420
    • Pearl, J.1
  • 43
    • 44949168308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models
    • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008a). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891.
    • (2008) Behavior Research Methods , vol.40 , pp. 879-891
    • Preacher, K.J.1    Hayes, A.F.2
  • 44
    • 44449167847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research
    • In A. F. Hayes, M. D. Slater, amp; L. B. Snyder (Eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008b). Contemporary approaches to assessing mediation in communication research. In A. F. Hayes, M. D. Slater, & L. B. Snyder (Eds.), The Sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research (pp. 13-54). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (2008) Contemporary approaches to assessing mediation in communication research. , pp. 13-54
    • Preacher, K.J.1    Hayes, A.F.2
  • 45
    • 34547179995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions
    • Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42, 185-227.
    • (2007) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.42 , pp. 185-227
    • Preacher, K.J.1    Rucker, D.D.2    Hayes, A.F.3
  • 46
    • 0346384291 scopus 로고
    • Controlled and automatic human information processing: Detection, search, and attention
    • Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84, 1-66.
    • (1977) Psychological Review , vol.84 , pp. 1-66
    • Schneider, W.1    Shiffrin, R.M.2
  • 47
    • 21844509729 scopus 로고
    • What respondents learn from questionnaires: The survey interview and the logic of conversation
    • Schwarz, N. (1995). What respondents learn from questionnaires: The survey interview and the logic of conversation. International Statistical Review, 63, 153-168.
    • (1995) International Statistical Review , vol.63 , pp. 153-168
    • Schwarz, N.1
  • 48
    • 84984093032 scopus 로고
    • The impact of administration mode on response effects in survey measurement
    • Schwarz, N., Strack, F., Hippler, H.-J., & Bishop, G. (1991). The impact of administration mode on response effects in survey measurement. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 5, 193-212.
    • (1991) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 193-212
    • Schwarz, N.1    Strack, F.2    Hippler, H.-J.3    Bishop, G.4
  • 49
    • 33748062991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in experimental social psychology
    • In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • Sherman, D. K., & Cohen, G. L. (2006). The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 38, pp. 183-242). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (2006) The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory. , vol.38 , pp. 183-242
    • Sherman, D.K.1    Cohen, G.L.2
  • 50
    • 84875514169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations
    • Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445.
    • (2002) Psychological Methods , vol.7 , pp. 422-445
    • Shrout, P.E.1    Bolger, N.2
  • 51
    • 84925902968 scopus 로고
    • I'll bet you say that to all the girls: Physical attractiveness and reactions to praise
    • Sigall, H., & Michela, J. (1976). I'll bet you say that to all the girls: Physical attractiveness and reactions to praise. Journal of Personality, 44, 611-626.
    • (1976) Journal of Personality , vol.44 , pp. 611-626
    • Sigall, H.1    Michela, J.2
  • 52
    • 22044442405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of independent variables and mediators are useful in social psychology experiments: But are they necessary
    • Sigall, H., & Mills, J. (1998). Measures of independent variables and mediators are useful in social psychology experiments: But are they necessary? Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 218-226.
    • (1998) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.2 , pp. 218-226
    • Sigall, H.1    Mills, J.2
  • 53
    • 0002037905 scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models
    • Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290-312.
    • (1982) Sociological Methodology , vol.13 , pp. 290-312
    • Sobel, M.E.1
  • 54
    • 84993729286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to causal inference
    • Sobel, M. E. (1996). An introduction to causal inference. Sociological Methods & Research, 24, 353-379.
    • (1996) Sociological Methods & Research , vol.24 , pp. 353-379
    • Sobel, M.E.1
  • 55
    • 44949156585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of causal parameters in randomized studies with mediating variables
    • Sobel, M. E. (2008). Identification of causal parameters in randomized studies with mediating variables. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 33, 230-251.
    • (2008) Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics , vol.33 , pp. 230-251
    • Sobel, M.E.1
  • 56
    • 30544443203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing a causal chain: Why experiments are often more effective in examining psychological process than mediational analyses
    • Spencer, S. J., Zanna, M. P., & Fong, G. T. (2005). Establishing a causal chain: Why experiments are often more effective in examining psychological process than mediational analyses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 845-851.
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 845-851
    • Spencer, S.J.1    Zanna, M.P.2    Fong, G.T.3
  • 57
    • 0004256058 scopus 로고
    • Relevance: Communication and cognition
    • (2nd edn). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance: Communication and cognition (2nd edn). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (1995)
    • Sperber, D.1    Wilson, D.2
  • 58
    • 40249094445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative validity of inferences about mediation as a function of research design characteristics
    • Stone-Romero, E. F., & Rosopa, P. J. (2008). The relative validity of inferences about mediation as a function of research design characteristics. Organizational Research Methods, 11, 326-352.
    • (2008) Organizational Research Methods , vol.11 , pp. 326-352
    • Stone-Romero, E.F.1    Rosopa, P.J.2
  • 63
    • 0000563113 scopus 로고
    • The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction
    • Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. (1974). The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 109-120.
    • (1974) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 109-120
    • Word, C.O.1    Zanna, M.P.2    Cooper, J.3
  • 64
    • 3042805386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The naive epistemology of a working social psychologist (or the working epistemology of a naive social psychologist): The value of taking "Temporary Givens" seriously
    • Zanna, M. P. (2004). The naive epistemology of a working social psychologist (or the working epistemology of a naive social psychologist): The value of taking "Temporary Givens" seriously. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 210-218.
    • (2004) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.8 , pp. 210-218
    • Zanna, M.P.1
  • 65
    • 0016064477 scopus 로고
    • Dissonance and the pill: An attribution approach to studying the arousal properties of dissonance
    • Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. (1974). Dissonance and the pill: An attribution approach to studying the arousal properties of dissonance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 703-709.
    • (1974) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 703-709
    • Zanna, M.P.1    Cooper, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.